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Inflammation after stroke is the main cause of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cascading events after injury can lead to cell death. Heat shock protein 70 and other endogenous injury-signaling molecules are released by damaged cells, which can lead to systemic stress reactions. Protecting the brain through repair begins with the stress-injury-repair signaling chain. This study aimed to verify whether acupuncture acts through this chain to facilitate effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by Zea Longa＇s method, and injury sites were identified by assessing neurological function, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Electroacupuncture at acupoints Baihui（DU20） and Zusanli（ST36） was performed in the model rats with dilatational waves, delivered for 20 minutes a day at 2–100 Hz and an amplitude of 2 m A. We analyzed the blood serum from the rats and found that inflammatory cytokines affected the levels of adrenotrophin and heat shock protein 70, each of which followed a similar bimodal curve. Specifically, electroacupuncture lowered the peak levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and heat shock protein 70. Thus, electroacupuncture was able to inhibit excessive stress, reduce inflammation, and promote the repair of neurons, which facilitated healing of ischemic stroke.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was distinctive seasonal and zonal variation in the species diversity, biomass, and element accumulation capacities of macroalgae in two major intertidal mangrove stand types （Avicennia marina assemblage andSonneratia apetala assemblage） in the Zhanjiang region of southern China. Over a year, 31 species in 15 genera were identified in both mangrove assem-blages, of which the dominant species wereCladophoropsis zollingeriand Enteromorpha clathrat.Macroal-gal species were significantly most abundant in spring （p〈0.05）, followed by summer, winter, and autumn. Variation in the zonal distribution of macroalgal species was conspicuous in both intertidal mangrove as-semblages, with the greatest abundance in the middle zone, and the least in the front zone. Patterns in the seasonal and zonal variation in macroalgal biomass in theS. apetalaassemblage were similar to those of macroalgal species diversity in both mangrove assemblages. The seasonal patterns in tissue concentrations of 15 analyzed elements were not uniform among the macroalgaeC. zollingeri,E. clathrata, andGracilaria salicornia in theA. marina assemblage. All three species exhibited variation in their responses to ambient concentrations of different elements, implying their differential ability to absorb and selectively accumulate certain elements.

Sub-Neptunes represent the largest exoplanet demographic, yet their bulk compositions remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that only very cold planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, could experience stratification of volatiles in their envelopes. Transiting warm sub-Neptunes, with \\(10^3\\) to \\(10^4\\) times more stellar irradiation, were therefore believed to have fully-miscible compositions. Here, we present ATHENAIA, an interior-atmosphere composition inference framework we leverage to assess the potential for water-hydrogen demixing on warm sub-Neptunes and for the 350 K planet TOI-270 d as a case study, using radiative-convective atmosphere models coupled to interior models. We find that the higher temperatures at which hydrogen and water demix in water-rich environments open a window for demixing on sub-Neptunes with bulk envelope metallicities of \\(\\sim 150\\) to \\(700\\times\\) solar, compatible with TOI-270 d. Demixing is easier to achieve on more massive and colder planets, but still broadly affects warm (\\(\\simeq \\)330 to 450 K) metal-rich sub-Neptunes. Therefore, combining atmosphere metallicities with models of fully-miscible envelopes may lead to underestimated bulk envelope metallicities and mass fractions. Further, we find that considering the increased greenhouse effect in metal-rich atmospheres in concert with the composition-dependent adiabatic gradient in the convective envelope increases the range of compositions under which molten mantle conditions should be expected on sub-Neptunes. This work encourages a reconsideration of the current paradigm for linking sub-Neptune atmospheres to their interiors and motivates evolutionary modeling describing the onset of metallicity gradients in sub-Neptune envelopes.

