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Although recent developments in mobile health have elevated the importance of how smartphones empower individuals to seek health information, research investigating this phenomenon in Asian countries has been rare. The goal of our study was to provide a comprehensive profile of mobile health information seekers and to examine the individual- and country-level digital divide in Asia. With survey data from 10 Asian countries (N=9086), we ran multilevel regression models to assess the effect of sociodemographic factors, technological factors, and country-level disparities on using smartphones to seek health information. Respondents who were women (β=.13, P<.001), parents (β=.16, P<.001), employed (β=.08, P=.002), of higher social status (β=.08, P<.001), and/or from countries with low health expenditures (β=.19, P=.02) were more likely to use smartphones to seek health information. In terms of technological factors, technology innovativeness (β=.10, P<.001) and frequency of smartphone use (β=.42, P<.001) were important factors of health information seeking, whereas the effect of online information quality was marginal (β=-.04, P<.001). Among smartphone users in Asia, health information seeking varies according to individuals' socioeconomic status, their innovativeness toward technology, and their frequency of smartphone use. Although smartphones widen the digital divide among individuals with different socioeconomic status, they also bridge the divide between countries with varying health expenditures. Smartphones appear to be a particularly useful complement to manage health in developing countries.

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) image classification is one of the most important applications in remote sensing. The impressive superpixel generation approaches can improve the efficiency of the subsequent classification task and restrain the influence of the speckle noise to an extent. Most of the classical PolSAR superpixel generation approaches use the features extracted manually and even only consider the pseudocolor images. They do not make full use of polarimetric information and do not necessarily lead to good enough superpixels. The deep learning methods can extract effective deep features but they are difficult to combine with superpixel generation to achieve true end-to-end training. Addressing the above issues, this study proposes an end-to-end fully convolutional superpixel generation network for PolSAR images. It integrates the extraction of polarization information features and the generation of PolSAR superpixels into one step. PolSAR superpixels can be generated based on deep polarization feature extraction and need no traditional clustering process. Both the performance and efficiency of generations of PolSAR superpixels can be enhanced effectively. The experimental results on various PolSAR datasets show that the proposed method can achieve impressive superpixel segmentation by fitting the real boundaries of different types of ground objects effectively and efficiently. It can achieve excellent classification performance by connecting a very simple classification network, which is helpful to improve the efficiency of the subsequent PolSAR image classification tasks.

Cell-to-cell communication via Delta-Notch signaling is widely used in various tissues and organs to regulate development and patterning; however, the mechanisms regulating Notch signaling for precise cell fate decisions remain poorly understood. Similar to mammals, the intestinal stem cells in the adult Drosophila midgut generate both absorptive and secretory cell progeny, guided by differential levels of Notch activation. Here we performed a forward genetic screen in Drosophila and identified glucosylceramide synthase (GlcT), a rate-limiting enzyme for glycosphingolipid (GSL) production, whose mutation causes the development of secretory cell tumors. Genetic analysis of the GSL synthesis pathway, combined with metabolite rescue experiments, revealed that the tumor formation is linked to a deficiency in Mactosylceramide/Lactosylceramide. This deficiency impaired the endocytic recycling of the Delta, subsequently reducing Notch signaling activation. Conditional knockout of Ugcg , the mammalian ortholog of GlcT , in mouse small intestine caused an excessive differentiation of goblet cells, phenotypes similar to these caused by Notch inhibition. Our study suggests an evolutionarily conserved role for a specific GSL metabolite in modulating Notch signaling during stem cell fate decisions and provides a molecular connection between ceramide metabolism and Notch signaling in regulating tissue homeostasis and tumor formation.

The geometric shape of the roof and the opening position are important parameters influencing the internal cross-ventilation of buildings. Although there has been extensive research on natural ventilation, most of it has focused on flat or sloping roofs with the same opening positions. There is still limited research on the impact of different opening positions and sloping roofs on natural ventilation. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the air exchange efficiency (AEE) in general isolated buildings. These buildings encompassed three distinct opening configurations (top–top, top–bottom, and bottom–top) and six varying slope angles for gable roofs (0°, 9°, 18°, 27°, 36°, and 45°). Computational simulations were carried out using the SST k-omega turbulence model, and validation was performed against experimental data supplied by the Japanese AIJ Wind Tunnel Laboratory. Grid independence validation was also conducted to ensure the reliability of the CFD simulation results. The study revealed that the highest AEE was 48.1%, achieved with the top–bottom opening configuration and a gable roof slope angle of 45°. Conversely, the lowest AEE was 31.4%, attained with the bottom–top opening configuration and a gable roof slope angle of 27°. Furthermore, it was observed that when the opening configuration was set to top–top and bottom–top, the slope angle of the gable roof had minimal influence on AEE, with an average AEE of only around 33%. When the opening configuration was top–bottom, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the gable roof slope angle and AEE.

