Explore the vast range of titles available.

The N−N atropisomer, as an important and intriguing chiral system, was widely present in natural products, pharmaceutical lead compounds, and advanced material skeletons. The anisotropic structural characteristics caused by its special axial rotation have always been one of the challenges that chemists strive to overcome. Herein, we report an efficient method for the enantioselective synthesis of N−N axially chiral frameworks via a cobalt-catalyzed atroposelective C-H activation/annulation process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions by using Co(OAc) 2 ·4H 2 O as the catalyst with a chiral salicyl-oxazoline (Salox) ligand and O 2 as an oxidant, affording a variety of N−N axially chiral products with high yields and enantioselectivities. This protocol provides an efficient approach for the facile construction of N−N atropisomers and further expands the range of of N−N axially chiral derivatives. Additionally, under the conditions of electrocatalysis, the desired N−N axially chiral products were also successfully achieved with good to excellent efficiencies and enantioselectivities. Atropisomers are an important chiral system which are widely present in natural products but atropisomerism bearing a N−N bond remains largely underdeveloped. Here, the authors report an efficient method for the enantioselective synthesis of N−N axially chiral frameworks under mild conditions via a cobalt-catalyzed atroposelective C-H activation/annulation

The understanding of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFK-2/FBPase 3, PFKFB3) has advanced considerably since its initial identification in human macrophages in the mid-1990s. As a vital regulator of glycolysis, accumulating studies have suggested that PFKFB3 is associated with many aspects of cancer, including carcinogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, vessel aggressiveness, drug resistance and tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of PFKFB3 regulation by several signal pathways and its function in cancer development in different cell types in cancer tissues. Ubiquitous PFKFB3 has emerged as a potential target for anti-neoplastic therapy. Cancer: A drug strategy to impede tumor metabolism Targeting an enzyme called 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase 3 (PFKFB3), a key regulator of cellular glycolytic metabolism, could help shrink tumors. In a review article, Weidong Han and colleagues from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, summarize the function of PFKFB3 in tumor metabolism in normal cancer cells, cancer stem cells, endothelial cells and immune cells. The enzyme plays a critical role in controlling glycolysis, the process by which cells break down sugars to make energy. Additionally, PFKFB3 can promote cell growth independent of its effects on glycolysis. To date, one drug company has tested a PFKFB3 inhibitor and observed anti-cancer activity in some patients in early human trials. The authors suggest that anti-PFKFB3 agents may need to be combined with immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy to maximize anti-tumor effects.

This paper analyzes the concept of 3D digital technology first and the characteristics of traditional sculpture creation forms, then expounds the main points that should be paid attention to in the application of 3D digital technology in sculpture creation, and finally makes an in-depth analysis of the advantages of introducing 3D digital technology into sculpture creation, including the improvement of creative thinking and efficiency, unlimited creative space and the ability to convert different creative techniques in the creative process. Based on the development status of sculpture creation in China, this paper explores the application of 3D digital technology in sculpture creation.

The red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) is one of the most economically important farmed aquatic species in China. However, it is also a famous invasive species in the world. This invasive species was dispersed most via human activities including intentional or unintentional carry in China. Thus, P. clarkii naturally distributed in China provides us a desirable mode to investigate the genetic structure of an invasive species dispersed mainly by human-mediated factors. To reveal the impact of human-mediated dispersal on genetic structure of P. clarkii in China, a total of 22,043 genome-wide SNPs were obtained from approximately 7.4 billion raw reads using 2b-RAD technique in this study. An evident pattern of population genetic structure and the asymmetrical migrational rates between different regions were observed with 22 populations based on these SNPs. This study provide a better understanding of the population genetic structure and demographic history of P . clarkii populations in China, inferring that anthropogenic factors (aquaculture or by accident) and ecological factors (e.g., complicated topography and climatic environment), as well as its special biological traits could account for the current population structure pattern and dispersal history of P . clarkii .

Yellow light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 570–590 nm can reduce the excitability of peripheral nerves and the sensitivity of the skin, stimulate collagen synthesis, and tighten the skin, which plays an important role in skin rejuvenation. In general, commercial LEDs are made of phosphor excited by ultraviolet chips. It is very important for the development of yellow light emitters with high luminous efficiency, good stability, and environmental protection. For the first time, a simple organic structural unit (2‐methylimidazole, 2‐MIM) was used to collect a mixture of two metal precursors (CsI and CuI) and successfully synthesized an all‐inorganic lead‐free yellow light CsCu2I3 powder in water. The prepared CsCu2I3 powder exhibited excellent optical properties and considerable stability. Finally, a phosphor‐converted LED (pc‐LED) device was fabricated via the CsCu2I3 phosphor coated on a 310 nm ultraviolet chip. The pc‐LED device's electroluminescence spectra may be a good fit for the blood's absorption regions. Therefore, this work provides a facile method for the synthesis of novel lead‐free metal halide CsCu2I3 powder in eco‐friendly solvents. In addition, the stable and efficient CsCu2I3 powder shows promising exciting potential applications in photoluminescence and phototherapy fields. For the first time, a simple organic structural unit (2‐methylimidazole, 2‐MIM) is used to collect a mixture of two metal precursors (CsI and CuI) and successfully synthesize an all‐inorganic lead‐free yellow light CsCu2I3 powder in water. The stable and efficient CsCu2I3 powder shows promising exciting potential applications in photoluminescence and phototherapy fields.

