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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Previous studies have validated the prognostic significance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with certain solid tumors. However, the relationship between the PLR and prognosis in myeloma patients has not been clearly demonstrated. In our study, we included 122 newly diagnosed MM patients who were treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy. These patients were divided into low-PLR and high-PLR groups based on their initial PLR values. We compared the clinical characteristics between the two groups and utilized restricted cubic splines (RCSs) in the regression model to estimate the nonlinear relationship between the initial PLR and overall survival (OS) in MM patients. The results showed that patients in the low-PLR group had significantly worse OS (P = 0.00031) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.0001) compared to those in the high-PLR group. Furthermore, within the higher-risk MM group, a low PLR was also associated with worse OS (P = 0.0037) and PFS (P = 0.0048). Therefore, a low PLR was identified as an independent predictor of poor OS in MM patients. The RCS curves further confirmed a significant nonlinear relationship between the PLR and OS in patients with MM. The PLR may serve as a significant independent prognostic indicator for MM patients undergoing bortezomib-based chemotherapy, and there exists a crucial nonlinear relationship between the PLR and OS in these patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegeneration disease worldwide. Necroptosis, which is a new form of programmed cell death with high relationship with inflammation, plays a vital role in the progression of PD. However, the key necroptosis related genes in PD are not fully elucidated. Identification of key necroptosis-related genes in PD. The PD associated datasets and necroptosis related genes were downloaded from the GEO Database and GeneCards platform, respectively. The DEGs associated with necroptosis in PD were obtained by gap analysis, and followed by cluster analysis, enrichment analysis and WGCNA analysis. Moreover, the key necroptosis related genes were generated by PPI network analysis and their relationship by spearman correlation analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was used for explore the immune state of PD brain accompanied with the expression levels of these genes in various types of immune cells. Finally, the gene expression levels of these key necroptosis related genes were validated by an external dataset, blood samples from PD patients and toxin-induced PD cell model using real-time PCR analysis. Twelve key necroptosis-related genes including ASGR2, CCNA1, FGF10, FGF19, HJURP, NTF3, OIP5, RRM2, SLC22A1, SLC28A3, WNT1 and WNT10B were identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis of PD related dataset GSE7621. According to the correlation analysis of these genes, RRM2 and WNT1 were positively and negatively correlated with SLC22A1 respectively, while WNT10B was positively correlated with both OIF5 and FGF19. As the results from immune infiltration analysis, M2 macrophage was the highest population of immune cell in analyzed PD brain samples. Moreover, we found that 3 genes (CCNA1, OIP5 and WNT10B) and 9 genes (ASGR2, FGF10, FGF19, HJURP, NTF3, RRM2, SLC22A1, SLC28A3 and WNT1) were down- and up- regulated in an external dataset GSE20141, respectively. All the mRNA expression levels of these 12 genes were obviously upregulated in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell PD model while CCNA1 and OIP5 were up- and down- regulated, respectively, in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PD patients. Necroptosis and its associated inflammation play fundamental roles in the progression of PD and these identified 12 key genes might be served as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PD.

This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between multiple blood amino acids (BAAs) and the Parkinson’s disease (PD). We downloaded genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for BAAs and PD from the OpenGWAS database, screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the data, and evaluated the causal relationship between BAA levels and PD using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted. After SNP screening, three amino acid indicators were identified: met-a-308 (phenylalanine), met-a-584 (X-12100 hydroxytryptophan), and met-a-337 (5-hydroxyproline), which showed significant causal relationship with the occurrence of PD. There was no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, and the results were stable. The multivariate MR analysis showed that the mediating effects generated by the introduction of multiple variables were not significant. In conclusion, phenylalanine, X-12,100 hydroxytryptophan, and 5-hydroxyproline have a causal relationship with the occurrence of PD and may be potential early screening biomarkers and blocking targets.

Background In multiple myeloma, progression within 24 months (POD24) is a strong adverse prognostic factor. However, its impact on overall survival (OS) remains underexplored through machine learning. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data from 155 patients and divided them into POD24 and non-POD24 groups. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, univariate Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression. We further evaluated the effect of these variables on overall survival using ten machine-learning algorithms. Results KM and Cox regression analyses revealed significantly poorer OS in the POD24 group ( p  < 0.001). Among machine learning models, ANN achieved the best performance in the test set. PCA-based visualization showed clear class separation and prediction consistency with original feature distributions. SHAP analysis identified POD24 as the strongest model-derived predictor in this cohort of mortality. Force plots further demonstrated that non-POD24 substantially contributed to lower predicted death risk. Conclusion This study suggests that POD24 may be associated to the survival outcomes in multiple myeloma using both traditional statistical and machine learning approaches. Our findings highlight the potential value of POD24 in mortality risk prediction and demonstrate the utilization of ANN-based SHAP interpretation in enhancing model transparency.

Fresh burdock (Arctium lappa L.) roots were fermented with probiotic lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), and Lactobacillus casei (L.casei). The dynamic changes in volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) and microbial community succession were compared during fermentation. Subsequently, correlations between bacteria and characteristic VFCs were analyzed, and potential functions were predicted. The results show that the types of VFCs increased from 25 to 54, and the total content increased from 7.852 ± 1.025 to 48.325 ± 0.624 mg/kg after fermentation for 7 days. Notably, esters and alcohols increased significantly. A total of 42 VFCs were identified as contributors to the overall flavor profile of the fermented burdock root. Among these, ethyl caproate, acetaldehyde, isoamyl acetate, hexaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, and 3-methylbutanol were regarded as the primary characteristic VFCs. Microbial composition analysis revealed three dominant phyla, two dominant genera, and three dominant species. Among them, L. paracasei and L. plantarum were the dominant species during fermentation. L. paracasei was positively correlated with multiple characteristic VFCs and was considered the core functional species in terms of flavor formation. Notably, L. paracasei exhibited a very strong correlation with acetaldehyde (ρ = 0.99). PICRUST2 function prediction further revealed that carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the core pathways of microbial metabolism and important sources of flavor precursors. This study demonstrates that lactic acid bacteria fermentation could markedly improve the flavor quality of burdock roots. Moreover, the formation of VFCs was closely correlated with complex microbial metabolism during fermentation.

