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The fault-crossing tunnel in high geothermal areas can be severely damaged under strong earthquake. In this paper, numerical models were established in Flac 3d to investigate the thermal insulation and seismic effects under the strong earthquake when using highly damped composite structure. The results showed that the thermal insulation effect of the PC, the PC highly damped composite structure and the SFRC highly damped composite structure were almost the same, which the PC highly damped composite structure was slightly better. After applying the highly damped composite structure, the maximum and minimum principal stresses on the lining decreased, it showed that highly damped composite structure could enhance the seismic effect of tunnel. The safety factor of SFRC highly damped composite structure was 2.420, which was a 28.14% increase compared to PC. Based on numerical simulations, the thermal insulation and seismic effect of SFRC highly damped composite structure was better than other seismic measures. The research can provide a reference for the design of thermal insulation and anti-earthquake for fault-crossing tunnel under strong earthquake in high geothermal area.

Background Maternal morbidity and mortality, encompassing pregnancy-related complications and obstetric disorders, pose a persistent global health challenge with significant multigenerational consequences. As the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among women of reproductive age globally, these conditions exert profound impacts on perinatal outcomes and intergenerational health equity. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), recognized as the most comprehensive epidemiological surveillance system, provides critical evidence for optimizing maternal health policies through systematic quantification of disease burden patterns. This multinational study employs GBD 2021 data to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of maternal disorder burden across 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, utilizing standardized metrics including DALYs, prevalence rates, and mortality incidence. Methods This population-based multinational investigation employed systematically collected epidemiological evidence from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, with data acquisition was conducted through the standardized Global Health Data Exchange platform ( https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.GBD Results Tool; data retrieval date: November 11, 2024). We systematically analyzed temporal trends in maternal disorder burden from 1990 to 2021 using a standardized analytical framework stratified across three dimensions: age cohorts (10–54 years), 21 GBD-defined geographical regions, and socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles—a composite metric integrating income, education, and fertility rates. The burden quantification employed five core metrics: (1) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): Integrating years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). (2) Mortality counts: Absolute maternal deaths by etiology. (3) Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). (4) Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). (5) Age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR): Adjusted using the GBD reference population structure. All estimates reported with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) derived from 1,000 Bayesian posterior draws. Results Quantitative analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset reveals significant advancements in maternal health metrics. Between 1990 and 2021, maternal mortality decreased by 60% (age-standardized mortality rate [ASMR]: 12.45 to 4.87 per 100,000), with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) declining by 43.5% (age-standardized DALY rate [ASDR]: 780.8 to 315.3 per 100,000). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for mortality (-3.1%, 95% CI: -3.2 to -2.99) and DALYs (-3.0%, 95% CI: -3.1 to -2.89) underscores sustained global progress. Maternal abortion and miscarriage (-4.67% EAPC), Maternal hemorrhage (-4.06% EAPC), and Maternal obstructed labor and uterine rupture (-3.68% EAPC) drove maternal mortality reductions. Maternal mortality peaked at ages 20–24 globally, with variations in high-income regions (peaks at 25–34 years). Hemorrhage dominated in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas high-income regions prioritized hypertensive disorder management. The highest maternal mortality remained in low-SDI regions, with a substantial 63% decrease (51.85 to 19.44 per 100,000), while high-SDI regions showed minimal changes. Disease burden from hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and abortion declined significantly, while ectopic pregnancy saw stagnation. Regional trends revealed substantial improvements in Southern Asia, while Sub-Saharan Africa remained challenged. Conclusions The significant decline in global maternal mortality and DALYs over the past three decades highlights the progress made in improving maternal health. However, the persistent disparities across regions and SDI levels underscore the need for targeted interventions. The findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring of maternal health indicators to guide policy and resource allocation. Strengthening the healthcare systems, particularly in low-SDI regions, is crucial to further reduce the burden of maternal disorders.

