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"Shi, Wen‐Qing"
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حكايات الطائر الأزرق : عن المختبئين في زوايا التاريخ وعلاقتهم السرية
إنه ليس تاريخا فحسب، بل حياة أيضا تفاصيل التاريخ شكل الحاضر وتكونة سرا، أراها في ابتسامه في كأس من النبيذ رائحة العشب في منتصف الليل علامات المطر على النوافذ الزجاجية. إنها ندبة طويلة ورفيعة نغمة، ضوء يومض كعينين في الظلام كل هذه الأشياء لا تزال مفعمة وتجعل الحياة حقيقة ذات مغزى في هذا الكتاب ينتقي لي جينغ تزه بعضا من النصوص التاريخية ويجمع حولها القرائن، وينسخ صورة متعددة الطبقات للماضي يحاول العثور على هؤلاء المختئبين في زوايا التاريخ وعلاقاتهم السرية، ومن مروا بالحضارة بين الشرق والغرب وطبعت آثارهم في الظل والماء يلتقط طرفا واهنا من خيط بلون الزمن فيغزله بكلماته وينفخ فيه من أدبه فيدفعك للتفكيرعما وراء هذا الخيط تماما كما يضع عينك على ثقب في باب يفضلك عن عالم متكامل لم تره، أو كنت تحسبه غير موجود فالسمكة التي تخيلها المصريون تحمل أرض مصر ليست من المعنية بذاتها، بل براعة المصريين في الصمت وفى ثقل الكلمة ومسؤوليتها، وفي حق الكلمة وواجبها.
Book
Effect of potassium fertilization on storage root number, yield, and appearance quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Increasing storage root number is a pivotal approach to enhance both storage root (SR) yield and appearance quality of sweet potato. Here, 2-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of 0 (K0), 120 (K1), 240 (K2), and 360 (K3) kg ha −1 potassium fertilizer (K 2 O) on lignin metabolism, root growth, storage root yield, and uniformity. The results demonstrated that potassium (K) application led to a decrease in the activities of key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis, including phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4-CL), cinnamic acid dehydrogenase (CAD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD). This resulted in a significant reduction in lignin and G-type lignin contents in potential SRs compared to K0 treatment within 10–30 days after planting (DAP). BJ553 exhibited a significant decrease in PAL activity, as well as lignin and G-type contents at 10 DAP, whereas YS25 showed delayed effects until 20 DAP. However, the number and distribution of secondary xylem conduits as well as the mid-column diameter area in roots were increased in K2 treatment. Interestingly, K2 treatment exhibited significantly larger potential SR diameter than other treatments at 15, 20, and 25 DAP. At harvest, K2 treatment increased the SR number, the single SR weight, and overall yield greatly compared with K0 treatment, with an average increase of 19.12%, 16.54%, and 16.92% respectively. The increase of SR number in BJ553 was higher than that of YS25. Furthermore, K2 treatment exhibited the lowest coefficient of variation for both SR length and diameter, indicating a higher yield of middle-sized SRs. In general, appropriate potassium application could effectively suppress lignin biosynthesis, leading to a reduction in the degree of pericycle lignification in potential SRs. This promotes an increase in the number of storage roots and ultimately enhances both yield and appearance quality of sweet potato. The effect of potassium fertilizer on lignin metabolism in BJ553 roots was earlier and resulted in a greater increase in the SR number compared to YS25.
Journal Article
Gray matter volume alterations in patients with strabismus and amblyopia: voxel-based morphometry study
This study proposes the use of the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique to investigate structural alterations of the cerebral cortex in patients with strabismus and amblyopia (SA). Sixteen patients with SA and sixteen healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Original whole brain images were analyzed using the VBM method. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between mean gray matter volume (GMV) and clinical manifestations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to classify the mean GMV values of the SA group and HCs. Compared with the HCs, GMV values in the SA group showed a significant difference in the right superior temporal gyrus, posterior and anterior lobes of the cerebellum, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. The mean GMV value in the right superior temporal gyrus, posterior and anterior lobes of the cerebellum, and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with the angle of strabismus. The ROC curve analysis of each cerebral region confirmed the accuracy of the area under the curve. Patients with SA have reduced GMV values in some brain regions. These findings might help to reveal the potential pathogenesis of SA and its relationship with the atrophy of specific regions of the brain.
