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"Shi, Shi"
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The cultural logic of politics in mainland China and Taiwan
\"This title uses surveys, statistics, and case studies to explain why and how cultural norms affect political attitudes and behavior\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sulfur defect engineering controls Li2S crystal orientation towards dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Controlling nucleation and growth of Li is crucial to avoid dendrite formation for practical applications of lithium metal batteries. Li
2
S has been exemplified to promote Li transport, but its crystal orientation significantly influences the Li deposition behaviors. Here, we investigate the interactions between Li and various surface structures of Li
2
S, and reveal that the Li
2
S(111) plane exhibits the highest Li affinity and the lowest diffusion barrier, leading to dense Li deposition. Using sulfur defect engineering for Li
2
S crystal orientation control, we construct three-dimensional vertically oriented Li
2
S(111)@Cu nanorod arrays as a Li metal electrode substrate and identify a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of the Li
2
S(111)@Cu substrate when paired with two positive electrodes: achieving an initial discharge capacity of 138.8 mAh g
–1
with 88% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 83.5 mA g
–1
with LiFePO
4
, and an initial discharge capacity of 181 mAh g
–1
with 80% capacity retention after 160 cycles at 60 mA g
–1
with commercial LiNi
0.8
Co
0.1
Mn
0.1
O
2
positive electrode (4 mAh cm
–2
).
Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li
2
S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.
Journal Article
Rising inequality in China : challenges to a harmonious society
\"Examines the evolution of economic inequality in China from 2002 to 2007; a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (Cambridge University Press, 2008)\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Catalytic asymmetric hydroamination of unactivated internal olefins to aliphatic amines
Catalytic assembly of enantiopure aliphatic amines from abundant and readily available precursors has long been recognized as a paramount challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we describe a mild and general copper-catalyzed hydroamination that effectively converts unactivated internal olefins—an important yet unexploited class of abundant feedstock chemicals—into highly enantioenriched α-branched amines (≥96% enantiomeric excess) featuring two minimally differentiated aliphatic substituents. This method provides a powerful means to access a broad range of advanced, highly functionalized enantioenriched amines of interest in pharmaceutical research and other areas.
Journal Article
PIK3CA mutations confer resistance to first-line chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Chemotherapy represents an important treatment option for colorectal cancer (CRC), but only half of the patients benefit from these regimens. We explored the potential predicting value and mechanism of PIK3CA mutation in CRC chemotherapy. CRC specimens from 440 patients were retrospectively collected and examined with a fluorescence PCR-based method. The correlation of first-line chemotherapy response and PIK3CA mutation was evaluated according to follow-up and medical records. The underlying mechanism of PIK3CA mutation in chemotherapy resistance was assessed with CRC tumors and primary cells. The mutation frequency of the
PIK3CA
gene in CRC patients was 9.55%, which was correlated with late TNM staging and lower histological grade. The CRC patients with
PIK3A
mutation showed worse response to first-line chemotherapy than those without
PIK3CA
mutation. PIK3A mutation tumor cells showed poor sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. PIK3CA mutation induced PI3K/Akt signaling activation to increase LGR5
+
CRC stem cells survival and proliferation, from which lead to chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore,
PIK3CA
mutation
/LGR5
+
expression was an independent detrimental factor for CRC patients. Our findings indicated that PIK3CA mutation induced PI3K/Akt activation contributed to CRC stem cells survival and proliferation, from which cells further resistance to chemotherapy. PIK3CA
mutation
/LGR5
+
expression was a potential biomarker for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in CRC.
Journal Article
China's rural industrialization policy : growing under orders since 1949
A comprehensive study of the special pattern of China's industrialization and economic development through the analysis of approximately one hundred policies, covering the historical period of new China since 1949. Issues examined include how China dealt with the five principal conflicts in rural industrialization, those between rural and state-owned industry, rural industry and agriculture, rural collective and private industry, rural and urban population and rural and urban economy. Looking to the policies implemented, this volume addresses what Chinese characteristics are, why rural people in China are so poor and why the \"miracle\" of China's rural industry occurred.
Book
Enterprise digital transformation and production efficiency: mechanism analysis and empirical research
In the post-industrial period, traditional Chinese enterprises are facing the awkward situation of being 'big but not strong', with their core technologies being controlled by others. The digital transformation of enterprises has not only reshaped business models and industrial boundaries, but also boosted the high-quality development of China's economy. This paper reviews the existing literature and discovers that digital technology promotes enterprise production efficiency through cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and innovation. Based on the data of listed manufacturing companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2009 to 2017, this paper constructs a differences in differences (DID) model to empirically study the relationship between digital transformation and production efficiency. The results revealed that the implementation of digital transformation plays a significant role in promoting economic benefits and the results of the lag regression method are still robust. Based on this, combined with the actual situation of Chinese enterprises, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of enterprise digital transformation. The conclusion is of great significance for Chinese enterprises to occupy a dominant position in the new wave of global industrial revolution.
Journal Article
Copper-catalysed selective hydroamination reactions of alkynes
The development of selective reactions that utilize easily available and abundant precursors for the efficient synthesis of amines is a long-standing goal of chemical research. Despite the centrality of amines in a number of important research areas, including medicinal chemistry, total synthesis and materials science, a general, selective and step-efficient synthesis of amines is still needed. Here, we describe a set of mild catalytic conditions utilizing a single copper-based catalyst that enables the direct preparation of three distinct and important amine classes (enamines, α-chiral branched alkylamines and linear alkylamines) from readily available alkyne starting materials with high levels of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. This methodology was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of rivastigmine and the formal synthesis of several other pharmaceutical agents, including duloxetine, atomoxetine, fluoxetine and tolterodine.
Amines are essential in a number of research areas, but a general, selective and step-efficient synthesis has been elusive. Now, the use of a single copper catalyst to transform alkynes into enamines, α-chiral branched alkylamines, and linear alkylamines is described. These transformations have been applied in the preparation of a selection of current pharmaceutical agents.
Journal Article