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Accurately estimating home range and understanding movement behavior can provide important information on ecological processes. Advances in data collection and analysis have improved our ability to estimate home range and movement parameters, both of which have the potential to impact species conservation. Fitting continuous-time movement model to data and incorporating the autocorrelated kernel density estimator (AKDE), we investigated range residency of forty-four jaguars fit with GPS collars across five biomes in Brazil and Argentina. We assessed home range and movement parameters of range resident animals and compared AKDE estimates with kernel density estimates (KDE). We accounted for differential space use and movement among individuals, sex, region, and habitat quality. Thirty-three (80%) of collared jaguars were range resident. Home range estimates using AKDE were 1.02 to 4.80 times larger than KDE estimates that did not consider autocorrelation. Males exhibited larger home ranges, more directional movement paths, and a trend towards larger distances traveled per day. Jaguars with the largest home ranges occupied the Atlantic Forest, a biome with high levels of deforestation and high human population density. Our results fill a gap in the knowledge of the species' ecology with an aim towards better conservation of this endangered/critically endangered carnivore-the top predator in the Neotropics.

Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait-based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from −5.83 to −29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and −34.82 to −56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non-volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

Background A bidirectional relationship between sleep and emotional/behavioral problems has been suggested in the literature; however, no study has examined this association longitudinally across multiple developmental stages using objective sleep metrics. This study investigated the reciprocal relationship between sleep and emotional/behavioral symptoms and explored the potential existence of critical or sensitive periods within a Brazilian birth cohort. Methods The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study recruited 4231 children (2196 boys) born in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil. Emotional/behavioral problems were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 6, 11, 15, and 18 years of age and analyzed as externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Sleep duration and efficiency were evaluated using actigraphs during the mentioned follow-ups. Cross-lagged panel models were used to assess bidirectionality and critical/sensitive periods. Results Higher externalizing symptoms at 6 years predicted longer sleep duration (β = 0.032, p  = 0.041) and decreased sleep efficiency (β = − 0.034, p  < 0.022) at age 18. The association was more evident in early adolescence, from 11 to 15 years  β sleep duration  = 0.058, p  = 0.005; β sleep efficiency  = − 0.059, p  < 0.001). A bidirectional relationship was observed for internalizing symptoms and sleep duration from 11 to 18 years ( β 11-years-sleep duration-15-years-internalizing  = − 0.039, p  = 0.008; β 15-years-internalizing-18-years-sleep duration  = 0.061, p  > 0.001), and higher internalizing scores at age 15 were significantly associated with reduced sleep efficiency at age 18 ( β  = − 0.034, p  = 0.022). Conclusions Higher externalizing symptoms predicted poorer sleep efficiency and longer sleep duration, whereas a bidirectional association with an opposite relationship to internalizing symptoms was found. These results highlight that adolescence is a critical point for both associations. 

Participatory learning and action cycles with women’s groups have been recommended by the WHO to promote maternal and newborn health, but few studies have tested its feasibility and acceptability in mobile health (mHealth) interventions among mothers of toddlers. This was a mixed-method feasibility assessment of an 8-week WhatsApp-based maternal support group for mothers of toddlers (12–18 months of age) enrolled in a birth cohort study in Southern Brazil. Daily messages and weekly activities were sent by moderators to promote maternal–child outcomes: child nutrition, child sleep, nurturing care, and maternal psychosocial well-being (assessed pre- and post-intervention via self-reported questionnaire). The implementation and engagement of the mothers in the program were assessed by message extraction. Acceptability was evaluated through in-depth interviews (n = 5) and open-ended surveys (n = 10). 1481 messages were exchanged in 3 WhatsApp groups (n = 30 mothers). Mothers were most active on weekdays (68.6% of messages sent on Tuesdays and 72.6% on Thursdays), afternoons (2:00–4:00pm), and evenings (9:00–11:00 pm). Engagement was higher at weeks 1–4. Mothers enjoyed and considered topics relevant. Group interaction was perceived as low, which influenced their participation. The prevalence of depression symptoms decreased from pre- to post-intervention (9% to 5%; P = .04). A moderated mobile-based support group for mothers of toddlers was feasible. mHealth services to promote maternal support are a promising strategy to improve maternal–child outcomes, but engagement and use of the service remains a challenge. Program managers should work with community members to identify ways to support engagement and participation throughout the intervention.