Sub-Neptunes represent the largest exoplanet demographic, yet their bulk compositions remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that only very cold planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, could experience stratification of volatiles in their envelopes, implying that the envelopes of warmer sub-Neptunes instead have fully-miscible compositions. Here, we present ATHENAIA, an interior-atmosphere composition inference framework we leverage to assess the potential for water-hydrogen demixing on the \\(T_{\\mathrm{eq}}=350\\) K planet TOI-270 d, and more broadly for warm sub-Neptunes, using radiative-convective atmosphere models coupled to interior models. We find that the higher temperatures at which hydrogen and water demix in water-rich environments, combined with the shallower adiabatic gradients of water-rich envelopes, open a window for demixing on sub-Neptunes with bulk envelope metallicities of \\(\\sim 100\\) to \\(700\\times\\) solar, compatible with TOI-270 d. Demixing is easier to achieve on more massive and colder planets, but still broadly affects warm (330 to 500 K) metal-rich sub-Neptunes. Therefore, combining atmosphere metallicities with models of fully-miscible envelopes may lead to underestimated bulk envelope metallicities and mass fractions. Further, our modeling of TOI-270 d's envelope and interior reveals that, for a typical internal energy budget \\(T_\\mathrm{int}\\) of 25 K, the envelope-mantle boundary conditions likely preclude the presence of a molten magma ocean. This work encourages a reconsideration of the current paradigm for linking sub-Neptune atmospheres to their interiors and motivates further evolutionary modeling describing the onset of metallicity gradients in sub-Neptune envelopes.

Magnetotactic bacteria （MTB）, a group of phylogeneti- cally diverse organisms that use their unique intracellular magnetosome organelles to swim along the Earth＇s magnetic field, play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur. Previous studies have revealed that the bacterial actin protein MamK plays essential roles in the linear arrangement of magnetosomes in MTB cells belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. However, the molecular mechanisms of multi- ple-magnetosome-chain arrangements in MTB remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the MamK filaments from the uncultivated ＇Candidatus Magnetobacterium casensis＇ （Mcas） within the phylum Nitrospirae polymerized in the presence of ATP alone and were stable without obvious ATP hydrolysis-mediated disassembly. MamK in Mcas can convert NTP to NDP and NDP to NMP, showing the highest preference to ATP. Unlike its Magnetospirillum counterparts, which form a single magnetosome chain, or other bacterial actins such as MreB and ParM, the polymerized MamK from Mcas is independent of metal ions and nucleotides except for ATP, and is assembled into well-ordered filamentous bundles consisted of multiple filaments. Our results suggest a dynamically stable assembly of MamK from the uncultivated Nitrospirae MTB that synthesizes multiple magnetosome chains per cell, These findings further improve the current knowledge of biomineralization and organelle biogenesis in prokaryotic systems.

● Adsorption of environmental deoxyribonucleic acid on biochar was studied. ● π−π interaction and electrostatic repulsion worked in the adsorption. ● Thermodynamics indicated the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA), which includes antibiotic resistance genes, is ubiquitous in the environment. The interactions between eDNA and biochar, a promising material widely used in soil amendment and water treatment, greatly affect the environmental behavior of eDNA. Hitherto few experimental evidences are available yet, especially on the information of thermodynamics and energy distribution to explains the interactions between biochar and eDNA. This study investigated the adsorption of herring sperm DNA (hsDNA) on pine sawdust biochar, with a specific emphasis on the adsorption thermodynamics and site energy distribution. The adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was enhanced by an increase in the pyrolysis and adsorption temperatures. The higher surface area, stronger π−π interaction, and weaker electrostatic repulsion between hsDNA and biochars prepared at high pyrolysis temperatures facilitated the adsorption of hsDNA. The thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was spontaneous and endothermic. Therefore, higher temperature was beneficial for the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar; this was well explained by the increase in E * and F( E *) with the adsorption temperature. These results are useful for evaluating the migration and transformation of eDNA in the presence of biochar.

本研究通过观察2微米激光犬前列腺切除术（two-micronlaser resection of the prostate，TmLRP）后前列腺部尿道创伤修复病理组织学改变，探讨前列腺部尿道创面再上皮化方式并评估该再上皮化方式的效果。选取15只成年健康雄性中华田园犬，分别行2微米激光前列腺汽化切除术及部分膀胱颈黏膜切除术，于术后3天、1、2、3及4周处死动物，留取前列腺部尿道及膀胱颈标本，苏木素伊红染色（Hematoxylin eosin，HE）染色光镜下观察创面再上皮化病理组织学改变，免疫组织化学染色检测前列腺部尿道创面细胞角蛋白14（Cytokeratin，CK14）、CK5、 CK18 , 突触素（Synaptophysin，Syn）、嗜铬素（Chromogranin A , CgA）、尿斑蛋白（uroplakin）、转化生长因子β1 （Transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1）和转化生长因子βII受体（Transforming growth factor-β type II receptor,TGF-βRI I）的表达，实时定量PCR方法检测前列腺部尿道创面CK14、CK5、CK18和Syn mRNA表达，Van Gieson染色分别检测前列腺部尿道和膀胱颈创面胶原纤维表达量。结果显示，前列腺部尿道由创面下残余前列腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移再分化完成再上皮化过程；创面下增殖的前列腺上皮细胞表达CK14，CK5，不表达CK18、Sy n和CgA，再生上皮术后3周开始表达uroplakin。增殖的前列腺细胞和再生上皮高表达TGF-β1和TGF-β RII，表达强度与创面修复再上皮化时间密切相关。与膀胱颈创面相比，前列腺部尿道创面再上皮化完成快，创面下胶原纤维形成少。因此，源自创面下前列腺基底细胞的再上皮化方式可能是机体实现由解剖修复到功能修复的最佳修复方式。

