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"Shi, Peng"
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m6A modification–mediated lncRNA TP53TG1 inhibits gastric cancer progression by regulating CIP2A stability
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with various types of cancer. However, the precise roles of many lncRNAs in tumor progression remain unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of the lncRNA TP53TG1 was downregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and it functioned as a tumor suppressor. In addition, low TP53TG1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with GC. TP53TG1 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of GC cells, while it promoted their apoptosis. m6A modification sites are highly abundant on TP53TG1, and demethylase ALKBH5 reduces TP53TG1 stability and downregulates its expression. TP53TG1 interacts with cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) and triggers its ubiquitination‐mediated degradation, resulting in the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results suggest that TP53TG1 plays an important role in inhibiting the progression of GC and provides a crucial target for GC treatment. Reveal the important role of TP53TG1 as a tumor suppressor in inhibiting the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Explore the specific mechanism by which TP53TG1 binds to CIP2A and promotes its ubiquitination, thus inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Discover the new mechanism of TP53TG1 downregulation mediated by m6A methylation modification in GC.
Journal Article
Predictable maternal separation confers adult stress resilience via the medial prefrontal cortex oxytocin signaling pathway in rats
Early-life stress is normally thought of as a major risk for psychiatric disorders, but many researchers have revealed that adversity early in life may enhance stress resilience later in life. Few studies have been performed in rodents to address the possibility that exposure to early-life stress may enhance stress resilience, and the underlying neural mechanisms are far from being understood. Here, we established a “two-hit” stress model in rats by applying two different early-life stress paradigms: predictable and unpredictable maternal separation (MS). Predictable MS during the postnatal period promotes resilience to adult restraint stress, while unpredictable MS increases stress susceptibility. We demonstrate that structural and functional impairments occur in glutamatergic synapses in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats with unpredictable MS but not in rats with predictable MS. Then, we used differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of RNA sequencing data from the adult male PFC to identify a hub gene that is responsible for stress resilience. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone, was the highest ranked differentially expressed gene of these altered genes. Predictable MS increases the expression of oxytocin in the mPFC compared to normal raised and unpredictable MS rats. Conditional knockout of the oxytocin receptor in the mPFC was sufficient to generate excitatory synaptic dysfunction and anxiety behavior in rats with predictable MS, whereas restoration of oxytocin receptor expression in the mPFC modified excitatory synaptic function and anxiety behavior in rats subjected to unpredictable MS. These findings were further supported by the demonstration that blocking oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to the mPFC was sufficient to exacerbate anxiety behavior in rats exposed to predictable MS. Our findings provide direct evidence for the notion that predictable MS promotes stress resilience, while unpredictable MS increases stress susceptibility via mPFC oxytocin signaling in rats.
Journal Article
Optical skyrmions and other topological quasiparticles of light
Skyrmions are topologically stable quasiparticles that have been predicted and demonstrated in quantum fields, solid-state physics and magnetic materials, but only recently observed in electromagnetic fields. Here we review the recent advances in optical skyrmions within a unified topological framework. Starting from fundamental theories and classification of skyrmionic states, we describe generation and topological control of different kinds of skyrmions in evanescent, structured and spatiotemporal optical fields. We further highlight generalized classes of optical topological quasiparticles beyond skyrmions and outline the emerging applications, future trends and open challenges. A complex vectorial field structure of optical quasiparticles with versatile topological characteristics emerges as an important feature in modern spin optics, imaging, metrology, optical forces, structured light, and topological and quantum technologies.
Advances in the understanding of optical skyrmions, within a unified topological framework, are reviewed. The field structure of such optical quasiparticles, and their topological characteristics, may be useful for fields ranging from imaging to quantum technologies.
Journal Article
circRNA_0000140 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis by targeting miR-31 to inhibit Hippo signaling pathway
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a poor prognosis. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial contributor to carcinogenesis. circRNA_0000140 has been aberrantly expressed in OSCC, but its role in tumor growth and metastasis remains largely unclear. Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D, and RNase R treatments were used to confirm head-to-tail junction sequences and the stability of circ_0000140. In vitro cell activities, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, were determined by colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. The expression levels of circ_0000140, Hippo signaling pathway, and serial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Dual luciferase reporter assays and Argonaute 2-RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore the interplay among circ_0000140, miR-31, and LATS2. Subcutaneous tumor growth was observed in nude mice, in which in vivo metastasis was observed following tail vein injection of OSCC cells. circ_0000140 is derived from exons 7 to 10 of the
KIAA0907
gene. It was down-regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and correlated negatively with poor prognostic outcomes in OSCC patients. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that circ_0000140 enhancement suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and facilitated cell apoptosis in vitro. In xenograft mouse models, overexpression of circ_0000140 was able to repress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that circ_0000140 could bind with miR-31 and up-regulate its target gene
LATS2
, thus affecting OSCC cellular EMT. Our findings demonstrated the roles of circ_0000140 in OSCC tumorigenesis as well as in metastasis, and circ_0000140 exerts its tumor-suppressing effect through miR-31/LATS2 axis of Hippo signaling pathway in OSCC.
