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Key Clinical Message Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by poorly developed or absent tooth enamel, which complicates orthodontic treatment due to weak enamel‐bracket bond strength. This case report presents a successful management of AI using fixed orthodontic appliances and prosthodontic rehabilitation. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) causes enamel defects, complicating oral hygiene, reducing masticatory function and lowering self‐esteem. This case report details an 18‐year‐old female with AI who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment followed by prosthodontic rehabilitation. The multidisciplinary approach restored function and aesthetics, significantly improving her quality of life. Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes in a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Pre and Post‐treatment Comparison.

Rhinosporidiosis is a benign chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidiosis seeberi (R. seeberi). Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in South Asia, notably in Southern India and Sri Lanka. The common sites of involvement are the nose and nasopharynx followed by ocular tissue. Rhinosporidiosis is also known to involve many rare sites and may become disseminated to ocular in generalized form. Rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct is extremely rare. The case presented here is of 18-year-old male from the nonendemic zone of Nepal with a proliferative mass in the parotid duct. Although rhinosporidiosis was not taken into consideration in the clinical differential diagnosis, eventual histopathological diagnosis confirmed rhinosporidiosis. Thus clinicians should be flexible in the differential diagnosis of proliferative growth in the parotid duct, even in those cases which are from nonendemic areas.

Attacks by elephants, the largest of the “large animals,” produce many fatalities a year. Most attacks are provoked, although rogue elephants are occasionally responsible. Trampling, goring, tossing the individual with the trunk, or crushing with the knees produces the injuries. Injuries from encounters with large animals represent a significant health risk for rural communities. Wild-animal-inflicted maxillofacial injuries are rare, and limited literature is available describing their management. We present a case of severe maxillofacial injuries caused by the attack of a rogue elephant.

Objectives: Patients are usually left in a vulnerable state after an accident. Because of this, they long for a good encounter when they are brought to the hospital. Physical impairment and psychological morbidities are some of the complications that can occur to them. Traditionally, surgeons tend to pay little attention to a patient's emotional and psychological perspective. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of oral and maxillofacial trauma patients due to road traffic accident right from immediate after the accident till the end of definitive treatment. Materials and Methods: Phenomenological approach of qualitative study was used to explore these patients' experience. Twenty subjects involved in road traffic accidents without any cognitive impairment aged 18 and above were recruited. Purposive sampling was used to include maximal variation sample regarding age, gender, types of injury, and types of treatment received. Semi-structured and open-ended interview approach was used to obtain in-depth information. Results: Seven themes were identified to describe the patients' response to and experience after meeting with a road traffic accident; they are unreal experiences, emotional responses, need to inform and need for information, need for assistance, their perception toward the maxillofacial injury, their experience on treatment and staff-patient interaction. Conclusion: This qualitative study has provided an in-depth understanding of patients experience during maxillofacial trauma and treatment, which otherwise cannot be obtained by the use of surveys and test questions.

Background Procalcitonin (PCT) levels often rise after cardiac surgery due to an ongoing postoperative inflammatory response. The changes in PCT levels are useful for the early detection of postoperative infections. We assessed the variation of procalcitonin levels in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery at the leading tertiary cardiac centre to support clinical decision‐making and future studies in our setting. Methods An observational longitudinal study was conducted among 273 adults who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Patients with perioperative signs of infections, systemic infections, and use of corticosteroids within the last 7 days were excluded. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. We measured baseline serum PCT levels before surgery, and on days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery. A p‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our study showed a characteristic double peak in procalcitonin levels. The baseline PCT level was 0.10 ng/mL. Postoperatively, the median PCT values were 11.9 ng/mL on day 1, 6.8 ng/mL on day 3, and 15.9 ng/mL on day 5. The Friedman test showed a statistically significant difference in the levels of PCT at the four time points (χ2 (3) = 417.721, p < 0.001). Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W = 0.529) indicated moderate to strong agreement in this trend. Post hoc Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test with Bonferroni correction confirmed a significant rise on day 1, a decline by day 3, and a subsequent increase on day 5. Conclusion There was a dynamic postoperative variation in levels of PCT. A secondary rise in PCT levels may indicate the development of delayed complications like Surgical Site Infections and Sepsis requiring clinical attention. Therefore, monitoring serial PCT trends over time is more important than reliance on isolated values.