Currently, therapy for squamous cancer （SqC） is unsatisfactory. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B （SEB） has strong immune regulatory activity. This study tests the hypothesis that SEB enforces the effect of immunotherapy on SqC growth in a mouse model. C3H/HeN mice and the SqC cell line squamous cell carcinoma VII were used to create an SqC mouse model. Immune cell assessment was performed by flow cytometry. Real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate target molecule expression. An apoptosis assay was used to assess the suppressive effect of T helper-9 （Th9） cells on the SqC cells. The results showed that immunotherapy consisting of SEB plus SqC antigen significantly inhibited SqC growth in the mice. The frequency of Th9 cells was markedly increased in the SqC tissue and mouse spleens after treatment. SEB markedly increased the levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and the expression of histone deacetylase-1 （HDAC1） and PU.1 （the transcription factor of the interleukin 9 （IL-9） gene） in CD4^＋ T cells. Exposure to SqC-specific Th9 cells markedly induced SqC cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the administration of SEB induces Th9 cells in SqC-bearing mice, and theseTh9 cells inhibit SqC growth.

Thermoelectric materials, which can convert waste heat into electricity, have received increasing research interest in recent years. This paper describes the recent progress in thermoelectric nanocomposites based on solution-synthesized nanoheterostructures. We start our discussion with the strategies of improving the power factor of a given material by using nanoheterostructures. Then we discuss the methods of decreasing thermal conductivity. Finally, we highlight a way of decoupling power factor and thermal conductivity, namely, incorporating phase-transition materials into a nanowire heterostructure. We have explored the lead telluride-copper telluride thermoelectric nanowire heterostructure in this work. Future possible ways to improve the figure of merit are discussed at the end of this paper.

Several studies have reported a relationship between the length of the CAG-repeat in the polymerase y （POLG） gene and male infertility. However, other studies have not reproduced this result. In our study, the POLG-CAG-repeat length was analyzed in 535 healthy individuals from six Chinese Han populations living in different provinces. The frequencies of IO-CAG alleles and genotypes were high （97.38 and 94.13%, respectively）, with no significant difference among the six Chinese Han populations. Furthermore, we determined the distribution of the POLG-CAG-repeat in 150 infertile men and 126 fertile men. Our study suggested that the distributions of POLG-CAG-repeat alleles and genotypes were not significantly different between infertile （95.67 and 92.67%, respectively） and fertile men （97.22 and 94.44%, respectively）. In a subsequent meta-analysis, combining our data with data from previous studies, a comparison of the CAG-repeat alleles in fertile versus infertile men showed no obvious risk for male infertility associated with any particular allele （pooled odds ratio （0R）=0.94; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.60-1.48）. The significance level was not attained with any of the following genetic models： homozygote comparison （not lO/not 10 versus 10110： OR= 1.34; 95% Ch 0.66-2.72）, heterozygote comparison （lO/not 10 versus 10/10： OR= 1.04; 95% Ch 0.78-1.38）, dominant model comparison （not lO/not 10＋ 101 not 10 versus 10110. OR= 1.08; 95% Ch 0.79-1.47） and recessive genetic comparison （not lO/not 10 versus lO/not 10＋ 10/10- OR= 1.31; 95% Ch 0.68-2.55）. In conclusion, there is no significant difference of the frequencies of POLG-CAG-repeat variants among six Chinese Han populations, and this polymorphism may not be associated with Chinese male infertility. On the basis of a meta-analysis, there is no obvious association between CAG-repeat variants of the POLG gene and male infertility.