As an emerging subset of organic complexes, metal complexes have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding structures, properties, and applications. In this content, metal-organic cages (MOCs) with defined shapes and sizes provide internal spaces to isolate water for guest molecules, which can be selectively captured, isolated, and released to achieve control over chemical reactions. Complex supramolecules are constructed by simulating the self-assembly behavior of the molecules or structures in nature. For this purpose, massive amounts of cavity-containing supramolecules, such as metal-organic cages (MOCs), have been extensively explored for a large variety of reactions with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity. Because sunlight and water are necessary for the process of photosynthesis, water-soluble metal-organic cages (WSMOCs) are ideal platforms for photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation by simulating photosynthesis due to their defined sizes, shapes, and high modularization of metal centers and ligands. Therefore, the design and synthesis of WSMOCs with uncommon geometries embedded with functional building units is of immense importance for artificial photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation. In this review, we introduce the general synthetic strategies of WSMOCs and their applications in this sparking field.

Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are useful molecular indicators for organic carbon (OC) sources and the paleoenvironment. Their application in marine environments, however, is complicated because of a mixed terrestrial and marine source. Here, we examined brGDGTs in sediments from the Mariana Trench, the deepest ocean without significant terrestrial influence. Our result shows a strong predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGT (IIIa′) (73.40±2.39 % of total brGDGTs) and an absence of 5-methyl brGDGTs, different from previously reported soils and marine sediments that comprised both 5-methyl and 6-methyl brGDGTs. This unique feature, combined with high δ13COC (-19.82±0.25 %), low OC∕TN ratio (6.72±0.84), low branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index (0.03±0.01), and high acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated brGDGT ratio (7.13±0.98), support that brGDGTs in the Mariana Trench sediments are autochthonous rather than terrestrial products. The compiling of literature data shows that the enhanced fractional abundance of hexamethylated 6-methyl brGDGTs is a common phenomenon in continental margins when the marine influence was intensified. The cross plot of acyclic hexa- ∕ pentamethylated brGDGT ratio and fractional abundance of brGDGT IIIa′ provide a novel approach to distinguish terrestrial and marine-derived brGDGTs.

BackgroundInterleukin-2 (IL-2) serves as a pioneer of immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, there is a considerable proportion of patients who cannot benefit from this therapy due to the limited clinical responses and dose-limiting toxicities. Mounting evidence indicates that commensal microbiota shapes the outcome of cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to investigate the enhancing effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a beneficial commensal microbe receiving considerable attentions, on the antitumor efficacy of IL-2 and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsColorectal carcinoma patient-derived tumor tissues were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment. AKK was orally delivered to B16F10 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice along with systemic IL-2 treatment. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment. The molecular mechanism of the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was explored by RNA-seq and then verified in tumor-bearing mice.ResultsCombined treatment with IL-2 and AKK showed a stronger antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the therapeutic outcome of IL-2 was significantly potentiated by oral administration of AKK in subcutaneous melanoma and colorectal tumor-bearing mice, resulting from the strengthened antitumor immune surveillance. Mechanistically, the antitumor immune response elicited by AKK was partially mediated by Amuc, derived from the outer membrane protein of AKK, through activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway. Besides, oral supplementation with AKK protected gut barrier function and maintained mucosal homeostasis under systemic IL-2 treatment.ConclusionThese findings propose that IL-2 combined with AKK is a novel therapeutic strategy with prospecting application for cancer treatment in clinical practice.

Pears are pome fruits widely cultivated and consumed globally due to their unique taste and flavor. The application of pesticides is a significant practice to combat pear pests and diseases across the world; however, pesticide use during production frequently results in undesirable residues in postharvest pear products, raising concerns about potential health impacts. Thus, the monitoring of pesticide residues (PRs) in pears has always been of great importance. To assess the degree of PRs in pears, sensitive and selective techniques are required to detect them. This review article attempts to provide readers with an overview of analytical methods utilized for the quantitative analysis of PRs in pears. Sample preparation and detection techniques are described and compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures are discussed. Furthermore, this paper elucidates the occurrence characteristics and dissipation patterns of PRs in pears through a comprehensive analysis of global research data on pear crops. In addition, potential trends for future research are presented, with the goal of contributing valuable insights to ongoing studies on PRs in pears and other fruits.

Due to the limited computing power and fast flight speed of the picking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is important to design a quick and accurate detecting algorithm to obtain the fruit position. This paper proposes a lightweight deep learning algorithm, named YOLOv8s-Longan, to improve the detection accuracy and reduce the number of model parameters for fruitpicking UAVs. To make the network lightweight and improve its generalization performance, the Average and Max pooling attention (AMA) attention module is designed and integrated into the DenseAMA and C2f-Faster-AMA modules on the proposed backbone network. To improve the detection accuracy, a crossstage local network structure VOVGSCSPC module is designed, which can help the model better understand the information of the image through multiscale feature fusion and improve the perception and expression ability of the model. Meanwhile, the novel Inner-SIoU loss function is proposed as the loss function of the target bounding box. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good detection ability for densely distributed and mutually occluded longan string fruit under complex backgrounds with a mAP@0.5 of 84.3%. Compared with other YOLOv8 models, the improved model of mAP@0.5 improves by 3.9% and reduces the number of parameters by 20.3%. It satisfies the high accuracy and fast detection requirements for fruit detection in fruit-picking UAV scenarios.