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Pyrazines are used in food industry to impart the foods nutty-roasted flavor. However, their extraction from natural sources is difficult and expensive. At the same time, there is awareness against the chemical food additives. Microorganisms are approved as natural producers of flavors. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of the newly isolated fungus Tolypocladium inflatum SRH81 to produce pyrazines and studying the effect of encapsulation in gum Arabic on the quality of the biogenerated volatiles. The parameters affecting the biogeneration of pyrazines were optimized. The headspace volatiles of each culture were isolated and identified by solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatiles showed the highest pyrazines content and best nutty-roasty flavor was subjected to encapsulation. The selected fungus was identified as Tolypocladium inflatum SRH81. A high correlation was found between the consumed sugar and dry matter content of each culture. Incubation of the fungus culture enriched with 0.5 g amino acids/50 mL medium for 12 days at pH 8 showed the highest generation of pyrazines and best odor sensory quality. Nine pyrazines were identified among them 2-methylpyrazine was the major compound after incubation for 12 days. A positive correlation was found between the total pyrazines and intensity of roasty-nutty aroma. Encapsulation gave rise to a significant decrease in the total volatiles, while the odor intensity showed insignificant decrease. The results of the present study revealed the potential ability of Tolypocladium inflatum SRH81, that was isolated from Egyptian soil, to produce pyrazines having roasted- nutty aroma.

Melanoma, recognized as the most life-threatening form of skin cancer, poses a significant threat to life expectancy. The timely identification of melanoma plays a crucial role in mitigating the morbidity and mortality associated with skin cancer. Dermoscopic images, acquired through advanced dermoscopic tools, serve as vital resources for the early detection of skin cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and accurate Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system capable of autonomously discerning skin cancer. This study focuses on the meticulous construction of diverse skin cancer classification models, specifically employing various Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures configured across four distinct layer arrangements. Additionally, a transfer learning approach is explored, leveraging robust pre-trained deep CNN models extensively trained on the comprehensive ISIC dermoscopic image dataset, known for its diversity in skin lesions. Utilizing the ISIC dataset as the foundation of our analysis, the CNN model's performance is systematically evaluated with varying numbers of layers—ranging from 15 to 27. Results indicate that the CNN model comprising 15 layers achieves an accuracy of 89.55%, while the model with 27 layers exhibits the highest performance, attaining an accuracy of 90.85%. In the realm of transfer learning, ten baseline CNN models pre-trained on ImageNet are employed. All baseline models demonstrate accuracies surpassing 80%, with SqueezeNet recording the lowest accuracy at 80.89%. In contrast, the ResNet-50 model consistently outperforms other models in transfer learning, achieving an accuracy of 92.98%. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed models in melanoma classification and highlight the superior performance of the ResNet-50 model in the context of transfer learning.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a decline in kidney function. Acute kidney injury frequently occurs as a complication among patients who are hospitalized or critically ill. Consequently, we aimed to examine the factors that could predict the cessation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in individuals with severe AKI. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies exploring factors associated with a successful transition from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The search was conducted from each database from beginning until December 1, 2022. The research was carried out on adult critically ill patients taking RRT while being supported in an intensive care unit (ICU) environment.We identified a total of 11 studies through our search. The pooled analysis demonstrated several predictive factors for successful weaning from CRRT, including CRRT duration, urine output in the course of CRRT termination (with an increase of 100 mL/day), creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine (UCr), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and ICU length of stay (p < 0.00001). We concluded that the correlation between predictive factors and the weaning process from CRRT is not yet well understood. Furthermore, evidence is scarce concerning the optimal threshold values for UO and serum creatinine levels to determine successful weaning from CRRT. These findings provide valuable guidance to clinicians in determining the appropriate timing for discontinuing RRT in ICU settings.

The proposed study seeks to introduce a close analysis about the impact of imagist values on both the American poet William Carlos Williams and the Iraqi poet Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab who represent the valuable principles of the modern free poetry. In addition, both of them are more associated with Modernism and introduced several contributions to literature. Despite of the cultural difference of each, their poetic works represent the principles of imagism by using a special and distinguished style in their poetry and that what appears the similarities and differences between the two poets as a comparative Study. Furthermore, this study seeks to determine the similar aspects in the content of both Williams and Al-Sayyab to certain how they extent the similar issues to reflect their community affairs although of the existed difference in the surrounded environment, but their poem contain common factors and principles. Also this research tries to discuss the com-mon ability between the two poets to make the reader realize different interpretations of the poem.