Intestinal mucositis is an important toxic side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Saccharomyces boulardii is known to protect from intestinal injury via an effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of S. boulardii on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in a murine model. Mice were divided into saline, saline (control)+5-FU or 5-FU+S. boulardii (16 × 109 colony-forming units/kg) treatment groups, and the jejunum and ileum were removed after killing of mice for the evaluation of histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and non-protein sulfhydryl group (mainly reduced glutathione; GSH), nitrite and cytokine concentrations. To determine gastric emptying, phenol red was administered orally, mice were killed 20 min after administration, and the absorbance of samples collected from the mice was measured by spectrophotometry. Intestinal permeability was measured by the urinary excretion rate of lactulose and mannitol following oral administration. S. boulardii significantly reversed the histopathological changes in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU and reduced the inflammatory parameters: neutrophil infiltration (control 1·73 (sem 0·37) ultrastructural MPO (UMPO)/mg, 5-FU 7·37 (sem 1·77) UMPO/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii 4·15 (sem 0·73) UMPO/mg); nitrite concentration (control 37·00 (sem 2·39) μm, 5-FU 59·04 (sem 11·41) μm and 5-FU+S. boulardii 37·90 (sem 5·78) μm); GSH concentration (control 477·60 (sem 25·25) μg/mg, 5-FU 270·90 (sem 38·50) μg/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii 514·00 (sem 38·64) μg/mg). Treatment with S. Boulardii significantly reduced the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β by 48·92 and 32·21 % in the jejunum and 38·92 and 61·79 % in the ileum. In addition, S. boulardii decreased the concentrations of chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 by 5-fold in the jejunum and 3-fold in the ileum. Interestingly, S. boulardii reduced the delay in gastric emptying (control 25·21 (sem 2·55) %, 5-FU 54·91 (sem 3·43) % and 5-FU+S. boulardii 31·38 (sem 2·80) %) and induced the recovery of intestinal permeability (lactulose:mannitol ratio: control 0·52 (sem 0·03), 5-FU 1·38 (sem 0·24) and 5-FU+S. boulardii 0·62 (sem 0·03)). In conclusion, S. boulardii reduces the inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.

Many species of mushroom-forming fungi have been harvested in the wild and used for food and medicine for thousands of years. In Brazil, the knowledge of the diversity of wild edible mushrooms remains scattered and poorly studied. Based on new samples, bibliographic records revision, and searches through the GenBank, we recorded 409 species of wild edible mushrooms in Brazil, of which 350 can be safely consumed and 59 are edible but with conditions. Additionally, other 150 species represent taxa with unclear evidence of consumption or unconfirmed edibility status. A total of 86 of the 409 edible species represents consistent records in Brazil based on molecular data and/or Brazilian nomenclatural types. Other 323 names represent species that need further taxonomic investigations to confirm their identity and occurrence in the country, with 41 of them having some record of consumption by part of the Brazilian population. The remaining 282 species can represent new food resources for the country. We generated 143 DNA sequences, representing 40 species within 29 genera. Edible mushrooms are an important non-wood forest product and the knowledge about them adds value to the local biodiversity and the population, increasing the incentive to conservation allied to sustainable rural development.