Traditional village residences are an important part of Chinese culture, but with the development of modernization, traditional villages are facing the dilemma of cultural inheritance. In order to protect and inherit traditional villages, this article uses the theory of cultural genes to collect and organize data on traditional village dwellings in Chongqing from multiple dimensions such as history, geography, and society. Cultural genes are classified and encoded to construct a cultural gene map of traditional village dwellings in Chongqing, in order to better understand and inherit the culture of traditional villages and dwellings. In addition, through the establishment of a multidimensional fusion of cultural gene mapping digital paths, we explore archival protection, revitalization, and inheritance methods with high precision and efficiency.

Dislocations significantly influence carrier transport in semiconductors. While segments orthogonal to the channel act as scattering centers impeding conduction, electrically active dislocation cores can facilitate carrier transport. However, the mechanisms governing carrier transport along dislocation cores remain unclear. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence for the separate transport mechanisms of electrons and holes mediated by threading screw dislocations and threading edge dislocations in gallium nitride. Critically, we demonstrate that devices with a higher total dislocation density exhibit less degradation due to current collapse, owing to a larger proportion of edge dislocations mitigating electron trapping caused by screw dislocations. Screw dislocations promote electron leakage via horizontal potential barriers and vertically connected shallow states, while edge dislocations enhance hole transport through extended trap levels interacting with buffer defects. These findings clarify the long-standing debate on carrier-specific dislocation transport mechanisms and offer critical insights for defect engineering, epitaxial growth optimization, and the development of dislocation-enhanced semiconductor devices. Researchers show that two kinds of crystal dislocations in gallium nitride act as distinct path for electrons and holes. The discovery explains leakage and switching losses in GaN power devices and points to defect-guided design strategies.

Different from the state of large-scale energy use and concentrated energy conservation in urban areas, the state of energy use and energy conservation in rural areas has its own characteristics and typical problems. Rural areas have been concentrated on the multiple differences in economic, social, and construction characteristics such as mountain and peace dam topography, natural and artificial construction, developed and underdeveloped, rapid urban development, and relatively backward rural development. It has practical problems that need to be solved urgently, such as the “insufficient savings” in the construction of farmhouses and the “insufficient open source” of clean energy applications. The discussion will be conducted from three aspects: the planning and layout design of rural houses in Chongqing, the performance of the enclosure structure of rural houses in key seasons, and the application of renewable clean energy in rural houses. Then put forward is the energy-saving design path of Chongqing farmhouse. It aims to improve the indoor and outdoor thermal environment of farmhouses, saving heating energy consumption in winter and air-conditioning energy consumption in summer and effectively benefit users to use renewable energy such as biogas, straw, and solar energy. Finally, explore the adaptability between the design methods of farmhouses and the local characteristics of Chongqing’s rural areas. In the work of Chongqing Design Going to the Countryside, we create a contemporary farmhouse case that is not only energy-saving but also has good indoor and outdoor space quality. It also provides a reference for the energy-saving design of farmhouses in Chongqing and other regions in China.

The top-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET) with electric-field induced doping polarity conversion has been demonstrated. The polarity of channel conductance in GFET can be transition from p-type to n-type through altering the gate electric field scanning range. Further analysis indicates that this complementary doping is attributed to the charge exchange between graphene and interface trap sites. The oxygen vacancies in Al2O3filmare are considered to be the origin of the trap sites. The trapping–detrapping process, which may be tuned by the electric field across the metal/oxide/graphene gate stack, could lead to the changing of the intrinsic electric property of graphene. This study promises to produce the complementary p- and n-type GFET for logic applications.

The gate insulator is one of the most crucial factors determining the performance of a graphene field effect transistor (GFET). Good electrostatic control of the conduction channel by gate voltage requires thin gate oxides. Due to the lack of the dangling bond, a seed layer is usually needed for the gate dielectric film grown by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The seed layer leads to the high-quality deposition of dielectric films, but it may lead to a great increase in the thickness of the final dielectric film. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved process, where the self-oxidized Al2O3 seed layer was removed by etching solutions before atomic layer deposition, and the Al2O3 residue would provide nucleation sites on the graphene surface. Benefiting from the decreased thickness of the dielectric film, the transconductance of the GFET using this method as a top-gate dielectric film deposition process shows an average 44.7% increase compared with the GFETs using the standard Al evaporation seed layer methods.

While there is support for regulatory fit theory in predicting the communication effectiveness of promotion-framed and prevention-framed messages in advertisements, it is not certain if the theory can be extended to predict the effectiveness of promotion-oriented and prevention-oriented advertising appeals. This study examines the interplay of regulatory focus as well as the endorsement of collectivism and individualism among adolescents in predicting the perceived effectiveness of promotion-oriented and prevention-oriented public service advertising appeals. Data was collected from a convenience sample of 407 Chinese secondary school students aged 12 to 19 in Hong Kong. Results support the regulatory fit theory. Among the respondents, vertical collectivism was not a significant predictor for the perceived effectiveness of either promotion- or prevention-oriented appeals. Horizontal individualism was a significant predictor for the perceived effectiveness of the loss avoidance PSA appeal. Respondents’ horizontal collectivism scores were positive predictors for the perceived effectiveness of both promotion and prevention-oriented appeals.