This study examines the potential impacts of projected atmospheric carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) levels reaching 800 ppm by the end of the century, focusing on ocean acidification effects on marine ecosystems in the coastal areas of Bohai. We investigated how acidification affects the grazing patterns of microzooplankton using dilution techniques and ecophysiological methods. Our findings indicate that acidic conditions shift the phytoplankton community structure, changing dominant species. Elevated CO 2 concentrations reduced grazing pressure on phytoplankton, with less steep declines in growth rates at 800 ppm CO 2 (spring: 2.43 d −1 vs. 2.16 d −1 , summer: −0.46 d −1 vs. −0.73 d −1 , autumn: −0.45 d −1 vs. −0.90 d −1 ) and significant decreases in grazing pressure percentages (%Pp from 0.84 to 0.58 and %Pi from 0.64 to 0.46). Short-term acid exposure significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity in both microplankton (from 0.03 to 0.08 U mg −1 , p<0.01) and nanoplankton (from 0.05 to 0.09 U mg −1 , p<0.001), indicating an adaptive response to oxidative stress. These results highlight that elevated CO 2 levels primarily boost phytoplankton growth by reducing microzooplankton grazing pressure, resulting in higher growth rates and a shift towards smaller-sized phytoplankton, reflecting complex short-term ecological responses to acidification. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of ocean acidification on microzooplankton and their role in marine secondary productivity.

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. has been widely cultivated in Xinjiang, Yunnan as well as other western regions of China. In folk medicine, the flower tea C. tinctoria is often used as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. To explore the chemicals responsible for the health benefits of C. tinctoria, a water‐soluble polysaccharide (CT70‐1) was isolated from C. tinctoria. The structure feature analyses revealed that CT70‐1 was a heteropolysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 2.1×103 Da. It consisted of α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→, →5)‐α‐L‐Araf‐(1→, →6)‐2‐OAc‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→, →3)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→, →3,6)‐β‐D‐Manp‐(1→, →6)‐β‐D‐Manp‐(1→, →1,6)‐β‐D‐Fruf‐(2→, α‐L‐Araf‐(1→, and →3)‐β‐D‐Manp‐(1→. Further, CT70‐1 exhibited α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 2.79 ± 0.17 mM and 3.00 ± 0.02 mM, respectively. Moreover, CT70‐1 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated nitric oxide production of RAW264.7 and BV2 cells with IC50 values of 0.07 mM and 0.12, respectively. In conclusion, the above findings provide a foundation for promising natural ingredient CT70‐1 in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, we carried out chemicals responsible for the health benefits of C. tinctoria, which resulted a water‐soluble polysaccharide CT70‐1 was isolated from the flower of C. tinctoria, and the detailed structure was determined from chemical and spectral analyses. CT70‐1 showed dose‐dependent α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects. In addition, CT70‐1 significantly inhibited NO production to alleviate microglia activation

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to explore the role of circRNA AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (circ_(A)KT3) in the resistance of GC to cisplatin.

Pleurotus tuoliensis is a valuable edible mushroom native to Xinjiang in northwest China. It colonizes the roots and stems of Ferula plants. Field inoculation in its natural habitat has been shown to significantly enhance the colonization rate of P. tuoliensis hyphae in Ferula plants. However, the effects of field inoculation on P. tuoliensis hyphal colonization, soil properties, and microbial communities remain underexplored. In this study, we examined the characteristics of rhizosphere soil and microbial communities under four conditions: natural environments with and without hyphal colonization, and field inoculation with and without colonization. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that field inoculation markedly increased the relative abundance of Pleurotus species (57.98%) compared to natural colonization (14.11%). However, field inoculation also resulted in a reduction in microbial community diversity compared to hyphal colonization. Concurrently, the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Bacillota significantly increased following field inoculation. LEfSe analysis suggested that the identified potential biomarkers were most likely associated with the Bacillus genus within Bacillota. Furthermore, mushroom growth-promoting bacteria were successfully isolated and identified as members of the Bacillus cereus group (L5) and Bacillus safensis (S16). This finding suggests that field inoculation with P. tuoliensis in its natural habitat promotes microbial communities that enhance its growth. This study offers new insights into conserving wild edible fungi and their interactions with soil microbiota.

Carboxypeptidase A inhibitor (CPAI) is a globular polypeptide that specifically inhibits carboxypeptidase A activity in the insect gut, playing a vital role in plant defense against external stimuli. To date, this gene family has not been systematically characterized in potatoes. In this study, we identified the CPAI gene family using the potato DM v6.1 genome and analyzed genomic and amino acid sequence features. Results demonstrated that eight CPAI members in potatoes share high homology with orthologs in tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers. Their promoter regions contain predicted cis-acting elements associated with defense and stress responses. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed elevated expression of specific members in tubers and aerial tubers, with concurrent responses to auxin treatment. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the roles of StCPAI genes in potato development.