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Older adults suffering from mistreatment are especially vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. The current study examined the associations of elder mistreatment (single- and multi-type mistreatment) with depression or suicidal ideation in a Korean representative sample. The data were derived from the 2017 National Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons (unweighted n = 10,059 and weighted n = 10,055). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In the weighted population, 9.8% of older adults had mistreatment experiences. Results indicated that single- and multi-type mistreatment experiences were associated with increased risks of depression (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = [1.61, 2.32] and OR = 3.51, 95% CI = [2.52, 4.87], respectively), after adjusting for the confounding factors (socio-demographic, health-related, and social relation characteristics). Experiences of single- and multi-type mistreatment were also associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = [1.97, 3.12] and OR = 3.19, 95% CI = [2.25, 4.51], respectively), even after adjusting for the above confounding factors and depression. Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses using unweighted data. The current findings expanded our knowledge of the associations of mistreatment with depression and suicidal ideation in later life.

The skin tissue of the scalp is unique from other skin tissues because it coexists with hair, and many differences in microbial composition have been confirmed. In scalp tissues, hair loss occurs due to a combination of internal and external factors, and several studies are being conducted to counteract this. However, not many studies have addressed hair loss from the perspective of the microbiome. In this study, subjects with hair loss and those with normal scalps were set as experimental and control groups, respectively. In the experimental group, hair loss had progressed, and there was a large difference in microbiome composition compared to the group with normal scalps. In particular, differences in Accumulibacter, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were found. From Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, two active components were isolated as a result of repeated column chromatography. Spectroscopic data led to the determination of chemical structures for adenosine and biotin. Fractions were obtained, and ex vivo tests were conducted using hair follicles derived from human scalp tissue. When the microbiome adenosine-treated group was compared to the control group, hair follicle length was increased, and hair root diameter was maintained during the experimental periods. In addition, the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine- and biotin-treated groups maintained the anagen phase, reducing progression to the catagen phase in the hair growth cycle. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine and biotin derived from the culture were effective in inhibiting hair loss.

Diabetic macular edema (DME), a complication of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness worldwide. Recently, intravitreal anti-VEGF injection has been used as a first-line treatment. This study analyzed the association between the genetic profile of patients with DME and their response to treatment. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were administered monthly for three months to Korean patients diagnosed with DME, who were classified into two groups depending on whether they responded to anti-VEGF therapy or showed recurrence within six months. Peripheral blood samples were used for genetic analyses. Genome-wide association analysis results sowed that the genes DIRC3 on chromosome 2 (rs16857280, p  = 1.2 × 10 –6 ), SLCO3A1 on chromosome 15 (rs12899055, p  = 2.5 × 10 –6 ), and RAB2A on chromosome 8 (rs2272620, p  = 4.6 × 10 –6 ) were associated with treatment response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. SLC35F1 , TMEM132D , KIAA0368 , HPCAL1 , IGF2BP3 , SPN2S , COL23A1 , and CREB5 were also related to treatment response ( p  < 5.0 × 10 –5 ). Using the KEGG pathway analysis, RAB2A and CREB5 were found to be associated with AMPK signaling related to VEGF ( p  = 0.018). The identified genetic biomarkers can elucidate the factors affecting patient response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection and help select appropriate therapeutic strategy.

This study was conducted with the purpose of suggesting the role of Geo-Spatial Big Data (GSBD) and its utilization by defining the GSBD concept, and also developing useful applications of GSBD application technology that will actively emerge in future. In this study, Geo-Spatial Big Data is defined as “a series of application system that will serve to extract meaningful information through resources managing, analyzing and servicing by structured, semi-structured and unstructured type of big data and spatial information” This study also suggested seven characteristics that GSBD possesses, namely, Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity, Visualization, Versatility and Value. It suggested the role and scope of GSBD as well by examining changes in the environment and future trends. Finally, the study proposed application methods of GSBD at public and private sector for each of the human, social, environmental, economic, political, technological and fusion areas by piecing together case studies and changes in trends.

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to apoptosis in the aqueous humor (AH) and lens capsule (LC) of patients with glaucoma. AH and LC samples were collected from patients with open-angle glaucoma and control participants who were scheduled for cataract surgery. A miRNA PCR array comprising 84 miRNAs was used to analyze the AH (glaucoma,  = 3; control,  = 3) and LC samples (glaucoma,  = 3; control,  = 4). Additionally, the AH and LC samples (glaucoma,  = 3; control,  = 4) were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs determined using the PCR array. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the interactions between miRNAs and diseases. Additionally, the differential expression of these miRNAs and the target gene was validated through experiments using a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) model. Expression levels of 19 and 3 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in the AH and LC samples of the glaucoma group, respectively (  < 0.05). Of these, the expression levels of hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p showed significant differences in both AH and LC samples. Bioinformatics analysis showed experimentally validated 8 miRNA:gene pairs. Among them, was selected to analyze the expression level in AH and LC from separate cohort (glaucoma, n = 5; control,  = 4). The result showed downregulation of concurrent with upregulation of the two miRNAs in LC samples of glaucoma group. experiments validated that the expression levels of hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p were significantly upregulated, and that of was significantly downregulated in the H O -treated RGC, while the level of was recovered through co-treatment with miR-193a inhibitor or miR-222 inhibitor. This is the first study to investigate the differential expression of apoptosis-related miRNAs in the AH and LC of patients with glaucoma. Hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-222-3p, which were upregulated in both AH and LC, may be considered potential biomarkers for glaucoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between arterial microcalcification (AMiC) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) hyporesponsiveness in hemodialysis patients. The presence of AMiC was confirmed by pathologic examination of von Kossa-stained arterial specimens acquired during vascular access surgery. We assessed the ESA hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI), defined as the weekly ESA dose per kilogram body weight divided by the hemoglobin level. AMiC was detected in 33 (40.2%) of 82 patients. Patients with diabetes had a higher incidence of AMiC than patients without diabetes. The serum levels of albumin and cholesterol were higher in patients without AMiC than in patients with AMiC. The serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were lower in patients with AMiC than in patients without AMiC. The serum levels of phosphate and calcium-phosphorus product did not differ between the two groups. The mean EHRI value was higher in patients with AMiC than in patients without AMiC. In multivariate analyses, ESA hyporesponsiveness and diabetes showed a significant association with AMiC. In conclusion, ESA hyporesponsiveness may be a clinical relevant parameters related to AMiC in hemodialysis patients.

