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"Shu, Yi"
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نظرة تحليلية لفن الخط الصيني
يتميز كتاب \"نظرة تحليلية لفن الخط الصيني\" بتعمقه في تناول مصطلح الخط بدءا بمفهومه ثم تطوره، وتجسيده، وأسلوبه، انتهاء بالسمات العصرية لجماليات فن الخط،. حيث يتناول الكتاب الرموز الصينية من حيث تطورها وخصائصها، بدءا من نقشها على العظام ودروع السلاحف، ثم النقوش البرونزية، وخطوط الأختام، والنقوش على الجبال، مصحوبا بصور لوحات المخطوطات الصينية القديمة. ويفرد الكتاب بحثا حول كيفية الاستمتاع بفن الخط، عن طريق الصراع والتناقض بين الوعي الجمالي للعامة والوعي الجمالي للخبراء.
Book
Short-chain fatty acids in diseases
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of SCFAs is mediated by substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number of studies have implicated metabolites produced by microorganisms as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence on the host. SCFAs are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and represent a major carbon flux from the diet, that is decomposed by the gut microbiota. SCFAs play a vital role in multiple molecular biological processes, such as promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 by IECs to inhibit the elevation of blood glucose, increasing the expression of G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR41 and GPR43, and inhibiting histone deacetylases, which participate in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, and function of IECs. SCFAs affect intestinal motility, barrier function, and host metabolism. Furthermore, SCFAs play important regulatory roles in local, intermediate, and peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the major SCFAs, they are involved in the regulation of immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review the diverse functional roles of this major class of bacterial metabolites and reflect on their ability to affect intestine, metabolic, and other diseases.
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Video Abstract
Journal Article
Application of a data-driven XGBoost model for the prediction of COVID-19 in the USA: a time-series study
ObjectiveThe COVID-19 outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has been acknowledged as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Predicting the trend of COVID-19 is of great significance for its prevention. A comparison between the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was conducted to determine which was more accurate for anticipating the occurrence of COVID-19 in the USA.DesignTime-series study.SettingThe USA was the setting for this study.Main outcome measuresThree accuracy metrics, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), were applied to evaluate the performance of the two models.ResultsIn our study, for the training set and the validation set, the MAE, RMSE and MAPE of the XGBoost model were less than those of the ARIMA model.ConclusionsThe XGBoost model can help improve prediction of COVID-19 cases in the USA over the ARIMA model.
Journal Article
circMAN1A2 could serve as a novel serum biomarker for malignant tumors
Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers are needed to improve precision medicine. Circular RNAs act as important regulators in cancers at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The circular RNA circMAN1A2 is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to our previous RNA sequencing data; however, the expression and functions of circMAN1A2 in cancers are still obscure. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of circMAN1A2 in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignant tumors and analyzed its correlations with clinical features and diagnostic values. The expression levels of circMAN1A2 were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the correlations of clinical features with circMAN1A2 expression were analyzed by χ2 tests. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the clinical applications of circMAN1A2. The results showed that circMAN1A2 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, with areas under the curves of 0.911, 0.779, 0.734, 0.694, and 0.645, respectively, indicating the good diagnostic value of circMAN1A2. Overall, our findings suggested that circMAN1A2 could be a serum biomarker for malignant tumors, providing important insights into diagnostic approaches for malignant tumors. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of circMAN1A2 in the pathogenesis of cancer. We verified that circMAN1A2 was significantly upregulated in the sera of patients with NPC, oral cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer and had good clinical diagnostic value. We speculate that circMAN1A2 could be a serum biomarker for malignant cancers and provide effective clues for the early diagnosis of malignant cancers.
Journal Article
IDO and Kynurenine Metabolites in Peripheral and CNS Disorders
The importance of the kynurenine pathway in normal immune system function has led to an appreciation of its possible contribution to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity exerts a protective function, limiting the severity of experimental arthritis, whereas deletion or inhibition exacerbates the symptoms. Other chronic disorder with an inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, are also suppressed by IDO activity. It is suggested that this overall anti-inflammatory activity is mediated by a change in the relative production or activity of Th17 and regulatory T cell populations. Kynurenines may play an anti-inflammatory role also in CNS disorders such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, in which signs of inflammation and neurodegeneration are involved. The possibility is discussed that in Huntington's disease kynurenines interact with other anti-inflammatory molecules such as Human Lymphocyte Antigen-G which may be relevant in other disorders. Kynurenine involvement may account for the protection afforded to animals with cerebral malaria and trypanosomiasis when they are treated with an inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monoxygenase (KMO). There is some evidence that changes in IL-10 may contribute to this protection and the relationship between kynurenines and IL-10 in arthritis and other inflammatory conditions should be explored. In addition, metabolites of kynurenine downstream of KMO, such as anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid can influence inflammation, and the ratio of these compounds is a valuable biomarker of inflammatory status although the underlying molecular mechanisms of the changes require clarification. Hence it is essential that more effort be expended to identify their sites of action as potential targets for drug development. Finally, we discuss increasing awareness of the epigenetic regulation of IDO, for example by DNA methylation, a phenomenon which may explain differences between individuals in their susceptibility to arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Journal Article
The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 or ADR-3 consumption on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Probiotics have been reported to ameliorate symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in animal models and human studies. We previously demonstrated that oral administration of
Lactobacillus reuteri
ADR-3 reduced insulin resistance in high-fructose-fed (HFD) rats. In the present study, we first identified another
L
.