Journal Article
A survey on Markovian jump systems: Modeling and design
Markovian jump systems are a special class of hybrid and stochastic systems which can be used to describe many real world applications, such as manufacturing systems, power systems, chemical systems, economic systems, communication and control, etc. In this paper, a survey on recent developments of modeling, analysis and design of Markovian jump systems is presented. First, stability issues on Markovian jump systems are addressed. Then a variety of control and filter design methods are systematically recalled. Furthermore, the new trends of Markovian jump systems with uncertain transition rates as well as semi-Markovian jump systems are also discussed.
Journal Article
A defensin-like protein drives cadmium efflux and allocation in rice
Pollution by heavy metals limits the area of land available for cultivation of food crops. A potential solution to this problem might lie in the molecular breeding of food crops for phytoremediation that accumulate toxic metals in straw while producing safe and nutritious grains. Here, we identify a rice quantitative trait locus we name cadmium (Cd) accumulation in leaf 1 (
CAL1
), which encodes a defensin-like protein. CAL1 is expressed preferentially in root exodermis and xylem parenchyma cells. We provide evidence that CAL1 acts by chelating Cd in the cytosol and facilitating Cd secretion to extracellular spaces, hence lowering cytosolic Cd concentration while driving long-distance Cd transport via xylem vessels. CAL1 does not appear to affect Cd accumulation in rice grains or the accumulation of other essential metals, thus providing an efficient molecular tool to breed dual-function rice varieties that produce safe grains while remediating paddy soils.
Crops that allocate heavy metals to leaves rather than grains could allow phytoremediation of polluted soil while producing food that is safe to eat. Here, the authors show that a defensin-like protein promotes cadmium secretion from rice cells and allocation to leaves without causing accumulation in grain.
Journal Article
ATF3 contributes to brucine-triggered glioma cell ferroptosis via promotion of hydrogen peroxide and iron
Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is initiated by ferrous iron and H
2
O
2
via Fenton reaction, in which the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) remains elusive. Brucine is a weak alkaline indole alkaloid extracted from the seeds of
Strychnos nux-vomica
, which has shown potent antitumor activity against various tumors, including glioma. In this study, we showed that brucine inhibited glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which was paralleled by nuclear translocation of ATF3, lipid peroxidation, and increases of iron and H
2
O
2
. Furthermore, brucine-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited or exacerbated when intracellular iron was chelated by deferoxamine (500 μM) or improved by ferric ammonium citrate (500 μM). Suppression of lipid peroxidation with lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 (50 μM) or liproxstatin-1 (30 μM) rescued brucine-induced glioma cell death. Moreover, knockdown of ATF3 prevented brucine-induced accumulation of iron and H
2
O
2
and glioma cell death. We revealed that brucine induced ATF3 upregulation and translocation into nuclei via activation of ER stress. ATF3 promoted brucine-induced H
2
O
2
accumulation via upregulating NOX4 and SOD1 to generate H
2
O
2
on one hand, and downregulating catalase and xCT to prevent H
2
O
2
degradation on the other hand. H
2
O
2
then contributed to brucine-triggered iron increase and transferrin receptor upregulation, as well as lipid peroxidation. This was further verified by treating glioma cells with exogenous H
2
O
2
alone. Moreover, H
2
O
2
reversely exacerbated brucine-induced ER stress. Taken together, ATF3 contributes to brucine-induced glioma cell ferroptosis via increasing H
2
O
2
and iron.
Journal Article
Microporous membrane with ionized sub-nanochannels enabling highly selective monovalent and divalent anion separation
Membranes tailored for selective ion transport represent a promising avenue toward enhancing sustainability across various fields including water treatment, resource recovery, and energy conversion and storage. While nanochannels formed by polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) offer a compelling solution with their uniform and durable nanometer-sized pores, their effectiveness is hindered by limited interactions between ions and nanochannel. Herein, we introduce the randomly twisted V-shaped structure of Tröger’s Base unit and quaternary ammonium groups to construct ionized sub-nanochannel with a window size of 5.89–6.54 Å between anion hydration and Stokes diameter, which enhanced the dehydrated monovalent ion transport. Combining the size sieving and electrostatic interaction effects, sub-nanochannel membranes achieved exceptional ion selectivity of 106 for Cl
-
/CO
3
2-
and 82 for Cl
-
/SO
4
2-
, significantly surpassing the state-of-the-art membranes. This work provides an efficient template for creating functionalized sub-nanometer channels in PIM membranes, and paves the way for the development of precise ion separation applications.
Membranes tailored for selective ion transport represent a promising avenue toward enhancing sustainability across various fields but limited interaction between ions and nanochannels in polymers of intrinsic microporosity hinders their effectiveness. Here, the authors introduce the randomly twisted V-shaped structure of Tröger’s Base unit and quaternary ammonium groups to construct ionized sub-nanochannel membranes and demonstrate the enhanced transport of the dehydrated monovalent ions.
Journal Article