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"Silva, C."
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NASA concept vehicles and the engineering of advanced air mobility aircraft
NASA is conducting investigations in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft and operations. AAM missions are characterised by ranges below 300 nm, including rural and urban operations, passenger carrying as well as cargo delivery. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset of AAM and is the segment that is projected to have the most economic benefit and be the most difficult to develop. The NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project is developing UAM VTOL aircraft designs that can be used to focus and guide research activities in support of aircraft development for emerging aviation markets. These NASA concept vehicles encompass relevant UAM features and technologies, including propulsion architectures, highly efficient yet quiet rotors, and aircraft aerodynamic performance and interactions. The configurations adopted are generic, intentionally different in appearance and design detail from prominent industry arrangements. Already these UAM concept aircraft have been used in numerous engineering investigations, including work on meeting safety requirements, achieving good handling qualities, and reducing noise below helicopter certification levels. Focusing on the concept vehicles, observations are made regarding the engineering of Advanced Air Mobility aircraft.
Journal Article
Sequential and Temporal Dynamics of Online Opinion
We investigate the evolution of online ratings over time and sequence. We first establish that there exist two distinct dynamic processes, one as a function of the amount of time a book has been available for review and another as a function of the sequence of reviews themselves. We find that, once we control for calendar date, the residual average temporal pattern is increasing. This is counter to existing findings that suggest that without this calendar-date control, the pattern is decreasing. With respect to sequential dynamics, we find that ratings decrease: the
n
th rating is, on average, lower than the
n
-1th when controlling for time, reviewer effects, and book effects. We test and find some support for existing theories for this decline based on motivation. We then offer two additional explanations for this \"order effect.\" We find support for the idea that one's ability to assess the diagnosticity of previous reviews decreases: when previous reviewers are very different, more reviews may thus lead to more purchase errors and lower ratings.
Journal Article
Second language writing in elementary classrooms : instructional issues, content-area writing and teacher education
\"Second Language Writing in Elementary Classrooms focuses on L2 writing in elementary classrooms. It features chapters that highlight research in elementary classrooms focused on the writing development of multilingual children, and research in teacher education to prepare elementary teachers to teach L2 writing and address L2 writers' needs. Part I presents instructional issues for L2 writers at the elementary level. Part II focuses on content-area writing. Part III focuses on L2 writing teacher education at the elementary level\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Signature of adaptive evolution in olfactory receptor genes in Cory’s Shearwater supports molecular basis for smell in procellariiform seabirds
Olfactory receptors (ORs), encoded by the largest vertebrate multigene family, enable the detection of thousands of unique odorants in the environment and consequently play a critical role in species survival. Here, we advance our knowledge of OR gene evolution in procellariiform seabirds, an avian group which relies on the sense of olfaction for critical ecological functions. We built a cosmid library of Cory’s Shearwater (
Calonectris borealis
) genomic DNA, a model species for the study of olfaction-based navigation, and sequence OR gene-positive cosmid clones with a combination of sequencing technologies. We identified 220 OR open reading frames, 20 of which are full length, intact OR genes, and found a large ratio of partial and pseudogenes to intact OR genes (2:1), suggestive of a dynamic mode of evolution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that while a few genes cluster with those of other sauropsid species in a
γ
(
gamma
) clade that predates the divergence of different avian lineages, most genes belong to an avian-specific
γ
-c clade, within which sequences cluster by species, suggesting frequent duplication and/or gene conversion events. We identified evidence of positive selection on full length
γ-
c clade genes. These patterns are consistent with a key role of adaptation in the functional diversification of olfactory receptor genes in a bird lineage that relies extensively on olfaction.
Journal Article
Marvel universe. Time and again
\"What mysteries await buried deep within the multitude of the Marvel Universe? During an advance scouting mission in World War II, Captain America and Bucky come across an old farmhouse where a group of concentration camp escapees are fending off recapture. Years ago, Spider-Man came back from an alien world with a fantastic new costume - a living alien symbiote looking to bond with him permanently! Anxious to find a world worthy enough to sate the mighty hunger of GALACTUS, Norrin Radd's early explorations as the Devourer's new Herald bear no fruit. When a Secret Invasion of Skrulls turns Manhattan upside down, Miles Morales must choose: do his great powers come with great responsibility? When Detective Misty Knight places the newest super-suit on the block, Daredevil, at the scene of a crime, sparks will fly - and not the good kind. What secrets has Kitty Pryde been keeping from her summer at Camp Maplebrook? And as World War II draws to a close, Sergeant Fury and his Howling Commandos face a mission unlike any other they've ever tackled!\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Incentives to Innovate and the Decision to Go Public or Private
We model the impact of public and private ownership structures on firms' incentives to invest in innovative projects. We show that it is optimal to go public when exploiting existing ideas and optimal to go private when exploring new ideas. This result derives from the fact that private firms are less transparent to outside investors than are public firms. In private firms, insiders can time the market by choosing an early exit strategy if they receive bad news. This option makes insiders more tolerant of failures and thus more inclined to invest in innovative projects. In contrast, the prices of publicly traded securities react quickly to good news, providing insiders with incentives to choose conventional projects and cash in early.
Journal Article
Lactic Acid Bacteria in Raw-Milk Cheeses: From Starter Cultures to Probiotic Functions
Traditional cheeses produced from raw milk exhibit a complex microbiota, characterized by a sequence of different microorganisms from milk coagulation and throughout maturation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in traditional cheese making, either as starter cultures that cause the rapid acidification of milk or as secondary microbiota that play an important role during cheese ripening. The enzymes produced by such dynamic LAB communities in raw milk are crucial, since they support proteolysis and lipolysis as chief drivers of flavor and texture of cheese. Recently, several LAB species have been characterized and used as probiotics that successfully promote human health. This review highlights the latest trends encompassing LAB acting in traditional raw milk cheeses (from cow, sheep, and goat milk), and their potential as probiotics and producers of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects.
Journal Article
Probing structural properties and antioxidant activity mechanisms for eleocarpanthraquinone
In this work, we present a computational investigation on the structure and energetics of eleocarpanthraquinone, a newly isolated polyphenolic anthrone-antraquinone. Properties such as bond lengths, angles, atomic charges, bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), and ionization potential (IP) were determined through the use of density functional theory (DFT). The B3LYP and M06-2X exchange-correlation functionals were employed along with the 6-31+G(d,p), 6-31+ +G(d,p), and 6-311+G(d,p) basis sets for performing computations in the gas-phase, water, methanol, and ethanol. The conformation presenting all the hydroxyl groups undergoing hydrogen-bond interactions with neighboring oxygen atoms (conformation 5) was assigned as the most stable structure while its counterpart presenting no hydrogen-bond interaction was found to be 36.45 kcal/mol less stable than conformation 5 in the potential energy surface probed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory in the gas-phase, for instance. More importantly, the lowest O–H bond dissociation enthalpy was determined to be 93.80 kcal/mol at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory in water against the 146.58 kcal/mol regarding the IP computed at the same approach, suggesting the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism as being preferred over the single electron transfer mechanism in regards to the antioxidant potential for the case of eleocarpanthraquinone; the same conclusion was drawn from the outcomes of all the other approaches used.
Journal Article