reuteri
strain, ADR-1, which displayed anti-diabetes activity that reduced the levels of serum HbA1c and cholesterol and that increased antioxidant proteins in HFD rats. We further performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with a total of 68 T2DM patients to examine the beneficial effects of oral consumption of
L
.
reuteri
strains ADR-1 and ADR-3 and to investigate the associated changes in intestinal flora using a quantitative PCR method to analyze 16 S rRNA in fecal specimens. Significant reductions in HbA1c and serum cholesterol were observed in participants in the live ADR-1 consumption group (n = 22) after 3 months of intake when compared with those in the placebo group (n = 22). Although there was no significant difference in the HbA1c serum level among participants who consumed heat-killed ADR-3 (n = 24), the systolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were significantly decreased after 6 months of intake. There was no obvious change in serum inflammatory cytokines or antioxidant proteins in participants after intaking ADR-1 or ADR-3, except for a reduction in IL-1β in the ADR-3 consumption group after 6 months of intake. With the analysis of fecal microflora, we found that
L
.
reuteri
or
Bifidobacterium
spp. were significantly increased in the ADR-1 and ADR-3 consumption groups, respectively, after 6 months of intake. Interestingly, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the ADR-1 and ADR-3 consumption participants who displayed at least an 8-fold increase in fecal
L
.
reuteri
. We also observed that there was a significantly positive correlation between
Bifidobacterium
spp. and
Lactobacillus
spp. in participants with increased levels of fecal
L
.
reuteri
. In the ADR-1 intake group, the fecal
Lactobacillus
spp. level displayed a positive correlation with
Bifidobacterium
spp. but was negatively correlated with
Bacteroidetes
. The total level of fecal
L
.
reuteri
in participants in the ADR-3 consumption group was positively correlated with
Firmicutes
. In conclusion,
L
.
reuteri
strains ADR-1 and ADR-3 have beneficial effects on T2DM patients, and the consumption of different strains of
L
.
reuteri
may influence changes in intestinal flora, which may lead to different outcomes after probiotic intake.
Journal Article
Unraveling the effects of DIP payment reform on inpatient healthcare: insights into impacts and challenges
Background
The Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment system, initiated by China's National Healthcare Security Administration, is designed to enhance healthcare efficiency and manage rising healthcare costs. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the DIP payment reform on inpatient care in a specialized obstetrics and gynecology hospital, with a focus on its implications for various patient groups.
Methods
To assess the DIP policy's effects, we employed the Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach. This method was used to analyze changes in total hospital costs and Length of Stay (LOS) across different patient groups, particularly within select DIP categories. The study involved a comprehensive examination of the DIP policy's influence pre- and post-implementation.
Results
Our findings indicate that the implementation of the DIP policy led to a significant increase in both total costs and LOS for the insured group relative to the self-paying group. The study further identified variations within DIP groups both before and after the reform. In-depth analysis of specific disease groups revealed that the insured group experienced notably higher total costs and LOS compared to the self-paying group.
Conclusions
The DIP reform has led to several challenges, including upcoding and diagnostic ambiguity, because of the pursuit of higher reimbursements. These findings underscore the necessity for continuous improvement of the DIP payment system to effectively tackle these challenges and optimize healthcare delivery and cost management.
Journal Article
Glymphatic system dysfunction predicts amyloid deposition, neurodegeneration, and clinical progression in Alzheimer's disease
INTRODUCTION Although glymphatic function is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), its potential for predicting the pathological and clinical progression of AD and its sequential association with core AD biomarkers is poorly understood. METHODS Whole‐brain glymphatic activity was measured by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) in participants with AD dementia (n = 47), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 137), and normal controls (n = 235) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. RESULTS ALPS index was significantly lower in AD dementia than in MCI or controls. Lower ALPS index was significantly associated with faster changes in amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) burden and AD signature region of interest volume, higher risk of amyloid‐positive transition and clinical progression, and faster rates of amyloid‐ and neurodegeneration‐related cognitive decline. Furthermore, the associations of the ALPS index with cognitive decline were fully mediated by amyloid PET and brain atrophy. DISCUSSION Glymphatic failure may precede amyloid pathology, and predicts amyloid deposition, neurodegeneration, and clinical progression in AD. Highlights The analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, prodromal AD, and preclinical AD. Lower ALPS index predicted accelerated amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) burden and Aβ‐positive transition. The decrease in the ALPS index occurs before cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 reaches the positive threshold. ALPS index predicted brain atrophy, clinical progression, and cognitive decline. Aβ PET and brain atrophy mediated the link of ALPS index with cognitive decline.
Journal Article