Background Up to now, a number of studies have explored the influence of blastocyst biopsy on maternal and neonatal outcomes, and the results have been somewhat inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether blastocyst biopsy is associated with an elevated risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and other adverse perinatal outcomes during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in singleton live births resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in women aged ≤ 35 years. Methods A total of 1,008 women were involved in this study from January 2020 to June 2022, who underwent ICSI cycles and received single FET, leading to the birth of a live singleton newborn. The study population were categorized into two groups: the preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) group, comprising 269 women whose blastocysts underwent trophectoderm biopsy, and the control group, consisting of 739 women whose blastocysts did not undergo biopsy. The primary outcome assessed in this study was HDP. Additionally, various relevant perinatal outcomes related to both maternal and neonatal health were also evaluated. Results In comparison to the control group, notable disparities were observed between the groups in relation to infertility duration, EMT, infertility type, infertility cause and endometrial preparation protocol ( P  < 0.05, for all). The percentage of female gender significantly increased in the PGT group in comparison with the control group ( P  < 0.05). However, the risk of HDP, other maternal and neonatal outcomes exhibited comparable results between the two groups ( P  > 0.05, for all). Moreover, univariate regression analyses further revealed that PGT had no influence on maternal and neonatal outcomes, except for gender (aOR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03–2.01; P  = 0.031). Conclusions In the short-term perspective, it could be inferred that blastocyst biopsy may not increase the risks associated with HDP or other unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, despite the limited sample size, our findings may not be applicable to those aged 35 or over; therefore, larger cohort studies are imperative for the validation of our results.

Water inrush through karst collapse column is one of the great disasters which threaten coal mine safety production. The particle size distribution of karst collapse column is one of its most basic physical properties, which has a strong correlation with particle migration, and is an important basis for evaluating the water inrush risk of collapse column. The nonlinear flow tests of broken rock under different gradation conditions were carried out by a custom-built apparatus, and the relationship equation between nonlinear flow parameters (permeability and non-Darcy factor) and Talbol power exponent n were constructed. A nonlinear flow model with variable mass of water inrush from karst collapse column was established. The spatio-temporal evolution law of pressure, velocity, porosity and concentration under particle loss and the influence of particle gradation on the water inrush risk of karst collapse column at Fan gezhuang mine were discussed. During the water inrush, the flow state of fluids in karst collapse column gradually transitions from a weak inertial flow to a strong one, eventually becoming a turbulent flow. The flow model based on single flow state cannot reflect the essence of flow regime transition in water inrush. The larger n is, the stronger the water permeability of the karst collapse column, the faster the particles migrate and are lost, the faster the flow channel with high porosity develops, the shorter the time for the water inflow to reach its peak value, and the greater the risk of water inrush.

Artificial visual system empowered by 2D materials-based hardware simulates the functionalities of the human visual system, leading the forefront of artificial intelligence vision. However, retina-mimicked hardware that has not yet fully emulated the neural circuits of visual pathways is restricted from realizing more complex and special functions. In this work, we proposed a human visual pathway-replicated hardware that consists of crossbar arrays with split floating gate 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) unit devices that simulate the retina and visual cortex, and related connective peripheral circuits that replicate connectomics between the retina and visual cortex. This hardware experimentally displays advanced multi-functions of red–green color-blindness processing, low-power shape recognition, and self-driven motion tracking, promoting the development of machine vision, driverless technology, brain–computer interfaces, and intelligent robotics. Realizing complex functions in artificial visual systems is challenging. Here, the authors report a human visual pathway-replicated hardware with a split floating gate crossbar arrays and related peripheral circuits, achieving colour-blindness processing, shape recognition, and self-driven motion tracking.

The exchange bias (EB) effect plays an undisputed role in the development of highly sensitive, robust, and high-density spintronic devices in magnetic data storage. However, the weak EB field, low blocking temperature, as well as the lack of modulation methods, seriously limit the application of EB in van der Waals (vdW) spintronic devices. Here, we utilized pressure engineering to tune the vdW spacing of the two-dimensional (2D) FePSe 3 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 heterostructures. The EB field ( H EB , from 29.2 mT to 111.2 mT) and blocking temperature ( T b , from 20 K to 110 K) are significantly enhanced, and a highly sensitive and robust spin valve is demonstrated. Interestingly, this enhancement of the EB effect was extended to exposed Fe 3 GeTe 2 , due to the single-domain nature of Fe 3 GeTe 2 . Our findings provide opportunities for the producing, exploring, and tuning of magnetic vdW heterostructures with strong interlayer coupling, thereby enabling customized 2D spintronic devices in the future. When an antiferromagnet is in close proximity to a ferromagnet, the antiferromagnet pins the spins of the ferromagnet, resulting in an exchange bias effect. This effect has been instrumental in the development of a variety of spintronic devices. Here, Haung et al. u s e pressure to tune the exchange bias effect in all van der Waals heterostructure composed of FePSe 3 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 .

Influenza virus is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease that causes seasonal outbreaks each year and unpredictable pandemics occasionally with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Besides the limited effect of vaccines, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against all flu strains. Currently, there are two classes of antiviral drugs available that are chemosynthetic and approved against influenza A virus for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, but the appearance of drug-resistant virus strains is a serious issue that strikes at the core of influenza control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs. Many reports have shown that the development of novel bioactive plant extracts and microbial extracts has significant advantages in influenza treatment. This paper comprehensively reviews the development and effects of chemosynthetic drugs, plant extracts, and microbial extracts with influenza antiviral activity, hoping to provide some references for novel antiviral drug design and promising alternative candidates for further anti-influenza drug development.