Nevus sebaceous is a congenital hamartoma with potential for secondary tumor development. This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024533102), presents the largest epidemiologic analysis to date, encompassing 7,092 nevus sebaceous cases across 27 observational studies. Secondary tumors were identified in 12% of cases – 10% benign and 2% malignant. Syringocystadenoma papilliferum and trichoblastoma were the most frequent benign neoplasms, while basal cell carcinoma accounted for the majority of malignancies. Multiple neoplasms within a single lesion were rare (1%), and tumor development was more common in adult males. While benign tumors are relatively common, malignant transformation remains rare. These findings challenge the practice of routine prophylactic excision, particularly in pediatric patients, and support a more individualized approach based on clinical risk assessment and lesion characteristics.

Lung cancer is strongly associated with malnutrition and detrimental changes in muscle mass (MM), which can lead to reduced quality of life and reduced tolerance to and efficacy of antineoplastic treatment. The loss of MM and myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscle) have been linked to inflammation in cancer, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in fish oil are known to modulate inflammatory response, lean mass, microbiota, and epigenetic mechanisms. High Eicosapentaenoic acid and PROtein (HEPRO) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 50 patients over 20 years of age diagnosed with stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer with an ECOG performance status of 0-2 who are eligible for systemic treatment will be included and randomized 1:1 into two treatment arms: four fish oil capsules containing 2,100 mg EPA and 924 mg DHA per day versus four placebo capsules containing 2,250 mg oleic acid per day for 4 months. All patients will be instructed to consume 1.5 g protein per kg body weight per day and receive protein supplementation if necessary. MM, myosteatosis, muscle function, handgrip strength, dietary assessment, toxicity, response to treatment, and survival will be assessed. Translational research includes membrane phospholipid composition, gut microbiota, inflammation, and miRNA. MicroRNA will be analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, phospholipids, by gas chromatography, and microbiota, by 16S ribosomal RNA genetic sequencing. Statistical analysis will be conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics V.26 and a multiple regression model will be proposed. Associations with  < 0.05 will be considered significant. The HEPRO study aims to evaluate a viable dietary intervention strategy to improve MM and function in patients with lung cancer.

Inflammasomes maintain tissue homeostasis and their altered regulation in the colon, and the adipose tissue (AT) leads to chronic activation of inflammatory pathways promoting colon cancer (CC) development. We aimed to analyze the potential involvement of inflammasomes in obesity-associated CC. Ninety-nine volunteers [61 with obesity (OB) and 38 normoponderal (NP)] further subclassified according to the approved protocol for the diagnosis of CC (58 without CC and 41 with CC) were included in the case-control study. CC ( <0.01) and obesity ( <0.01) were accompanied by increased mRNA levels of and in VAT. Contrarily, patients with CC exhibited a downregulation of and in their colon. Additionally, we revealed that the decreased ( <0.05), ( <0.01) and ( <0.01) mRNA levels in the colon from obese rats significantly increase ( <0.05) after caloric restriction. Adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from subjects with obesity reduced ( <0.01) the mRNA of as well as molecules involved in maintaining the intestinal integrity ( and ) and the anti-inflammatory factors , and and in HT-29 cells. We also found that the knockdown of in HT-29 cells significantly upregulated ( <0.05) the mRNA of and and inhibited ( <0.05) the expression levels of . Finally, we showed that the incubation of HT-29 with influence ( <0.05) the inflammasome expression profile as well as intestinal integrity-related genes and aberrant inflammation. These findings provide evidence that the downregulated levels of and in the colon from patients with CC may be responsible for a reduced intestinal-barrier integrity, triggering local inflammation, which in turn acts on the dysfunctional AT in obesity, increasing the expression of different inflammasome components and flaring up a vicious cycle of uncontrollable inflammatory cascades that favours a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment.

Frühbeck G, Mentxaka A, Ahechu P, et al. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:6431-6446. The authors advise that the funding section on page 6444 is incorrect. The funding statement should read as follows: Funding This study was funded by Plan Estatal I+D+I from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la investigación-FEDER (grant numbers PI19/00785, PI20/00080 and PI20/00927), Gobierno de Navarra-FEDER (10/2018) and by CIBEROBN, ISCIII, Spain. Funding sources had no role in manuscript writing or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors apologize for this error.