The primary objective of this study was to describe the cytotoxicity on HEPG-2 cells and to study the COVID‑19 activities of the novel H 2 L ligand and its Cr and Cu nano-complexes. As well as exploring the chemistry of the prepared nano-complexes. In this paper novel Schiff base, N-(4, 6-dimethyl pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(((2-hydroxyl naphthalene-1-y l) methylene) amino) benzene—sulfonamidesulfonyl) amide has been synthesized. The novel Schiff base H 2 L is used to synthesize novel nano and micro-complexes with CrCl 2 .6H 2 O and CuCl 2 .2H 2 O. The prepared ligand and micro complexes were interpreted by different spectroscopic techniques. The nano-sized Cr and Cu complexes were synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner using Coriandrum sativum (CS) media extract in ethanol. The structure, morphologies and particle size of the nano-sized complexes were determined using FT-IR, TEM, and PXRD. The results showed that the nano-domain complexes are on the Sub-nano scale. Furthermore, using TGA, we studied the effect of heat on the size of newly prepared nano-complexes. Experimental data were supported by DFT calculations. The findings revealed that the metal complexes investigated are more stable than the free ligand H 2 L. The antitumor activity was examined before and after heating the nano-complexes at 200 °C. The results reveal the Cr nano complex, after heating, exhibited strong antitumor activity with IC 50 value (3.349 μg/ml). The tested Cu nano-complex shows good DNA cleavage. The liver cancer and COVID19 proteins were examined using molecular docking to identify the potential binding energy of inhibitors.

This work reports the fabrication and characterization of PVA/PEO-based nanocomposite films reinforced with a synergistic combination of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a modified solution casting method. Structural analysis revealed that the incorporation of carbon nanofillers effectively reduced the crystallinity of the polymer blend, promoting an amorphous structure favorable for charge transport. FTIR results confirmed strong interactions between the polymer matrix and the nanofillers. Optical investigations showed a systematic narrowing of the optical band gap and an enhancement in the refractive index with increasing nanofiller content, indicating significant modification of the electronic structure. In addition, the nanocomposite films exhibited markedly improved AC electrical conductivity and dielectric performance due to the formation of an interconnected conductive network and enhanced interfacial polarization. The combined enhancement in optical and electrical properties highlights the effectiveness of the synergistic MWCNTs/GNPs reinforcement strategy. These results demonstrate that the developed PVA/PEO nanocomposite films are promising candidates for advanced optoelectronic devices, energy storage systems, and flexible electronic applications.

Olive leaves are an immense source of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive constituents. This study investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant defense, histopathological changes, and some growth- and immune-related genes in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 180 fish were allocated into four groups with triplicate each. The control group received the basal diet without OLE, while the other three groups were fed a basal diet with the OLE at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. The feeding study lasted for 8 weeks, then fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that the group supplied with the 0.1% OLE significantly exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG%), and specific growth rate (SGR) with a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). An increase in immune response was also observed in the fish from this group, with higher lysosome activity, immunoglobulin (IgM), and respiratory burst than nonsupplemented fish, both before and after the A. hydrophila challenge (p < 0.05). Similarly, the supplementation of the 0.1% OLE also promoted the C. carpio's digestive capacity pre- and post-challenge, presenting the highest activity of protease and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). In addition, this dose of the OLE enhanced fish antioxidant capacity through an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation end products (malondialdehyde—MDA), when compared to the control group, both pre- and post-infection (p < 0.05). Concomitantly with the superior immune response and antioxidant capacity, the fish fed the 0.1% OLE revealed the highest survival rate after the challenge with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). A significant remarkable upregulation of the hepatic sod, nrf2, and protein kinase C transcription levels was detected as a vital approach for the prevention of both oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the infected unsupplied control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, HPLC and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses recognized that oleuropein is the main constituent (20.4%) with other 45 compounds in addition to tentative identification of two new compounds, namely oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (I) and demethyl oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (II). These constituents may be responsible for the OLE exerted potential effects. To conclude, the OLE at a dose range of 0.66–0.83 g/kg w/w can be included in the C. carpio diet to improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and immune response under normal health conditions along with regulating the infection-associated pro-inflammatory gene expressions, thus enhancing resistance against A. hydrophila.

