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"Shi, Yingjie"
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Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on maternal and infant complications
Background
The potential effects of pre-pregnancy body mass (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. Thus, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics that affect pre-pregnancy BMIs and GWG and the effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on Chinese maternal and infant complications.
Methods
3172 women were enrolled in the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College from July 25, 2017 to July 24, 2018, whose babies were delivered before December 31, 2018. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics affecting pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG values and their effects on adverse maternal and infant complications.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups < 20 years (OR: 1.97), 25–30 years (OR: 1.66), 30–35 years (OR: 2.24), 35–40 years (OR: 3.90) and ≥ 40 years (OR: 3.33) as well as elementary school or education below (OR: 3.53), middle school (OR: 1.53), high school (OR: 1.40), and living in the north (OR: 1.37) were risk factors in maintaining a normal pre-pregnancy BMI. An age range of 30–35 years (OR: 0.76), living in the north (OR: 1.32) and race of ethnic minorities (OR: 1.51) were factors affecting GWG. Overweight (OR: 2.01) and inadequate GWG (OR: 1.60) were risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Overweight (OR: 2.80) and obesity (OR: 5.42) were risk factors for gestational hypertension (GHp). Overweight (OR: 1.92), obesity (OR: 2.48) and excessive GWG (OR: 1.95) were risk factors for macrosomia. Overweight and excessive GWG were risk factors for a large gestational age (LGA) and inadequate GWG was a risk factor for low birth weights.
Conclusions
Overweight and obesity before pregnancy and an excessive GWG are associated with a greater risk of developing GDM, GHp, macrosomia and LGA. The control of body weight before and during the course of pregnancy is recommended to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in pregnant women aged < 20 or > 25 years old educated below university and college levels, for ethnic minorities and those women who live in the north of China.
Trial registration
Registered at Clinical Trials (
NCT03403543
), September 29, 2017.
Journal Article
Effect of microalloying and isothermal transformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SWRH82B steel
This study investigates the effects of microalloying elements vanadium (V) and niobium (Nb), along with varying isothermal transformation temperatures, on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of SWRH82B high-carbon pearlitic steel. Comprehensive microstructural characterization was conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the addition of V alone or in combination with V and Nb refines the lamellar spacing, pearlite clusters and pearlite ball clusters. Compared with the matrix steel, the lamellar spacing was refined by 46% at lower isothermal transitions; the dimensions of pearlite clusters and pearlite globule clusters were reduced by up to 43% and 31%.The additions of V and Nb significantly increased the microhardness, tensile strength, and yield strength of the steels. The tensile and yield strengths increased by 272 MPa and 178 MPa to 1172 MPa and 657 MPa, respectively. This increase in strength was dominated by the precipitation strengthening of VC and NbC particles and the fine grain strengthening effect. The impact toughness of pearlite steels increases with the refinement of the microstructure, which is attributed to the increase in fracture initiation energy and fracture extension energy. The increase in fracture initiation energy is greater than the extension energy under the same isothermal conditions. The fracture mode is a mixture of deconvoluted and ductile fracture. This research provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the manufacturing process of SWRH82B steel and offers significant insights into the study and application of other microalloyed high-strength steels.
Journal Article
Thickness Measurements with EMAT Based on Fuzzy Logic
Metal thickness measurements are essential in various industrial applications, yet current non-contact ultrasonic methods face limitations in range and accuracy, hindering the widespread adoption of electromagnetic ultrasonics. This study introduces a novel combined thickness measurement method employing fuzzy logic, with the aim of broadening the applicational scope of the EMAT. Leveraging minimal hardware, this method utilizes the short pulse time-of-flight (TOF) technique for initial thickness estimation, followed by secondary measurements guided by fuzzy logic principles. The integration of measurements from the resonance, short pulse echo, and linear frequency modulation echo extends the measurement range while enhancing accuracy. Rigorous experimental validation validates the method’s effectiveness, demonstrating a measurement range of 0.3–1000.0 mm with a median error within ±0.5 mm. Outperforming traditional methods like short pulse echoes, this approach holds significant industrial potential.
Journal Article
Genetic liability to major psychiatric disorders contributes to multi-faceted quality of life outcomes in children and adults
Psychiatric conditions, known for their hereditary nature, exert significant impacts on various life domains. Leveraging this heritability, we examine the relations between genetic susceptibility to major psychiatric disorders and the multifaceted aspects of quality of life in two population-based cohorts, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (N = 3909 preadolescent children) and the UK Biobank (N = 269,293 adults). Genetic susceptibility to seven major psychiatric disorders was quantified by polygenic scores derived from extensive genome-wide association studies (N = 21,000–413,000). Pervasive associations were found between genetic risk for all seven major psychiatric disorders investigated and age-relevant real-life quality of life indices, with varied patterns of associations for different life domains. We especially highlight the role of genetic risks for ADHD and major depressive disorders. Our findings emphasize the continuous nature of psychiatric traits, extending their influence on daily life experiences and societal functioning beyond symptomatology and diagnostic classifications.
Journal Article
Association among pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and neonatal birth weight: a prospective cohort study in China
Background
This study aims to explore the relationships between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), rate of GWG during the second and third trimesters (GWG
rate
) and birth weight among Chinese women.