Macrophages are involved in tissue homeostasis and are critical for innate immune responses, yet distinct macrophage populations in different tissues exhibit diverse gene expression patterns and biological processes. While tissue-specific macrophage epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles have been reported, proteomes of different macrophage populations remain poorly characterized. Here we use mass spectrometry and bulk RNA sequencing to assess the proteomic and transcriptomic patterns, respectively, of 10 primary macrophage populations from seven mouse tissues, bone marrow-derived macrophages and the cell line RAW264.7. The results show distinct proteomic landscape and protein copy numbers between tissue-resident and recruited macrophages. Construction of a hierarchical regulatory network finds cell-type-specific transcription factors of macrophages serving as hubs for denoting tissue and functional identity of individual macrophage subsets. Finally, Il18 is validated to be essential in distinguishing molecular signatures and cellular function features between tissue-resident and recruited macrophages in the lung and liver. In summary, these deposited datasets and our open proteome server ( http://macrophage.mouseprotein.cn ) integrating all information will provide a valuable resource for future functional and mechanistic studies of mouse macrophages. Macrophage is located in different tissue to serve diverse functions. Here the authors use mass spectrometry and bulk RNA-sequencing to profile 11 mouse macrophage populations from 8 tissues, and combine their de novo data with public datasets to report an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic landscape of mouse macrophage as a valuable resource.

Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) is an essential autophagy effector enzyme. Although it is well known that autophagy plays crucial roles in the infections with various viruses including influenza A virus (IAV), function and underlying mechanism of ATG7 in infection and pathogenesis of IAV remain poorly understood. Here, in vitro studies showed that ATG7 had profound effects on replication of IAV. Depletion of ATG7 markedly attenuated the replication of IAV, whereas overexpression of ATG7 facilitated the viral replication. ATG7 conditional knockout mice were further employed and exhibited significantly resistant to viral infections, as evidenced by a lower degree of tissue injury, slower body weight loss, and better survival, than the wild type animals challenged with either IAV (RNA virus) or pseudorabies virus (DNA virus). Interestingly, we found that ATG7 promoted the replication of IAV in autophagy-dependent and -independent manners, as inhibition of autophagy failed to completely block the upregulation of IAV replication by ATG7. To determine the autophagy-independent mechanism, transcriptome analysis was utilized and demonstrated that ATG7 restrained the production of interferons (IFNs). Loss of ATG7 obviously enhanced the expression of type I and III IFNs in ATG7-depleted cells and mice, whereas overexpression of ATG7 impaired the interferon response to IAV infection. Consistently, our experiments demonstrated that ATG7 significantly suppressed IRF3 activation during the IAV infection. Furthermore, we identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAPLINC as a critical regulator involved in the promotion of IAV replication by ATG7. Importantly, both inactivation of IRF3 and inhibition of IFN response caused by ATG7 were mediated through control over GAPLINC expression, suggesting that GAPLINC contributes to the suppression of antiviral immunity by ATG7. Together, these results uncover an autophagy-independent mechanism by which ATG7 suppresses host innate immunity and establish a critical role for ATG7/GAPLINC/IRF3 axis in regulating IAV infection and pathogenesis.

A large number of statistics indicate that broken rock mass always transforms into a flowing channel and leads to water inrush disasters in mining engineering, such as fault, karst, and strongly weathered rock mass. During the process of water inrush, the structure of the broken rock mass is constantly changing due to seepage erosion under high-velocity flow. Therefore, it is of vital importance to quantitatively evaluate the flow behavior of the water inrush related to the seepage erosion in order to prevent or reduce the risks. This study described a coupled nonlinear flow model, which couples the high-velocity seepage, the small particle migration, and the evolution of the broken rock mass structure. The model was verified firstly for simulation of nonlinear flow behavior by comparing with the traditional one. Then, the proposed model was used to simulate the evolution of particle migration and seepage properties of the water inrush through broken rock mass by a numerical case. The simulation results generally agree well with the existing experimental results. The simulations indicate that small particle migration causes the unstable characteristics of the seepage and the heterogeneity properties of the broken rock mass, which lead to the nonlinear flow behavior of the water inrush in both time and space. From a different perspective, it also indicates that the proposed model is capable of simulating the interaction of high-velocity seepage, small particle migration, and evolution of broken rock mass structure in the process of water inrush.