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Salt stress is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth worldwide, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where excessive groundwater use in irrigation leads to high salt concentrations. To address this issue, this study investigated the efficacy of silicon, either alone or in combination with Trichoderma harzianum and organic matter, in mitigating salt stress in forage sorghum. The experiment took place in a saline Fluvisol in Parnamirim, a semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, and followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates: sorghum (control); sorghum + Si; sorghum + Si + OM (organic matter); sorghum + Si + T (T. harzianum); and sorghum + Si + T + OM. Sorghum plants were assessed over three cycles (initial cut and two regrowths) from June 2021 to April 2022. The combined treatments of Si + OM, Si + T, and Si + T + OM increased plant growth by 42.17, 35.49, and 27.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, these treatments led to biomass accumulation gains of 39.42, 40.44, and 31.77% in sorghum plants relative to the control. Silicon alone did not yield significant growth or biomass accumulation improvements. The application of silicon in conjunction with T. harzianum and/or organic matter shows promise in enhancing forage sorghum growth under saline stress conditions in semiarid regions.

Objective: To compare risk-adjusted changes in outcomes of preterm infants <29 weeks gestation born in 1996 to 1997 with those born in 2006 to 2007. Study Design: Observational retrospective comparison of data from 15 units that participated in the Canadian Neonatal Network during 1996 to 1997 and 2006 to 2007 was performed. Rates of mortality and common neonatal morbidities were compared after adjustment for confounders. Result: Data on 1897 infants in 1996 to 1997 and 1866 infants in 2006 to 2007 were analyzed. A higher proportion of patients in the later cohort received antenatal steroids and had lower acuity of illness on admission. Unadjusted analyses revealed reduction in mortality (unadjusted odds ratio (UAOR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 0.98), severe retinopathy (UAOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.92), but increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (UAOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.86) and patent ductus arteriosus (UAOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.39). Adjusted analyses revealed increases in the later cohort for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.88, 95% CI: 1.60 to 2.20) and severe neurological injury (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.80). However, the ascertainment methods for neurological findings and ductus arteriosus differed between the two time periods. Conclusion: Improvements in prenatal care has resulted in improvement in the quality of care, as reflected by reduced severity of illness and mortality. However, after adjustment of prenatal factors, no improvement in any of the outcomes was observed and on the contrary bronchopulmonary dysplasia increased. There is need for identification and application of postnatal strategies to improve outcomes of extreme preterm infants.

The goal of this study was to measure the gains in Brazil due to the increase in the number of imported varieties during the period 1995-2011. Also, it was calculated the contribution of major trading partners and industry sectors. The methodology was based on price indices that considered and did not consider the effects of different varieties of products on the welfare of consumers. The results showed a significant increase in varieties of imported goods, with a welfare gain of around 0,3% of GDP. The sectors of machinery and electronics, fertilizers, iron and steel, and organic chemicals contributed most to this gain

O referido estudo abrange o assunto relacionados as crianças portadoras do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) inseridas no ambiente de ensino aprendizagem. Com o presente estudo, objetiva-se entender o atual contexto dos modelos da educação inclusiva nos ambientes educacionais para o desenvolvimento das crianças com TEA, destacando os principais desafios e as oportunidades evolvidas em todo processo acadêmico dessas crianças, considerando suas limitações e particularidades. O estudo foi contruído com base em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através de um levantamento de artigos científicos compreendidos no período de 2020 a 2023 em portais de pesquisa como Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PUBMED). Diante o exposto, o estudo visa detectar técnicas, recursos e práticas profissionais que colaborem para a inserção das crianças de maneira eficaz, favorecendo para o seu crescimento pleno. Logo, a pesquisa evidencia que, para que a inclusão nos ambientes de aprendizagem aconteça é preciso aperfeiçoar os profissionais da aprendizagem, envolver os pais no processo e apoiar todos os demais atores atrelados ao processo de crescimento da criança, além do mais, é natural enfrentar desafios atrlados aos sintomas do TEA, assim como outros fatores extrínsecos enfrentados diariamente pelos profissionais da aprendizagem.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and validate a model for designing clinical simulation scenarios based on Jeffries Theory. Methods: qualitative, methodological study based on Pasquali’s psychometrics and Jeffries’ theory, conducted in three phases: (1) theoretical analysis and model development, including expert interviews (n = 20); (2) semantic analysis; and (3) content validation by specialists. Data were analyzed using IRAMUTEQ software. Content Validity Index (CVI) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. Results: a total of 32 professionals participated, mostly nurses with experience in simulation. Theoretical analysis and interviews led to the initial model; semantic analysis refined it; and validation produced the final version. The model showed a 94% CVI and 0.886 Cronbach’s alpha, aligning with Jeffries’ key categories: Context, Background, Design, Simulated Experience, Facilitator, Educational Strategies, Participant, and Outcomes. Final Considerations: the model was validated, being recommended as a structured and scientifically grounded basis for designing clinical simulation scenarios. RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar un modelo metodológico para escenarios de simulación clínica basado en la teoría de Jeffries. Métodos: estudio cualitativo y metodológico, fundamentado en la psicometría de Pasquali y la teoría de Jeffries, en tres etapas: 1) profundización teórica y construcción del modelo con entrevistas a especialistas (n=20); 2) análisis semántico; 3) validación de contenido. Se analizaron los datos con IRAMUTEQ. Se calcularon el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) y el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: participaron 32 profesionales (mayoría enfermeros con experiencia en simulación clínica). El análisis teórico y las entrevistas generaron la versión inicial; el análisis semántico, la segunda; y la validación, la versión final. Se obtuvo un IVC del 94% y un α=0,886. El modelo abarca Contexto, Antecedentes, Diseño, Experiencia simulada, Facilitador, Estrategias educativas, Participante y Resultados. Conclusiones: el modelo fue validado y se recomienda para diseñar escenarios de simulación clínica como base orientadora y científica. RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar modelo metodológico para elaborar cenários de simulação clínica baseado na teoria de Jeffries. Métodos: estudo qualitativo e metodológico, fundamentado na psicometria de Pasquali e teoria de Jeffries, com etapas: 1) aprofundamento teórico e construção do modelo, entrevistando especialistas (n = 20); 2) análise semântica; 3) validação de conteúdo. Os dados de entrevista foram analisados com software IRAMUTEQ. Calcularam-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: participaram 32 profissionais (maioria enfermeiros com experiência em simulação clínica). Análise teórica e entrevistas geraram versão inicial; análise semântica, a segunda versão; e a validação gerou versão final. Obteve-se alto IVC de 94% e α=0,886. O modelo atendeu às categorias da teoria: Contexto, Background, Design, Experiência simulada, Facilitador, Estratégias educacionais, Participante e Resultados. Considerações Finais: o modelo foi validado, sendo recomendado para construir cenários de simulação clínica como base orientadora e cientificamente fundamentada.

