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A small library of bis- and tetraamides was synthesized by the Ugi reaction with α-ketoglutaric acid, tert -butyl isocyanide, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines. When o -azidoanilines were used, azidated peptidomimetics were obtained, the post-cyclization of which by the aza-Wittig reaction yielded a series of substituted 3-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)propanoic acids containing a pharmacophore quinoxalinone moiety. The tandem Ugi/aza-Wittig combination was also carried out in a one-pot procedure without isolation of the intermediate.

The article is devoted to the study of the latest research methods of archaeological coin finds fromthe era of Ancient Rome. The paper reviews the online databases of large-scale projects that were created over thepast few years with the assistance of the American Numismatic Association and are devoted to the study of coinsand coin-hoards of the Roman Empire.The main goal of the research was to create a general overview and description of the information content of opendatabases, which can allow a digital analysis of Roman numismatics. The conducted review helps to determine theprospects for the use of digital tools in numismatic research and contributes to the deepening of knowledge aboutthe cultural heritage of the Roman Empire.A content analysis of information resources was carried out, aimed at an objective description of the textual, graph-ic and multimedia content of the material that contains the resource using the same methods and approaches thatare similar to the analysis of textual and graphic materials.

For effective competitive advantage in the market of goods and services brand should be considered in terms of future prospects. The result of positioning is a clear expression in the consumer's mind a positive image of the brand. Clear position in the minds of consumers should be a prime purpose of marketing resources of the enterprise.

Employment practices, payroll processes, workplace governance, and recruitment often provide opportunities for corruption. Therefore, labour audits are a crucial mechanism for the prevention and detection of corruption. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of labour audits as an instrument for detecting and combating corruption, with particular reference to the Ukrainian context and its integration into broader international debates. The methodological framework combined philosophical reasoning, system analysis and synthesis, the formal legal method, dialectical reasoning, as well as methods of induction and deduction. These approaches support both a normative legal interpretation of corruption and a systemic analysis of audit practices. The findings indicate that labour audits are effective in identifying financial fraud, wage manipulation, tax evasion, misappropriation of benefits, child labour, unsafe working conditions, and discriminatory practices. They also demonstrate that supply chain monitoring, transparency of records, workforce surveys, and internal control evaluations are critical in uncovering corruption risks. The study concluded that the adoption of harmonised regulations, continuous auditor training, and technological innovation can significantly enhance the role of audits in safeguarding fair labour practices.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which spread around the world in 2020, changed the lives of millions of people and affected the life and functioning of all countries and people without exception. With the emergence of the opportunity to be vaccinated against COVID-19, the problem of making a decision about vaccination also appeared. But it has become increasingly clear that the coronavirus is moving into the group of annual viral epidemic diseases that occur every year in different countries during the seasonal wave of acute respiratory viral infections. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic against the background of the adoption of serious quarantine measures indicates the need for large-scale vaccination of the population as the most effective way to protect against COVID-19. In this article, we pay special attention to vaccination, as the main factor in ensuring health, reducing the morbidity and severity of the course of the COVID-19 disease, and an important task of the state and modern public administration.

Modern challenges and dangers caused by the emergence of significant transnational phenomena and processes have intensified the development of such a direction of international organized crime and the greatest threat to international security as using weapons of mass destruction. The issue of using weapons of mass destruction has become especially acute and topical in the conditions of the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. It is confirmed by the aggressor country's repeated threats about its application's intentions. This requires an in-depth study of countermeasures, which can be implemented in the form of international political sanctions. The purpose of the academic paper is to study the theoretical and applied principles and possibilities of using international political sanctions as a countermeasure against using weapons of mass destruction. The methodological basis of the research is based on applying general scientific and special methods of economic analysis and scientific knowledge, in particular: system analysis, synthesis, classification, scientific abstraction, statistical analysis, comparison, analogies, graphical, tabular, generalization and systematization. Based on the research results, it was established that applying international political sanctions is an effective and efficient tool for countering the use of weapons of mass destruction. The threat of using weapons of mass destruction has increased. This is proven by an active armed conflict on the European continent, during which threats to use weapons of mass destruction are repeatedly voiced. The largest numbers of weapons of mass destruction were found in the USA and Russia; the risks of their use cause an increase in the amount of funding for countermeasures, the total amount of which in 2022 in the USA reached 427,461 thousand US dollars. The necessity is substantiated, and the application of personal, financial, trade, diplomatic sanctions against the energy sector in order to counter using weapons of mass destruction is proposed.

