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A bstract We develop an effective field theory (EFT) framework to perform an analytic calculation for energy correlator observables computed on groomed heavy-quark jets. A soft-drop grooming algorithm is applied to a jet initiated by a massive quark to minimize soft contamination effects such as pile-up and multi-parton interactions. We specifically consider the two-particle energy correlator as an initial application of this EFT framework to compute heavy quark jet substructure. We find that there are different regimes for the event shapes, depending on the size of the measured correlator observable, that require the use of different EFT formulations, in which the quark mass and grooming parameters may be relevant or not. We use the EFT to resum large logarithms in the energy correlator observable in terms of the momentum of a reconstructed heavy hadron to NLL′ accuracy and subsequently match it to a full QCD O ( α s ) cross section, which we also compute. We compare our predictions to simulations in Pythia for e + e − collisions. We find a good agreement with partonic simulations, as well as hadronic ones with an appropriate shape function used to describe nonperturbative effects and the heavy quark hadron decay turned off. We also predict the scaling behavior for the leading nonperturbative power correction due to hadronization. Consequently, we can give a prediction for the energy correlator distribution at the level of the reconstructed heavy hadron. This work provides a general framework for the analysis of heavy quark jet substructure observables.

A bstract The Ward identities associated with spontaneously broken symmetries can be saturated by Goldstone bosons. However, when space-time symmetries are broken, the number of Goldstone bosons necessary to non-linearly realize the symmetry can be less than the number of broken generators. The loss of Goldstones may be due to a redundancy or the generation of a gap. In either case the associated Goldstone may be removed from the spectrum. This phenomena is called an Inverse Higgs Mechanism (IHM) and its appearance has a well defined mathematical condition. However, there are cases when a Goldstone boson associated with a broken generator does not appear in the low energy theory despite the lack of the existence of an associated IHM. In this paper we will show that in such cases the relevant broken symmetry can be realized, without the aid of an associated Goldstone, if there exists a proper set of operator constraints, which we call a Dynamical Inverse Higgs Mechanism (DIHM). We consider the spontaneous breaking of boosts, rotations and conformal transformations in the context of Fermi liquids, finding three possible paths to symmetry realization: pure Goldstones, no Goldstones and DIHM, or some mixture thereof. We show that in the two dimensional degenerate electron system the DIHM route is the only consistent way to realize spontaneously broken boosts and dilatations, while in three dimensions these symmetries could just as well be realized via the inclusion of non-derivatively coupled Goldstone bosons. We present the action, including the leading order non-linearities, for the rotational Goldstone (angulon), and discuss the constraint associated with the possible DIHM that would need to be imposed to remove it from the spectrum. Finally we discuss the conditions under which Goldstone bosons are non-derivatively coupled, a necessary condition for the existence of a Dynamical Inverse Higgs Constraint (DIHC), generalizing the results for Vishwanath and Wantanabe.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming popular around the world. Making a lithium battery (LIB) pack with a robust battery management system (BMS) for an EV to operate under different complex environments is both a challenge and a requirement for engineers. A BMS can intelligently manage LIB systems by estimating the battery state of charge (SoC). Due to the nonlinear characteristics of LIB, influenced by factors such as the harsh environment and data corruption caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) inside electric vehicles, SoC estimation should consider available capacity, model parameters, operating temperature and reductions in data sampling time. The widely used model-based algorithms, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) have limitations. Therefore, a detailed review of the balance between temperature, data sampling time, and different model-based algorithms is necessary. Firstly, a state of charge—open-circuit voltage (SoC-OCV) curve of LIB is obtained by the polynomial curve fitting (PCF) method. Secondly, a first-order RC (1-RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) is applied to identify the battery parameters using a forgetting factor-based recursive least squares algorithm (FF-RLS), ensuring accurate internal battery parameters for the next step of SoC estimation. Thirdly, different model-based algorithms are utilized to estimate the SoC of LIB under various operating temperatures and data sampling times. Finally, the experimental data by dynamic stress test (DST) is collected at temperatures of 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C, respectively, to verify and analyze the impact of operating temperature and data sampling time to provide a practical reference for the SoC estimation.

Accurate quantification of carbon sequestration in institutional plantations is critical for advancing both climate mitigation and carbon finance. This study estimated above-ground biomass (AGB), below-ground biomass (BGB), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total carbon stock across six major species– Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Ailanthus triphysa –planted at Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat. A 15% random sampling intensity was applied across 6.98 ha of plantation blocks, and tree volume was calculated using species-specific volumetric equations. M. indica exhibited the highest per-tree biomass (266.4 kg), while C. equisetifolia recorded the lowest (47.4 kg). Total biomass-derived carbon stock was 161.8 t and SOC analysis revealed significantly higher concentrations in surface soils (0–15 cm) compared to subsurface layers (15–30 cm). Two-way ANOVA confirmed significant effects of species (F (5,24) = 1078.5, p < 0.001), depth (F (1,24) = 7300.5, p < 0.001), and their interaction (F (5,24) = 730.9, p < 0.001). M. indica recorded the highest SOC (1.49% at 0–15 cm), while T. grandis and C. equisetifolia consistently showed lower values. The total carbon stock across plantations was 257.1 t (63% biomass, 37% SOC), equivalent to 941.1 tCO₂-e. Valuation under multiple carbon markets projected potential revenues ranging from 4705 USD (voluntary price, 5 USD/CER) to 65,870 USD (EU ETS, 70 USD/CER). Institutional plantations can contribute measurable carbon stocks and have potential to generate modest carbon revenues under specific market scenarios. Integrating such landscapes into carbon markets can enhance the sustainability opportunity.

