Explore the vast range of titles available.

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites. Resumo O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante, a toxicidade e a prospecção fitoquímica da Própolis Vermelha de Alagoas. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em disco. A determinação do potencial antioxidante foi realizada utilizando o método de DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil), FTC (Tiocianato Férrico) e determinação de compostos fenólicos pelo método de Follin. A toxicidade foi realizada pelo método de Artemia salina e a citotoxicidade pelo método do MTT. Foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica para a pesquisa de aleloquímicos. O extrato etanólico da própolis vermelha de Alagoas apresentou resultados significantes para atividade antimicrobiana, tendo a atividade inibitória para Staphylococcus aureus e Candida krusei. Quanto a atividade antioxidante o método de FTC teve 80% a 108,3% de sequestro de peróxido de hidrogênio, o método de DPPH apresentou um CE50 de 3,97 μg/mL, o teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi determinado mediante curva de calibração do ácido gálico, tendo resultado de 0,0005 mg/100 g equivalente de ácido gálico. O extrato foi atóxico pelo método de A. salina. O extrato da própolis mostrou elevada atividade com percentual de inibição maior que 75% sobre células tumorais OVCAR-8, SF-295 e HCT116. Foram observados constituintes químicos como flavononas, xantonas, flavonóis, Chalconas e Auronas, Catequinas e Leucoantocianidinas. Conclui-se que o extrato testado pode ser considerado é uma fonte potencial de metabólitos bioativos.

From a regulation based only on command and control instruments, applied up to the 1970s, Brazilian environmental policy switched to a more preventive approach in the 1980s, and finally became, at least in conception, an integrated environmental policy in the 1990s. The target of this new policy is the use of environmental management policies and economic-based instruments. Law 9433 (enacted in 1997), which focused on water management, incorporated this issue by defining the hydrographic basin as a unit for environmental planning, considering the multiple uses of water resources. However, almost 10 years after this law took effect, Brazil's policy has in many ways regressed to the command and control instruments that prevailed in the 1970s. An example of this is the revision of the code that defines water quality standards and effluent limits. This revision established fixed limits for effluent discharges, thus making no distinction between these discharges according to the related activity or technology. It did not consider the carrying capacity of the water bodies that will receive the discharges, and is not linked to the other instruments set forth in Law 9433 (e.g., economic-based instruments). This might reduce the efficacy of the instruments and generate diseconomies for public and private agents. To contribute to a new revision of Brazilian water codes, this paper presents a cross-sectional analysis comparing the Brazilian water regulation to those applied in France (whose water regulation inspired the Brazilian model) and the United States. Effluent discharge regulation is emphasized in this comparison, along with water quality standards. Finally, the comparison also analyzes how the regulation of effluent discharges is incorporated in the water management policy of these countries.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., represent a serious threat to coffee production in Brazil. Although Meloidogyne exigua is widely spread in southern Minas Gerais, a major region of coffee production, no major yield losses have been reported for this nematode. Due to the risk of introducing other more aggressive nematode species into coffee fields, such as M. incognita and M. paranaensis, a survey for Meloidogyne spp. in coffee fields was carried out in this region. Based on esterase phenotypes and SCAR markers, RKNs were detected in 37.7% of samples, of which M. exigua and M. incognita were present in 31.1% and 2.2% of samples, respectively. Mixed populations were observed in 4.4% of samples, i.e. M. exigua + M. incognita + M. paranaensis, or M. exigua + M. incognita. Meloidogyne exigua was the most prevalent species and occurred in majority of counties. Using SCAR markers, M. incognita is reported for the first time in coffee fields located in three counties (Três Pontas, Coqueiral and Aguanil) in southern Minas Gerais. Nematode containment strategies are recommended for this region.

