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The value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in the diagnosis and treatment of the venous system is not well established. Introducing a novel approach to utilizing IVUS to evaluate cerebral venous sinus (CVS) stenosis and select stent. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients with CVS stenosis who underwent IVUS-guided stenting were included in the data analysis from January 2014 to February 2022. The degree of maximum stenosis was determined based on the cross-sectional area (CSA) measured by IVUS, and a stent selection method was applied in the study. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 6 months to 1 year after endovascular treatment to assess symptom improvement. Additionally, repeated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) / CT venography（CTV） was performed to evaluate the stent patency at 6 months to 1 year post-procedure. The study included 61 patients. IVUS indicated a lower degree of stenosis compared to conventional DSA measurements when evaluating the degree of stenotic segments preprocedure (74.84 ± 10.12% vs. 78.48 ± 8.72%, p  = 0.035). Post-procedural CSA of the most severe stenotic segments showed significant improvement (36.44 ± 8.07 mm 2 vs. 7.42 ± 3.28 mm 2 , p  < 0.001). The stent achieved complete expansion (mean stent expansion index, 0.93 ± 0.20) with no significant change in the structure of the reference segment. The trans-stenotic mean pressure gradients (MPGs) across 61 patients significantly decreased from 11.00 ± 6.23 mmHg to 2.09 ± 2.34 mmHg. 47 out of 61 patients received imaging follow-up; among them, 44 (93.6%) demonstrated stent patency in the follow-up imaging. IVUS has great potential to evaluate the degree and extent of CVS stenosis, assist stent selection, and optimize stent position during the interventional procedure in conjunction with DSA.

CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), a proinflammatory chemokine that mediates chemotaxis of multiple immune cells, plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes tumorigenesis and development. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that CCL2 contributes to the development of drug resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer agents, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. It has been reported that CCL2 can reduce tumor sensitivity to drugs by inhibiting drug-induced apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, and antitumor immunity. In this review, we mainly focus on elucidating the relationship between CCL2 and resistance as well as the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the role and mechanism of CCL2 in anticancer drug resistance may provide new therapeutic targets for reversing cancer resistance.

BackgroundThe efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treating large infarcts has been established through multiple recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Nevertheless, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) remains one of the significant challenges following thrombectomy in these patients.MethodsThis study presents a post-hoc analysis of the Study of Endovascular Therapy in Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusive Patients with a Large Infarct Core (ANGEL-ASPECT) trial. We included all patients with large infarcts who underwent thrombectomy and had imaging data available for HT assessment. Multivariate regression models were developed to determine the predictive factors for post-thrombectomy parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and examine the relationship between PH and patient outcomes.ResultsThis study enrolled 217 patients, of whom 35 (16.1%) experienced PH 24–48 hours after thrombectomy. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with PH had a significantly worse functional outcome compared with patients without PH (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 5 vs 3, adjusted common OR (acOR) 0.31, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.61, P<0.01). Alcohol use (acOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.29 to 8.03, P=0.01) and an increased number of thrombectomy attempts (acOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.00, P=0.04) were independently associated with a heightened risk of PH. Conversely, local sedative anesthesia (acOR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.84, P=0.03) was linked to a reduced risk of PH.ConclusionsIn patients with large infarcts, PH is associated with a poorer functional prognosis after thrombectomy. Alcohol use and a higher number of thrombectomy attempts were positively associated with the occurrence of PH, whereas local sedative anesthesia was negatively correlated with its occurrence.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04551664.

Development of efficient non-precious catalysts for seawater electrolysis is of great significance but challenging due to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the impairment of chlorine electrochemistry at anode. Herein, we report a heterostructure of Ni 3 S 2 nanoarray with secondary Fe-Ni(OH) 2 lamellar edges that exposes abundant active sites towards seawater oxidation. The resultant Fe-Ni(OH) 2 /Ni 3 S 2 nanoarray works directly as a free-standing anodic electrode in alkaline artificial seawater. It only requires an overpotential of 269 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA·cm −2 and the Tafel slope is as low as 46 mV·dec −1 . The 27-hour chronopotentiometry operated at high current density of 100 mA·cm −2 shows negligible deterioration, suggesting good stability of the Fe·Ni(OH) 2 /Ni 3 S 2 @NF electrode. Faraday efficiency for oxygen evolution is up to ∼ 95%, revealing decent selectivity of the catalyst in saline water. Such desirable catalytic performance could be benefitted from the introduction of Fe activator and the heterostructure that offers massive active and selective sites. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the OER has lower theoretical overpotential than Cl 2 evolution reaction in Fe sites, which is contrary to that of Ni sites. The experimental and theoretical study provides a strong support for the rational design of high-performance Fe-based electrodes for industrial seawater electrolysis.

