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"Shi, Jiao"
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Effects of school myopia management measures on myopia onset and progression among Chinese primary school students
Background
Schools play an organizational role in managing myopia-related behavioral habits among students. We evaluated the effects of school myopia management measures on myopia onset and progression in a school-based prospective 1-year observational study.
Methods
In total, 8319 children from 26 elementary schools were included. Online questionnaire completed by a parent, in which school myopia management experience including outdoor activities in recess or physical education class, teachers’ supervision, and teaching facilities. Variables were defined as implemented well or poorly, according to the Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Myopia among Children and Teenagers. Children underwent ophthalmic examinations, and the incidence and progression of myopia from 2019 to 2020 were estimated. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the association between school management measures and myopia development in 8,9 years and 10,11 years students.
Results
From 2019 to 2020, the incidence of myopia among primary school students was 36.49%; the mean difference of spherical equivalent in myopic children was − 0.29 ± 1.22 diopters. The risk of incident myopia was reduced by 20% in 8,9 years participants with well-implemented class recess compared with those with poorly implemented class recess (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.80,
p
= 0.032). PE outdoor time was significantly associated with myopia incidence in 10,11 years students (aOR: 0.76,
p
= 0.043). Compared with poorly implemented reading and writing posture, desk and chair height, 10,11 participants with well-implemented desk and chair height were less likely to have rapid myopic progression (
p
= 0.029,
p
= 0.022).
Conclusion
In Shanghai, children’s myopia is associated with better implementation of school myopia management measures. The present findings suggest that outdoor activities during class recess or PE class, providing suitable desks and chairs, and adequate instruction in reading and writing postures might protect against pathological eye growth. An age-specific myopia prevention and control programs in school is of primary importance.
Journal Article
القصة الكاملة للإسلام في الصين
هو أحدث كتاب يعرض التاريخ الكامل للإسلام في الصين مستندا على وثائق وبيانات من أرشيف الدولة الصينية يفرج عنها لأول مرة، ويتحدث الكتاب عن مسار وتحول الإسلام في الصين عبر تاريخ أكثر من 1300 عام حتى اليوم، وهو من تأليف الباحث الشهير وانغ لنغ قوي مدير مركز دراسات الشرق الأوسط بالأكاديمية الصينية للعلوم. وترجمة أ. د. م. رشا كمال ودكتور شيماء كمال ومراجعة أحمد السعيد، وقد استغرقت الترجمة قرابة العام ونصف العام نظرا لتخصص واحترافية وتنوع مضمون الكتاب. وتصدره مجموعة أطلس للنشر والإعلام في أول عمل من إصداراتها عن الصين.
Book
Multiple trajectories of life style indicators and their links to myopia in the middle school students: A five-year cohort study
Little is known about the epidemiology of myopia-related behavior patterns among adolescents in economically developed regions of China, and their associations with myopia.This prospective cohort study included 1945 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from 2019 to 2023. Lifestyle indicators (sleep time, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), outdoor time, screen time, extra-study time) were investigated by self-reported questionnaire annually, and trajectory groups were generated using group-based multi-trajectory models. The main outcome measures were noncycloplegic refractions and axial length (AL), corneal radius (CR).In the cohort of 1945 participants, we identified three lifestyle trajectory groups based on the distribution of lifestyle indicators. The “General” group accounted for 38.2%, exhibiting a longer sleep duration of about 8 h, approximately 3 days of MVPA ≥ 1 h weekly, daily outdoor time of at least 2 h, around 2 h of daily screen time, and weekly extra-study time of 0.5 h. The “Rapidly declining sleep time and prolonged extra-study time” (52.2%) group was characterized by a rapidly declining sleep duration and 2.5 h of weekly extra-study time. The “Persistently low MVPA and prolonged extra-study time” group (8.8%) demonstrated minimal physical activity, averaging only 0.6 days of MVPA ≥ 1 h weekly and 2 h of weekly extra-study time. Compared to “General”, the “Rapidly declining sleep time and prolonged extra-study time” lifestyle was associated with myopia(OR:1.30; 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.67), rapid SE progression(OR = 1.35; 95%CI = 1.06 to 1.72), and higher myopia degree(OR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.20); longer AL(β coefficient: 0.17; 95%CI = 0.05 to 0.29) and positive AL/CR ratio(β coefficient: 0.02; 95%CI = 0.01 to 0.03), but not associated with AL progression or AL/CR ratio progression. For middle school students in China, there were 3 different patterns of myopia-related behaviors. The lifestyle characterized by prolonged extra-study time and rapidly declining sleep time was associated with an elevated risk for myopia.
Journal Article
Tumour-associated macrophages secrete pleiotrophin to promote PTPRZ1 signalling in glioblastoma stem cells for tumour growth
Intense infiltration of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Herein, we report that TAMs secrete abundant pleiotrophin (PTN) to stimulate glioma stem cells (GSCs) through its receptor PTPRZ1 thus promoting GBM malignant growth through PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling. PTN expression correlates with infiltration of CD11b
+
/CD163
+
TAMs and poor prognosis of GBM patients. Co-implantation of M2-like macrophages (MLCs) promoted GSC-driven tumour growth, but silencing PTN expression in MLCs mitigated their pro-tumorigenic activity. The PTN receptor PTPRZ1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and also predicts GBM poor prognosis. Disrupting PTPRZ1 abrogated GSC maintenance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, blocking the PTN–PTPRZ1 signalling by shRNA or anti-PTPRZ1 antibody potently suppressed GBM tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. Our study uncovered a critical molecular crosstalk between TAMs and GSCs through the PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling to support GBM malignant growth, indicating that targeting this signalling axis may have therapeutic potential.