The conversion of caatinga vegetation areas into pastures in the Brazilian semiarid region has depleted soil fertility due to degradation. The natural regeneration of the caatinga has been the alternative adopted to restore soil fertility. However, the real effectiveness of this practice in recovering organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient stocks is unknown. This work evaluated the effect of natural regeneration of the caatinga vegetation on the restoration of levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P as a strategy to maintain the sustainability of the environment. We collected soil samples every 5 cm, up to 20 cm deep, in areas of degraded pasture, caatinga in regeneration (10 years), and regenerated caatinga (35 years) to evaluate the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P. The depth significantly affects the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P. Stocks and levels of SOC, N, and P were higher in regenerated caatinga > regenerating caatinga > degraded pasture. The regenerated caatinga increased SOC, N, and P stocks by 115%, 110%, and 117%, respectively, compared to the degraded pasture. Although 35 years of regeneration of the caatinga has improved soil fertility, the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P remain low.

The action of silicon as a salt stress mitigator has been investigated in isolation, and its combined efficacy with other salt stress mitigators needs to be addressed. This work verified whether silicon, in combination with organic matter and Trichoderma harzianum, enhances the production of forage sorghum under saline irrigation and its effects on soil properties. The field experiment was conducted in Parnamirim (PE), a semiarid region of Brazil. Forage sorghum (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) was irrigated with saline water (3.12 dS m−1) and subjected to the application of non-silicon, silicon alone, and silicon combined with Trichoderma and organic matter over three consecutive cuts (every three months after germination). Silicon applied in combination significantly increased the content of nutrient ions K+, P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in sorghum leaves, stems, and panicles and increased P content in the soil by 170, 288, and 92% for the first, second, and third cuts, respectively. When silicon was applied in combination, sorghum’s dry and fresh matter (total yield for the three cuts) increased to 62.53 and 182.43 t ha−1, respectively. In summary, applying silicon (Si) combined with Trichoderma and organic matter promotes higher nutrient ion contents in soil and sorghum plants and a higher forage sorghum yield.

Buriti or miriti (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree found in the Brazilian cerrado. Herein buriti petiole, part of the trunk that supports the leaves, was ground and used without any treatment as low density load to prepare poly(lactic acid) biocomposites. X-ray microtomography of buriti petiole showed its porous structure, with a wide pore size distribution determined with the aid of SEM. The obtained biocomposites with 1, 5 and 10 wt% of buriti petiole particles were investigated by their sessile drop contact angle, FTIR, TGA and tensile test. The tensile properties indicated poor adhesion between phases, which is crucial to optimize the biocomposite's performance. Further studies with fiber treatment are being planned.

This paper explores how the choices about, and implementation of, lean production practices are influenced by performance goals prioritized by firms in the context of operations strategy. We analyzed a set of 56 companies (divided into four strategic groups) in the auto parts industry in the cities of Campinas and Jundiaí areas (Brazil). These groups of firms that adopt similar strategic orientations were used to investigate the relationship between the implementation of lean manufacturing practices and the choice of performance objectives. The results suggest that taking into consideration strategic groups can improve the understanding of how performance objectives define lean manufacturing practices adopted by manufacturing companies.

Background The use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA)/minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) has increased due to its potential advantage over traditional surfactant delivery methods through an endotracheal tube. Known complications for this procedure include failure of the first attempt at insertion, desaturation, and bradycardia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema following LISA. Case presentation A preterm newborn born at 27 weeks of gestation presented with respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant replacement. LISA using the Hobart method was completed. There was a report of procedural difficulty related to increased resistance to insertion of the 16G angiocath. The newborn was subsequently noted to have subcutaneous emphysema over the anterior aspect of the neck and substantial pneumomediastinum on radiological assessment. Associated complications included hypotension requiring inotropic support. The newborn was successfully managed conservatively, with complete resolution of the air leak. Conclusions Upper airway injury leading to air leak syndrome is a rare complication of the Hobart method for LISA. Awareness of such procedural complications is important as the use of the LISA method increases.