Electrified transportation technology has matured in different parts of the globe. However, this technology is in an advent stage in the Indian market. Due to this fact, a lot more challenges are being encountered in the development of electrified transportation in India; with the scarcity of viable charging stations posing as a significant bottleneck. In this study, the techno-economic analysis of different solar-based charging schemes that are available in the existing environment and present a modest, economical and reliable method of charging an electric vehicle (EV) )(e.g. e-rickshaw) through a solar panel that ultimately enhances the driving range and overall reliability of the system has been done. To validate the performance, the prototype of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (PV) charging system has been developed and test results are demonstrated. Economic analysis is done based on the yearly average solar irradiance profile in Aligarh, India. Further, this work presents a comparative analysis of CO2 emission for 100 km driving range from the EVs charge by different charging schemes and internal combustion engine vehicles.

In this present work, we have discussed about the application of automation and robotics in the various stages of the agriculture industries like irrigation of horticulture land, parks, gardens, and golf courses efficiently and reduce the wastage of water. The uses of automation and smart systems also help in food safety by the selection of appropriate chemicals. The application of multitasking robots is also useful to make it fast and maintain quality. In the smart farming also helps to maintain the humidity, temperature and irrigation process by using the sensors and apps. The aim of this study to identify the opportunities and scope for future automation and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the field of agriculture industries

Introduction: The role of urinary proteomics in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is undefined. Levels of urinary biomarkers such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB) may differ between men with and without PCa. We tested this hypothesis using urine samples before and after digital rectal examination (DRE) in men with an indication for prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: In an institutional ethics committee approved prospective cohort study, men with elevated PSA or a nodule on DRE underwent a pre- and post-DRE urine sample examination for urinary PSA and MSMB levels. Levels were compared between men who had PCa diagnosed on biopsy (Group A) and those with a negative biopsy (Group B). Results: Seventy-seven patients were recruited of whom 32 had PCa (Group A) and 45 had no cancer (Group B) on biopsy. The median (interquartile range) serum PSA was 49.6 (0.2-254) ng/ml. The median urine PSA (29.5 vs. 26.4 mg/dl) and MSMB (1.7 vs. 2.4 mg/dl) were similar in both groups at baseline. However, post-DRE, both these metabolites rose in Group B but not in Group A, resulting in significantly higher post-to-pre values in Group B versus Group A. The post-DRE urine PSA/MSMB ratio was also significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Urinary PSA and MSMB rose significantly after DRE only in men without PCa. Post-DRE urine PSA, MSMB, and PSA/MSMB ratio can differentiate PCa from benign pathology in men with an indication for prostate biopsy.

Erosion of surgical materials into the adjacent organs following surgical procedures is a rare complication. Migrations of these surgical materials into the urinary tract like pelvicalyceal system, ureter and bladder have been reported following various urological procedures. We present a case of migrated Hem-o-Lok clips into the ureter following a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for angiomyolipoma of the left kidney presented with recurrent urinary tract infection. The case was managed with ureteroscopic removal of clips. The patient is asymptomatic on last follow-up.

In this work we have discussed the different types of biomass converted materials like pyrolysis of biomass, biomass-waste, gasification of harmful gases, carbon-based supercapacitor, silica, macadamia shell waste, lithium-sulfur battery, and rice husk, etc. from the different industries and different types of conversion approaches. There are different types of conversion techniques are available for biomass conversion like CVD, hydrothermal process, thermolysis, pyrolysis, combustion, and chemical treatments. The aim of this study to identify the various types of biomass converted materials from different types of industrial waste and also find out the better way to convert into a useful material.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which Library and Information Science (LIS) publishers employ research data policies. Since the research data policy landscape is too complex amidst the varied publishers, authors attempted to analyse LIS publishers retrieved from the ISI Web of Science in compliance with 12 research data policy features identified from the literature for uniformity in the analysis. The study examined the information provided on the websites of LIS publishers to describe the common and distinct features of their research data policies. Apart from the common features identified in the literature, the authors found numerous distinct research data policy features of publishers, such as deposition of data sets, division of research data policy types, and sharing of research code. Furthermore, institutional publishers with research data policies have more rigid features for the execution of research data policy features since their beneficiaries are uniform, in contrast to the varied nature of journals’ and publishers’ authors. This is an in-depth study of the research data policy features of 12 publishers contributing to LIS. The study will give funders, institutions, publishers, journals, and other functionaries insight into the need for research data policies.