Methods
Women were enrolled by 24 hospitals in 15 different provinces in mainland China from July 25th, 2017 to 26 November 2018. Pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and GWG
rate
were calculated and divided in to different groups. The multinomial logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline model were used to explore the relationships.
Results
Of the 3585 participants, women who were underweight, had insufficient GWG or GWG
rate
had 1.853-, 1850- or 1.524-fold higher risks for delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant compared with women who had normal BMI, sufficient GWG or GWG
rate
. Women who were overweight/obese, had excessive GWG or GWG
rate
had 1.996-, 1676- or 1.673-fold higher risks for delivering large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant. The effects of GWG and GWG
rate
on birth weight varied by pre-pregnancy BMI statuses. Dose-response analysis demonstrated L-shaped and S-shaped relationships between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, GWG
rate
and neonatal birth weight.
Conclusions
Pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG or GWG
rate
were associated with neonatal birth weight among Chinese women. Both body weight before and during pregnancy should be maintained within the recommendations to prevent abnormal birth weight.
Journal Article
Potential Advantages of Bioactive Compounds Extracted From Traditional Chinese Medicine to Inhibit Bone Destructions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bone destruction is an important pathological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which finally leads to the serious decline of life quality in RA patients. Bone metabolism imbalance is the principal factor of bone destruction in RA, which is manifested by excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inadequate osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Although current drugs alleviate the process of bone destruction to a certain extent, there are still many deficiencies. Recent studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could effectively suppress bone destruction of RA. Some bioactive compounds from TCM have shown good effect on inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting osteoblast proliferation. This article reviews the research progress of bioactive compounds exacted from TCM in inhibiting bone destruction of RA, so as to provide references for further clinical and scientific research.
Journal Article
Investigation of optimal gestational weight gain based on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes for Chinese women: a prospective cohort study
Objective
To investigate recommendations for appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) of Chinese females.
Methods
In total of 3,172 eligible women in the first trimester were recruited into the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study (CPWCS) project. Pregnancy complications and outcomes were collated using the hospital medical records system. The method of occurrence of participants with adverse pregnancy outcomes (Occurrence Method) was conducted to calculate the recommended total GWG for each participant’s pre-pregnancy BMI. Occurrence Method data were judged against the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Japanese recommended criteria in terms of the total occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with appropriate weight gain.
Results
The most frequent GWG was ≥ 14 kg and < 16 kg (19.4%), followed by ≥ 10 kg and < 12 kg (15.5%) and ≥ 12 kg and < 14 kg (15.2%). The most frequently occurring adverse pregnancy outcomes were cesarean sections for underweight (30.0%), normal weight (40.4%), overweight (53.6%) and obese (53.7%) women. A large for gestational age (LGA) accounted for 18.0% of the overweight and 20.9% of the obesity group. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurred in 16.9% of overweight and 23.1% of obese women. The recommended total GWG in a Chinese women population is ≥ 8 and < 12 kg if underweight, ≥ 12 and < 14 kg for normal weight, ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 kg if overweight, and < 8 kg for women with obesity.
Conclusions
Current Chinese recommendations provide the optimal ranges of GWG to minimize the occurrence of undesirable pregnancy outcomes for each group of pre-pregnancy BMIs in a Chinese population.
Trial registration
Registered with ClinicalTrials (
NCT03403543
).
Journal Article
Imaging Complex Targets through a Scattering Medium Based on Adaptive Encoding
The scattering of light after passing through a complex medium poses challenges in many fields. Any point in the collected speckle will contain information from the entire target plane because of the randomness of scattering. The detailed information of complex targets is submerged in the aliased signal caused by random scattering, and the aliased signal causes the quality of the recovered target to be degraded. In this paper, a new neural network named Adaptive Encoding Scattering Imaging ConvNet (AESINet) is constructed by analyzing the physical prior of speckle image redundancy to recover complex targets hidden behind the opaque medium. AESINet reduces the redundancy of speckle through adaptive encoding which effectively improves the separability of data; the encoded speckle makes it easier for the network to extract features, and helps restore the detailed information of the target. The necessity for adaptive encoding is analyzed, and the ability of this method to reconstruct complex targets is tested. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed target after adaptive encoding can be improved by 1.8 dB. This paper provides an effective reference for neural networks combined with other physical priors in scattering processes.
Journal Article
Analysis of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function During the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis
The liver is essential for metabolic and immune functions and has been linked to systemic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of the liver is still elusive during the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although there have been indeed some reports. We used label-free quantitative proteomics and experimental verification in this study to reveal the hepatic lipid metabolism and immune function during collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) development. The proteomics results revealed that the role of the liver differs in different phases of CIA rats. In terms of specific performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, which is primarily concerned with cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid, was significantly influenced in the CIA induction phase, whereas the immune function, which includes binding of granulocytes, adhesion of immune cells, etc., was affected considerably at the peak phase of CIA rats compared to normal rats. Finally, the hepatic dynamic changes in CIA rats were further confirmed using targeted metabolomics and ELISA. We found that most fatty acids of the liver in the CIA induction phase were significantly decreased, and proteins related to complement activation and migration or adhesion of immune cells including C3, MMP-8, CTSZ, and S100A9 were significantly increased in the liver of CIA rats in the peak phase. Our findings indicated that the lipid metabolism and immune function of the liver were influenced in CIA rats. Thus, the conditions of the liver during RA development should be considered in therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
Journal Article