Objectives Salmonella is recognized globally as a significant foodborne pathogen associated with foodborne outbreaks in both humans and animal. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates poses a critical public health challenge. Given that the isolation of Salmonella within abattoirs is a prominent source of community infection especially through the consumption of contaminated meat. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Salmonella , the occurrence of virulence genes ( invA , spvC ), and specific resistance genes ( tetA , sul1 , aadA1 , aac(3)- IV ) in Salmonella isolates isolated from cattle in abattoirs. Additionally, the investigation assesses the potential exposure risks for abattoir workers in Mansoura City, Egypt. Methods In a study conducted from May to July 2024, a total of 150 samples were collected to investigate the presence of Salmonella in healthy Egyptian Baladi cattle and abattoir workers at the Mansoura abattoir, Mansoura City, Egypt. The sample collection comprised rectal swabs ( n  = 50) and meat swabs ( n  = 50) from cattle, in addition to 50 hand swabs obtained from abattoir workers. Salmonella isolation was done following standard microbiological techniques. Initially, pre-enrichment of the samples was conducted using buffered peptone water. Subsequently, selective enrichment was executed using Rappaport Vassiliadis broth, followed by cultivation on xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar to isolate suspected Salmonella colonies. These colonies were then subjected to a series of identification tests, including biochemical assays, slide agglutination tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene, which is indicative of Salmonella presence. Furthermore, molecularly identified isolates were tested for the virulence gene spvC , which is related to the pathogenicity of Salmonella . The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, providing insight into the resistance profiles of the observed isolates. In addition, a subset of 19 Salmonella isolates underwent multiplex PCR analysis to evaluate the presence of specific resistance genes: tetA , sul1 , aadA1 , and aac(3)-IV . Results The overall occurrence of Salmonella isolates across all examined samples was 12.7%. This included 4% from cattle carcass swabs, 12% from rectal swabs, and a notable 22% from workers’ hands. The most prevalent serotypes identified were Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, exhibiting incidences of 26.3% ( n  = 5) and 21% ( n  = 4), respectively. Other serotypes included Salmonella Infantis at 15.8% ( n  = 3), Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Tsevie each at 10.5% ( n  = 2), and Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Virchow at 5.3% (( n  = 1) each). From the tested Salmonella isolates, 100% (19/19) were positive for the invA and 89.5% (17/19) carried Spvc genes. Resistance profiling categorized the isolates into pandrug-resistant (PDR) at 5.3%, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) at 5.3%, multidrug-resistant (MDR) at 63.1%, and low drug-resistant at 26.3%. Notably, Salmonella Enteritidis exhibited complete resistance to all tested antimicrobial agents, resulting in a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 1. Conversely, S. Typhimurium was classified as XDR, with a MAR index of 0.937. Resistance rates were alarmingly high, with 100% against streptomycin, 89.5% against erythromycin, 73.7% against clindamycin, and 63.2% against ampicillin. Among the resistance genes, the aadA1 gene was most prevalent at 100%, followed by sul1 and tetA at 42.1% ( n  = 8) and 31.6% ( n  = 6), respectively. The aac(3)-IV gene was the least prevalent, noticed in 15.8% ( n  = 3) of the isolates. Conclusion The high occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars among the tested isolates is concerning. These antibiotics are crucial for effectively treating severe salmonellosis, highlighting the crucial need for strict antimicrobial regulation in both veterinary and human medicine.

An investigation into the optical and mechanical properties of a novel borate glasses with the chemical composition of 70 B 2 O 3 -10 Li 2 O-10ZnO-5Bi 2 O 3 -5CaO-xEu 2 O 3 was conducted. The glassy specimens of Eu 3+ -doped borate were prepared by the melting-quenching technique. An enhanced density from 3.0860 to 3.2176 g cm −3 and reduced molar volume from 29.27819 to 29.17447 (cm 3  mol −1 ) are the outcome of increasing the concentration of Eu 3+ in glasses. Plotting the extinction coefficient, dielectric constant (ε 1 , ε 2 ), and refractive index (n) against wavelength reveals that they all rise as level of Eu 3+ elements in the glass lattice increases. An increase in Eu 3+ concentration results in a decrease in both the volume (VELF) and surface (SELF) energy loss functions. Also, all elastic-mechanical moduli (such as Young’s, Bulk, Shear, and Elongation) increase with increasing the quantity of Eu 3+ ions in the glass lattice. The Young’s modulus (Y, GPa) of the glassy specimens was 34.512, 36.089, 36.504, 36.730 and 37.114 GPa for x equal 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mol ratio in the glass system, and coded by Eu-0.0, Eu-0.25, Eu-0.5, Eu-0.75 and Eu-1.0, respectively. Growing Eu 2 O 3 levels resulted in an increase in Micro-Hardness from 2.050 to 2.146 GPa. Poisson’s ratio values for Eu-0.0, Eu-0.250, Eu-0.5, Eu-0.75 and Eu-1.0 were 0.273, 0.275, 0.277, 0.277 and 0.278, respectively.