Rapid bubble capture is essential for collecting targeted gaseous media and eliminating floating impurities across aquatic environments. While the role of nanostructures during the collision of free-rising bubbles with super-aerophilic surfaces is well established, the fundamental contribution of microtextures in promoting initial capture, even before contact, has yet to be fully understood. We report the rising bubble-induced large deformation of the entrapped gas layer, rapidly thinning the liquid film to its rupture threshold and thus achieving an ultrafast bubble capture down to about 1 ms with an array of microcones, decorated with nanoparticles as a convenient example to obtain super-aerophilicity. This rapid capture is also very stable due to the hysteresis movement of three-phase contact lines that inspired a critical pressure criterion for ensuring gas-layer stability and capture efficacy. The present nano/microstructured surface supports prolonged, loss-free gas transport in challenging shear flow as well, providing robust bubble control strategies for diverse systems. Rapid and stable bubble capture is crucial for gas collection and impurity removal in aquatic systems, yet the role of microtextures in initiating this process remains underexplored. The authors demonstrate that rising bubbles deform the entrapped gas layer on nano/microstructured surfaces, enabling ultrafast and stable capture via liquid film rupture and three-phase contact line hysteresis.

Given the influence of air intake from inclined shafts in existing tunnel ventilation systems on train comfort and aerodynamic safety, a numerical analysis method is used to study the comfort and aerodynamic safety of operating trains under three conditions—inclined shaft closed and inclined shaft open without and with air intake—and to explore the variation law of transient pressure and aerodynamic force (lift coefficient, transverse force coefficient, and overturning moment coefficient). Combined with practical engineering and requirements, the influence of inclined shaft air intake on train operation comfort and aerodynamic safety is analyzed. Through this research, the influence of using air intake from the inclined shaft of an existing tunnel, a ventilation scheme of the new Wushaoling Tunnel, on the comfort and aerodynamic force of trains is revealed, and the comfort and aerodynamic safety of trains in an actual project are evaluated, verifying the rationality of the ventilation scheme of the Wushaoling Tunnel.

The prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediated by the EGLN–pVHL pathway represents a classic signalling mechanism that mediates cellular adaptation under hypoxia. Here we identify RIPK1, a known regulator of cell death mediated by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), as a target of EGLN1–pVHL. Prolyl hydroxylation of RIPK1 mediated by EGLN1 promotes the binding of RIPK1 with pVHL to suppress its activation under normoxic conditions. Prolonged hypoxia promotes the activation of RIPK1 kinase by modulating its proline hydroxylation, independent of the TNFα–TNFR1 pathway. As such, inhibiting proline hydroxylation of RIPK1 promotes RIPK1 activation to trigger cell death and inflammation. Hepatocyte-specific Vhl deficiency promoted RIPK1-dependent apoptosis to mediate liver pathology. Our findings illustrate a key role of the EGLN–pVHL pathway in suppressing RIPK1 activation under normoxic conditions to promote cell survival and a model by which hypoxia promotes RIPK1 activation through modulating its proline hydroxylation to mediate cell death and inflammation in human diseases, independent of TNFR1. Zhang, Xu, Liu, Wang et al. identify an inhibitory mechanism for RIPK1 kinase through EGLN1/pVHL-mediated proline hydroxylation, which is disrupted upon prolonged hypoxia that activates RIPK1 activity to promote cell death and inflammation.

External boost radiotherapy (EBRT) and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) are shown to be effective in patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, the difference between IORT and EBRT for patients’ prognosis remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate differences in local recurrence (LR), distant metastases, disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) between these two therapies. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, from inception to Jan 10th, 2022. We used The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool to assess the risk of bias of the included studies, and the STATA15.0 tool was used for the meta-analyses. Eight studies were ultimately included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that there was an inconsistent finding in the long-term risk of LR between the two radiotherapies, and there was no significant difference in short-term risk of LR, the metastasis rate, DFS, and OS IORT would be more convenient, less time-consuming, less costly, and more effective at reducing side effects and toxicity. However, these benefits must be balanced against the potential for increased risk of LR in the long term.

Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent programmed cell death triggered by mitochondrial copper accumulation and subsequent proteotoxic stress, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity. However, conventional cuproptosis inducers face critical limitations such as short blood circulation half-lives, dose-dependent systemic toxicity, and inadequate tumor targeting‌.‌ To address these challenges, advanced nanoplatforms have been developed to enable precise tumor-targeted cuproptosis induction and immune activation. This review summarizes the immune-activating mechanisms of cuproptosis, including its roles in promoting immune cell maturation and infiltration, remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, modulating immune checkpoint molecule expression, and activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. We highlight cutting-edge advancements in nanomaterial-based strategies for triggering cuproptosis, which enhance antitumor immunity whether used as a single treatment or in combination with other antitumor modalities. The current challenges in translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications are proposed to promote the development of cuproptosis-triggering nanomedicines as next-generation immunotherapy strategy.

The advent of connected vehicle (CV) technology offers new possibilities for a revolution in future transportation systems. With the availability of real-time traffic data from CVs, it is possible to more effectively optimize traffic signals to reduce congestion, increase fuel efficiency, and enhance road safety. The success of CV-based signal control depends on an accurate and computationally efficient model that accounts for the stochastic and nonlinear nature of the traffic flow. Without the necessity of prior knowledge of the traffic system’s model architecture, reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising tool to acquire the control policy through observing the transition of the traffic states. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven traffic signal control method that leverages the latest in deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques. By incorporating a compressed representation of the traffic states, the proposed method overcomes the limitations of the existing methods in defining the action space to include more practical and flexible signal phases. The simulation results demonstrate the convergence and robust performance of the proposed method against several existing benchmark methods in terms of average vehicle speeds, queue length, wait time, and traffic density.