Journal Article
Altered spontaneous activity in the frontal gyrus in dry eye: a resting-state functional MRI study
This study investigated neurologic changes in patients with dry eye (DE) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to used regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis to clarify the relationship between these changes and clinical features of DE. A total of 28 patients with DE and 28 matched healthy control (HC) subjects (10 males and 18 females in each group) were enrolled. fMRI scans were performed in both groups. We carried out ReHo analysis to assess differences in neural activity between the 2 groups, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of ReHo values of specific brain areas in distinguishing DE patients from HCs. The relationship between average ReHo values and clinical characteristics was assessed by correlation analysis. ReHo values of the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were significantly lower in DE patients compared to HCs. The ROC analysis showed that ReHo value had high accuracy in distinguishing between DE patients and HCs (P < 0.0001). The ReHo values of the middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus were correlated to disease duration (P < 0.05). Symptoms of ocular surface injury in DE patients are associated with dysfunction in specific brain regions, which may underlie the cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and depressive mood observed in DE patients. The decreased ReHo values of some brain gyri in this study may provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and determination of treatment efficacy.
Journal Article
Spontaneous changes in brain network centrality in patients with pathological myopia: A voxel‐wise degree centrality analysis
Background Myopia has become a worldwide problem that endangers public health and adds a serious socioeconomic burden. Current research has focused on the pathogenesis and manifestations of pathological myopia (PM). However, few studies have been conducted on the spontaneous activity of the patient's brain. Purpose To study the potential brain network activity in patients with PM by the degree centrality (DC) method. Materials and Methods This experiment included 15 PM patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs). Every participant experienced a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) scan. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to distinguish between PM patients and HCs. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between mean DC values and clinical performance in different brain regions. Results It showed that patients with PM had lower DC values in the right fusiform gyrus (FR) and right cingulate (CAR). The ROC curve was used to indicate the accuracy of the correlation. It showed that in PM group, left best corrected visual acuity (BCVA‐L) and right best corrected visual acuity (BCVA‐R) were negatively correlated with the DC value of FR. Conclusion The occurrence of PM is mainly related to the abnormal activity of the fusiform and cingulum. DC value might be used as a biological marker of abnormal brain activity in PM patients. The occurrence of pathological myopia (PM) is mainly related to the abnormal activity of the fusiform and cingulum. Degree centrality value might be used as a biological marker of abnormal brain activity in PM patients.
Journal Article
Retinal microvasculature and conjunctival vessel alterations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-an optical coherence tomography angiography study
Purpose: To evaluate the conjunctival and fundus retinal vessel density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the relationship between vessel density and clinical indicators. Methods: Twelve patients with SLE (24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA was used to examine the superficial retina layer (SRL) and deep retina layer (DRL) in the macular retina and conjunctival capillary plexus of each eye. We calculated the density of the temporal conjunctival vessels, fundus microvascular (MIR), macrovascular (MAR) and total MIR(TMI) and compared the results in both groups. We used annular partitioning (C1–C6), hemispheric quadrants, and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study partitioning (ETDRS) to analyze changes in the retinal vascular density. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between blood capillary density and clinical indicators. Results: OCTA results showed significant differences in the conjunctival microvascular density ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MIR, TMI, and MAR in the superficial layers between the SLE and healthy group ( p > 0.05). The DRL and DTMI (Deeper TMI) densities were decreased in the macular regions of SLE patients ( p < 0.05). In the hemispheric segmentation analysis, the superficial MIR was significantly decreased in the IL (inferior left) region of the SLE patients ( p < 0.05), and the deep MIR in the IR (inferior right) region was significantly reduced ( p < 0.05). In the ETDRS partitioning analysis, the superficial MIR in the inferior, right, and left subdivisions was significantly decreased in the SLE patients ( p < 0.05). In the circular segmentation analysis, the deep MIR in the C1 and C3 regions was significantly reduced in SLE patients ( p < 0.05), while the superficial MIR density was decreased only in the C3 region ( p < 0.05). The conjunctival vascular density was negatively correlated with the STMI (Superficial TMI) ( r = −0.5107; p = 0.0108) and DTMI ( r = −0.9418, p < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between vascular density and SLEDAI-2k (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index−2000) ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Clinically, patients with SLE and patients suspected of SLE should receive OCTA examination in a comprehensive eye examination to detect changes in ocular microcirculation at an early stage.