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, the authors show that TAMs support glioma stem cell renewal via paracrine signalling to the pleiotrophin receptor PTPRZ1 and that blocking this axis results in increased survival of tumour-bearing animals.
Journal Article
تاريخ التبادلات الأدبية الصينية العربية
ترصد موسوعة \"تاريخ التبادلات الأدبية الصينية العربية\" مسيرة التبادلات الثقافية والأدبية منذ القدم بين الحضارتين الصينية والعربية، والترجمات الصينية الأولى للأدب العربي، كما تسلط الضوء على الأدب الصيني في الدول العربية، ورحلة التبادلات بين الأدباء العرب والصينيين والأحداث التاريخية التي واكبت محطات حركة التبادلات الأدبية بين الجانبين. كما ترصد التاريخ الطويل للأمة العربية في التواصل التجاري والثقافي والأدبي مع الصين، حيث عرفت الصين العرب منذ القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد مع رحلة المبعوث الصيني تشانغ تشيان إلى الغرب في عصر الإمبراطور هان وو دي، ثم عبر طريق الحرير البري القديم وطريق الحرير البحري \"طريق التوابل\" اللذين شهدا تدفقا للتجار العرب على الصين لتنتعش التبادلات الثقافية والأدبية إلى جانب التجارية بين الجانبين يوما بعد يوم.
Book
The alanyl-tRNA synthetase AARS1 moonlights as a lactyltransferase to promote YAP signaling in gastric cancer
Lactylation has been recently identified as a new type of posttranslational modification occurring widely on lysine residues of both histone and nonhistone proteins. The acetyltransferase p300 is thought to mediate protein lactylation, yet the cellular concentration of the proposed lactyl-donor, lactyl-coenzyme A, is about 1,000 times lower than that of acetyl-CoA, raising the question of whether p300 is a genuine lactyltransferase. Here, we report that alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) moonlights as a bona fide lactyltransferase that directly uses lactate and ATP to catalyze protein lactylation. Among the candidate substrates, we focused on the Hippo pathway, which has a well-established role in tumorigenesis. Specifically, AARS1 was found to sense intracellular lactate and translocate into the nucleus to lactylate and activate the YAP-TEAD complex; and AARS1 itself was identified as a Hippo target gene that forms a positive-feedback loop with YAP-TEAD to promote gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation. Consistently, the expression of AARS1 was found to be upregulated in GC, and elevated AARS1 expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis for patients with GC. Collectively, this work found AARS1 with lactyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo and revealed how the metabolite lactate is translated into a signal of cell proliferation.
Journal Article
A cancer vaccine-mediated postoperative immunotherapy for recurrent and metastatic tumors
Vaccines to induce effective and sustained antitumor immunity have great potential for postoperative cancer therapy. However, a robust cancer vaccine simultaneously eliciting tumor-specific immunity and abolishing immune resistance continues to be a challenge. Here we present a personalized cancer vaccine (PVAX) for postsurgical immunotherapy. PVAX is developed by encapsulating JQ1 (a BRD4 inhibitor) and indocyanine green (ICG) co-loaded tumor cells with a hydrogel matrix. Activation of PVAX by 808 nm NIR laser irradiation significantly inhibits the tumor relapse by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and eliciting tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A mechanical study reveals that NIR light-triggered antigen release and JQ1-mediated PD-L1 checkpoint blockade cumulatively contribute to the satisfied therapeutic effect. Furthermore, PVAX prepared from the autologous tumor cells induces patient-specific memory immune response to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. The PVAX model might provide novel insights for postoperative immunotherapy.
Cancer vaccines represent a promising personalized therapeutic approach to treating cancer. Here, the authors report the efficacy in a metastatic model of a cancer vaccine-mediated postoperative immunotherapy, based on the coencapsulation of the JQ1 and a photosensitizer ICG together with inactivated tumor cells into a hydrogel matrix.
Journal Article
Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization
Background Inflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL‐III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Objective Here, we speculated that ATL‐III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL‐III on SCI in rats and explored the potential mechanism. Methods The protective and anti‐inflammatory effects of ATL‐III on neuronal cells were examined in a rat SCI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglial line. The spinal cord lesion area, myelin integrity, and surviving neurons were assessed by specific staining. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, grid walk test, and footprint test. The activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression of corresponding inflammatory factors from M1/M2 and the activation of relevant signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting. Results ATL‐III effectively improved histological and functional recovery in SCI rats. Furthermore, ATL‐III promoted the transformation of M1 into M2 and attenuated the activation of microglia/macrophages, further suppressing the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation through the NF‐κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways. Conclusion This study reveals a novel effect of ATL‐III in the regulation of microglial/macrophage polarization and provides initial evidence that ATL‐III has potential therapeutic benefits in SCI rats. ATL‐III has potential therapeutic benefits in promoting histological and functional repair in rats after SCI. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibiting neuroinflammation induced by microglial polarization through the NF‐κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways.
Journal Article