In any transformational processes taking place in society, the problem of the law enforcement system's unhindered functioning plays a key role. In the light of recent high-profile events related to the activities of the police and other law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, the issue of the high-quality training of police officers has become extremely important. Different views on the course of police reforming, on the possibility or impossibility of forming a reliable specialist - a police officer in a short time are widely discussed in society. That is why it will be useful to attract the positive experience of foreign countries, which will lead to increased interest in studying trends and dynamics of the police system, finding new, flexible, and effective approaches to ensure certain changes and innovations. The paper presents an analysis of the results of reforming police training systems in foreign countries (USA, Europe, and Asia). The material for the study was the doctrines and views of modern scientists on the models and areas of the police institutes' improvement; statistics characterizing the results of the reforms. It was determined that in modern psychological and legal practice, there are at least three approaches to assessing the need to increase the level of police officers' training. It was emphasized that reforming the law enforcement system makes new demands not only on the personality of the police officer but also on the educational conditions of personality formation. It was argued that the content and technology of new police education should be aimed at creating such psychological conditions for the personality development of future professionals, which will ensure the formation of professional competence and actualization of the personal potential of police officers. Particular attention was paid to the consideration of reforms in the structure of the National Police in post-crisis situations. The question of the need to conceptualize the qualification requirements for a police officer and the creation of a modern model of police education was raised.

The emergence of the latest global challenges and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine’s military confrontation with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation actualize the problem of destabilization of the tourism and hospitality industry and aggravate the need for post-war reconstruction of the destroyed infrastructure and ensuring the basis for sustainable development of the country. Under such conditions, the development of the tourism and hospitality industry acquires great importance, which can attract additional financial resources, create new jobs, increase the competitiveness of economic entities and enhance the international image of the country. The aim of the study is to justify the theoretical and applied principles and determine the prospects for the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in a globally competitive environment. The study applies general scientific and unique methods of economic analysis, namely: observation and system analysis; historical-logical method; analysis, comparison and synthesis; functional-system approach; graphical and tabular methods; generalization and systematization. Based on the findings of the study, it is established that the tourism and hospitality industry is experiencing a protracted crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic and armed military conflicts in today’s environment. Significant reductions in tourism flow to Europe and Asia, and the Pacific have been identified, notably France from 86.9  million people in  2019 to 1.2  million in  2022, Spain from 81.8  million people in  2019 to 9.1  million in  2022, Singapore from 0.15  million people in  2020 to 0.54  million in  2022 and Israel from 0.25  million people in  2020 to 0.23  million in  2022. Meanwhile, the share of GDP produced by the tourism and hospitality industry in total global GDP declined from 10.3  % in  2019 to 5.3  % in  2020. In  2021, it slightly increased to 6.1  %, which requires state support for the tourism and hospitality industry and strengthening the competitiveness of economic entities in this sphere.

Urban ecosystems of modern cities are characterised by a high level of anthropogenic load, which negatively affects the state of green spaces. Woody plants are particularly vulnerable to negative impacts, which occupy a key role in ensuring the ecological stability of the urban environment. The phytosanitary condition of trees is an important indicator of the health of the city ecosystem; therefore, its monitoring and analysis are urgent tasks in modern ecology. The aim of the study was a comprehensive study of the bacteriosis of woody plants in local urban phytocenoses of Kyiv, including the analysis of the characteristics of symptoms, identification of pathogens, and patterns of disease spread. The research was conducted during the 2024 growing season in the green areas of the “Respublika Park” and “Retroville” shopping and entertainment complexes. The work used modern microbiological methods for identifying pathogens of bacteriosis, as well as classical methods of phytosanitary inspection. To clarify the current systematic position and current name of taxa, information from the interactive databases “Index Fungorum” and “International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes” was used. It was investigated that the sanitary condition of the urbophytocenoses of the “Respublika Park” and “Retroville” shopping centers is characterised by a high degree of weakening of Acer saccharinum L. trees and a medium degree for Ulmus laevis Pall. It was established that the main cause of weakening of the trees is bacteriosis, the causative agent of which is the bacterium Lelliottia nimipressurallis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013, which was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction method. It is noted that the primary signs of damage to the bacteriosis of Acer saccharinum and Ulmus laevis urbophytocenoses are superficial peeling cracks, swelling of the bark, and the release of exudate. Secondary signs of damage were deep ulcers, necroti sation of wounds, and settlement of wood-destroying fungi. It was shown that the degree of development of bacteriosis on Acer saccharinum trees is 2 points and is characterised as rapid, and for Ulmus laevis trees – 1 point and is characterised as gradual. Thus, this study allowed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the spread and impact of bacteriosis on woody plants of urban phytocenoses of Kyiv, and also, based on the described features of symptoms – key diagnostic elements to develop measures for timely phytosanitary management of the condition of green spaces of cities to improve the ecological state and improve the quality of life of residents

The article contains results of the study of morphophysiological properties of pollen the introduced plants of Darmera peltata (Torr. Ex Benth.) Voss in Kiev in connection with the prospects of their practical use in landscaping and expanding the introduction of the range. Research biometric characteristics of pollen grains (shape, size, pollen tube length) held by Nikon Eclipse E200 microscope.The potential fertility of pollen grains of plants D. peltata was determined by acetocarmine method, vitality of pollen grains was determined by wet chamber method in an incubator. Has been defined the optimal environment for the germination of pollen grains by use of sucrose solutions of different concentrations. The features of the germination of pollen tubes were analyzed.