Journal Article
Functional connectivity density alterations in children with strabismus and amblyopia based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Purpose
To explore functional connectivity density (FCD) values of brain areas in children with strabismus and amblyopia (SA) based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals.
Methods
This study recruited 26 children (14 male, 12 females) with SA and 26 healthy children (14 male, 12 female) as healthy controls (HCs). Both groups matched in age, gender, educational level and socioeconomic background. While resting, all participants underwent fMRI scanning and global FCD (gFCD) and local FCD (lFCD) values were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to investigate whether there was a significant difference between children with SA and healthy controls.
Results
When compared with healthy controls, children with SA had significantly lower gFCD values in the right cerebellum, left putamen, and right superior frontal gyrus; however, the same metrics showed opposite changes in the right angular gyrus, left middle cingulate gyrus, left angular gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. In children with SA, lFCD values were found to be remarkably decreased in regions of the middle right temporal pole, right cerebellum, left putamen, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, left thalamus, left cerebellum; values were increased in the right superior parietal gyrus as compared with healthy controls.
Conclusion
We noted abnormal neural connectivity in some brain areas of children with SA; detailing such connectivity aberrations is useful in exploring the pathophysiology of SA and providing useful information for future clinical management.
Journal Article
Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with strabismic amblyopia: a resting-state fMRI study using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that strabismus amblyopia can result in markedly brain function alterations. However, the differences in spontaneous brain activities of strabismus amblyopia (SA) patients still remain unclear. Therefore, the current study intended to employthe voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to investigate the intrinsic brain activity changes in SA patients.
Purpose
To investigate the changes in cerebral hemispheric functional connections in patients with SA and their relationship with clinical manifestations using the VMHC method.
Material and methods
In the present study, a total of 17 patients with SA (eight males and nine females) and 17 age- and weight-matched healthy control (HC) groups were enrolled. Based on the VMHC method, all subjects were examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The functional interaction between cerebral hemispheres was directly evaluated. The Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the clinical features of patients with SA. In addition, their mean VMHC signal values and the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to distinguish patients with SA and HC groups.
Results
Compared with HC group, patients with SA had higher VMHC values in bilateral cingulum ant, caudate, hippocampus, and cerebellum crus 1. Moreover, the VMHC values of some regions were positively correlated with some clinical manifestations. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves presented higher diagnostic value in these areas.
Conclusion
SA subjects showed abnormal brain interhemispheric functional connectivity in visual pathways, which might give some instructive information for understanding the neurological mechanisms of SA patients.
Journal Article
Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in strabismus with amblyopia patients using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state fMRI study
Previous studies have demonstrated that strabismus or amblyopia can result in markedly brain function and anatomical alterations. However, the differences in spontaneous brain activities of strabismus with amblyopia (SA) patients still remain unclear. This current study intended to use the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique to investigate the intrinsic brain activity changes in SA subjects.
A total of 16 patients with SA (6 males and 10 females) and 16 healthy controls (HCs; 6 males and 10 females) similarly matched in age, gender, and education status were recruited and examined with the resting-state functional MRI. The spontaneous brain activity changes were investigated using the ALFF technique. The receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to classify the mean ALFF signal values of the SA patients from HCs. The correlations between the ALFF values of distinct brain regions and the clinical manifestations in SA patients were evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation analysis.
Compared with HCs, SA patients had significantly decreased ALFF in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral thalamus. In contrast, SA patients showed increased ALFF values in the right superior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left cuneus, and bilateral precentral gyrus. Nonetheless, there was no linear correlation between the mean ALFF values in brain regions and clinical features.
Diverse brain regions including vision-related and motion-related areas exhibited aberrant intrinsic brain activity patterns, which imply the neuropathologic mechanisms of oculomotor disorder and vision deficit in the SA patients.
Journal Article