The alcoholic fermentation of jabuticaba berries (Plinia spp.) originates from a beverage with an intense taste and aroma, popularly known as jabuticaba wine (JW). In addition, polyphenols transferred from fruit peels to the final product turn this beverage into a promising source of bioactive agents. Here, the chemical profile and antioxidant potential of artisanal JW and derivative extracts were determined. Volatile organic compounds were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis. The wine was dried by lyophilization and subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning (water: ethyl acetate), resulting in three fractions (JWF1-3). ABTS•+ and DPPH•+ scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. In addition, the extracts’ hematoprotective activity was evaluated against oxidative stress. Finally, the extracts were analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS. HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis highlighted 1,8-cineole as the main compound that contributes to the camphor/mint flavor. JWF2 and JWF3 displayed the highest antioxidant capacity. JWF2 stood out for preventing oxidative damage in red blood cells at 7.8 µg·mL−1 The maximal protection of ascorbic acid occurred at 8.8 µg·mL−1. The LC-HRMS/MS analysis allowed the annotation of seventeen compounds, most of them with recognized antioxidant activity such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavanols, and phenolic acids. The results presented herein reinforce JW as a pleasant beverage with bioactive potential.

Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) has been recognized as a major owlet caterpillar associated to the herbivory of gramineaceous plants across the American continent. During outbreaks, the caterpillars are capable of completely consuming preferred hosts (grasses) and, when these hosts are destroyed, they can move to adjacent non-grass plants and cause similar damage. Meteorological variable such as temperature and humidity are described as factors that affect the development and abundance of M. latipes. This paper aimed to describe and compare the spatial and temporal distribution of M. latipes in different locations in Brazil and to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables on the temporal range. A total of 12 locations were evaluated, in each collection point light traps were installed near cultivated areas. In order to understand the influence of meteorological variables on the abundance of M. latipes, the data were analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model according to Poisson regression. A linear regression was also used to verify the relation between the abundance and the latitude. A total of 1,985 moths were collected. The highest collections were in Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Results show that abundance was inversely related to increasing latitude and Poisson regression analysis indicated that the main meteorological variables were significantly related to abundance at each site. This study shows that due to the high preference for gramineas and the high temperature requirements (30°C), M. latipes is an important species in hot regions and regions with hight humidity. Furthurmore, even in higher latitudes, in subtropical areas, during summer months, populations can Rapidly growth being able to cause economic damages. Resumo: Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) tem sido reconhecida como uma das principais espécies consumidoras de gramíneas em todo o continente americano. Durante os surtos, as lagartas são capazes de consumir completamente os hospedeiros preferenciais (gramíneas) e, quando os hospedeiros preferenciais são destruídos, podem mover-se para plantas adjacentes não gramíneas e causar danos semelhantes. Variáveis meteorológicas, como temperatura e umidade, são conhecidas por afetar o desenvolvimento e a abundância de suas populações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever e comparar a distribuição espaço-temporal de M. latipes em diferentes localidades do Brasil e avaliar a influência de variáveis meteorológicas sobre suas variações temporais. Foram avaliados 12 locais, em cada ponto de coleta foram instaladas armadilhas luminosas próximas às áreas de cultivo. Para entender a influência das variáveis meteorológicas na abundância de M. latipes, os dados foram analisados pelo Modelo Linear Generalizado, empregando a regressão de Poisson. Uma regressão linear também foi utilizada para verificar a relação entre a abundância e a latitude. Um total de 1.985 mariposas foram coletadas. Os maiores números de indivíduos foram coletados nos biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Os resultados mostram que a abundância de mariposas está inversamente relacionada ao aumento da latitude. A análise de regressão de Poisson indicou que as principais variáveis meteorológicas foram significativamente relacionadas à abundância em cada local. Este estudo mostra que devido à preferência por gramíneas em estado vegetativo e às altas exigências de temperatura (30°C), M. latipes é uma espécie importante em regiões quentes, especialmente nas épocas de maior umidade. Além disso, mesmo em latitudes elevadas, durante os meses de verão, as populações podem aumentar rapidamente, podendo causar danos econômicos.