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris , is a major agricultural pest that reduces crop quality and value. Chemical pesticides have contributed to pest management, but resistance to these chemicals has significantly limited their use. Alternative strategies with different modes of action, such as entomopathogenic fungi, are therefore of great interest. Herein, we explored how entomopathogenic fungi can potentially be used to control the bean bug and focused on identifying virulence-related genes. Beauveria bassiana (JEF isolates) were assayed against bean bugs under laboratory conditions. One isolate, JEF-007, showed >80 % virulence by both spray and contact exposure methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation (AtMT) of JEF-007 generated 249 random transformants, two of which (B1-06 and C1-49) showed significantly reduced virulence against Tenebrio molitor and R. pedestris immatures. Both species were used for rapid screening of virulence-reduced mutants. The two transformants had different morphologies, conidial production, and thermotolerance than the wild type. To determine the localization of the randomly inserted T-DNA, thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR was conducted and analysis of the two clones found multiple T-DNA insertions (two in B1-06 and three in C1-49). Genes encoding complex I intermediate-associated protein 30 ( CIA30 ) and the autophagy protein ( Atg22 ) were possibly disrupted by the T-DNA insertion and might be involved in the virulence. This work provides a strong platform for future functional genetic studies of bean bug-pathogenic B. bassiana . The genes putatively involved in fungal virulence should be experimentally validated by knockdown in future studies.

The skin tissue of the scalp is unique from other skin tissues because it coexists with hair, and many differences in microbial composition have been confirmed. In scalp tissues, hair loss occurs due to a combination of internal and external factors, and several studies are being conducted to counteract this. However, not many studies have addressed hair loss from the perspective of the microbiome. In this study, subjects with hair loss and those with normal scalps were set as experimental and control groups, respectively. In the experimental group, hair loss had progressed, and there was a large difference in microbiome composition compared to the group with normal scalps. In particular, differences in Accumulibacter, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were found. From Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, two active components were isolated as a result of repeated column chromatography. Spectroscopic data led to the determination of chemical structures for adenosine and biotin. Fractions were obtained, and ex vivo tests were conducted using hair follicles derived from human scalp tissue. When the microbiome adenosine-treated group was compared to the control group, hair follicle length was increased, and hair root diameter was maintained during the experimental periods. In addition, the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine- and biotin-treated groups maintained the anagen phase, reducing progression to the catagen phase in the hair growth cycle. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine and biotin derived from the culture were effective in inhibiting hair loss.

Although many efforts are undertaken to treat peripheral demyelinating neuropathies based on biochemical interventions, unfortunately, there is no approved treatment yet. Furthermore, previous studies have not shown improvement of the myelin membrane at the biomolecular level. Here, an electroceutical treatment is introduced as a biophysical intervention to treat Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease—the most prevalent peripheral demyelinating neuropathy worldwide—using a mouse model. The specific electrical stimulation (ES) condition (50 mV mm−1, 20 Hz, 1 h) for optimal myelination is found via an in vitro ES screening system, and its promyelinating effect is validated with ex vivo dorsal root ganglion model. Biomolecular investigation via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that ES ameliorates distribution abnormalities of peripheral myelin protein 22 and cholesterol in the myelin membrane, revealing the restoration of myelin membrane integrity. ES intervention in vivo via flexible implantable electrodes shows not only gradual rehabilitation of mouse behavioral phenotypes (balance and endurance), but also restored myelin thickness, compactness, and membrane integrity. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an electroceutical approach with the optimal ES condition has the potential to treat CMT disease and restore impaired myelin membrane integrity, shifting the paradigm toward practical interventions for peripheral demyelinating neuropathies. An electroceutical approach to improve myelination in a mouse model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease is presented. Following an optimal electrical stimulation (ES) condition, myelination enhancement is confirmed at in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo stages. Biomolecular analysis shows restored myelin membrane integrity via improvements in PMP22 and cholesterol distribution. Implantable ES to the mouse promotes gradual rehabilitation of behavioral phenotypes.

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease – the most prevalent inherited peripheral neuropathy worldwide – currently lacks an approved treatment, as the biochemical interventions attempted have remained unsuccessful. In article number 2201358, Minseok S. Kim and co‐workers introduce a paradigm‐shifting biophysical treatment for CMT disease based on electroceuticals. The optimal electrical stimulation condition improves peripheral myelination by inducing a dynamic recovery in the distribution of key biomolecular constituents of myelin, thus restoring the myelin membrane integrity.