The objective of the present study was to present the theory and application of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) in reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). Seven progeny tests from two RRS programmes with popcorn (Zea mays L. ssp. mays [syn. Zea mays L. ssp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk.]) populations were conducted and analysed for expansion volume and grain yield. The interpopulation half- and full-sib family models were fitted using ASReml software. Half-sib selection is equivalent to selection for the general combining ability (GCA) of the common parents. With inbred full-sib progeny and BLUP analysis, it is possible to predict the general and specific combining ability effects. The standard error of prediction of the progeny effect was lower than the standard deviation of the best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) estimate. For half- and full-sib RRS, the BLUE and BLUP provided highly correlated estimates of progeny genotypic values. The coincidence between selected parents ranged from 64 to 95%. With inbred full-sib progeny, the correlations between the BLUE of progeny genotypic values and the BLUP of GCA effects were lower. Consequently, the coincidence between selected parents was lower, ranging from 0 to 57%. The percentage of common selected inbred progeny based on the BLUE and BLUP of the progeny genotypic value ranged from 57 to 100%.

The goal of this study was to determine the genetic parameters for growth traits in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fish of similar age and weight. The data set included monthly measurements of body weight and length from120 fish for a year (1,440 measurements). The study found that weight gain had a heritability estimate of 0.01, while length gain had a heritability estimate of 0.27. There was a high positive correlation (0.84) between weight and length gains. The genetic variance and heritability of body weight decreased with age. This study suggests that breeding programs should select for body weight and weight gain to promote genetic gain in tambaqui. Selecting younger animals can also help reduce costs while still achieving genetic gains.

Abstract There are few studies evaluating the effects of dairy waste application on sweet potato productivity, especially when combined with organic compost fertilization. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effects of dairy waste fertilization, with or without organic compost, on the yield components and quality of sweet potato. The experiment was conducted under field conditions from April to August 2019 at the UFRPE experimental farm in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, using a randomized block design with different doses of dairy waste (0, 5, 10, and 15 m3 ha−1) in the presence and absence of organic compost, in addition to a control with mineral fertilization. The analyzed variables included ash and starch contents, total and marketable yield, as well as tuber quality parameters. For ash content in the absence of organic compost, the dose of maximum efficiency was 10.21 m3 ha−1, resulting in 0.55% ash, while the number of marketable tubers reached maximum efficiency at 8.05 m3 ha−1, providing 25.09 tubers per plot. The application of dairy waste, either alone or combined with organic compost, promoted increases in sweet potato yield (t ha−1) and quality, showing performance comparable to mineral fertilizer. The highest ash and starch contents were obtained with the exclusive use of dairy waste, highlighting its potential as a sustainable fertilization alternative. Resumo São escassos estudos que avaliam os efeitos da aplicação de resíduos de laticínio sobre a produtividade da batata-doce, sobretudo quando associados à adubação com composto orgânico. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adubação com resíduos de laticínio associados ou não ao composto orgânico nos componentes de rendimento e qualidade da batata-doce. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, de Abril a Agosto de 2019, na fazenda experimental da UFRPE em Garanhuns-PE, utilizando um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com diferentes doses de resíduo de laticínio (0, 5, 10 e 15 m3 ha−1) na presença e ausência de composto orgânico, além de uma testemunha com fertilização mineral. As variáveis analisadas incluíram teores de cinzas e amido, produtividade total e comercial, além de parâmetros de qualidade das túberas. Para os teores cinzas na ausência do composto orgânico, a dose de máxima eficiência foi de 10,21 m3 ha-1, proporcionando 0,55% de cinzas, o número de tubérculos comerciais teve dose de máxima eficiência de 8,05 m3 ha-1 proporcionando 25,09 tubérculos por parcela. A aplicação de resíduos de laticínio, isolados ou combinados ao composto orgânico, promoveu aumento na produtividade (t ha-1) e qualidade da batata-doce, apresentando desempenho semelhante ao fertilizante mineral. Os maiores teores de cinza e amido foram obtidos com o uso exclusivo do resíduo de laticínio, evidenciando seu potencial como alternativa sustentável de adubação.