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ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of donation coordinators in Canada and understand how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their work activities.DesignA sequential mixed-method design incorporating a cross-sectional survey investigating demographic data, substance use and abuse and perceived stress related to the pandemic and semistructured qualitative interviews to further investigate those.SettingOrgan donation organisations across Canada.ParticipantsCanadian organ and tissue donation coordinators working within deceased donation programmes. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique for the survey and qualitative interviews. Recruitment and data collection took place between January 2022 and March 2023.AnalysisThe data were analysed using descriptive statistics for the quantitative findings and content analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsOf the 175 available coordinators, 120 participated in the survey, and 39 participated in the qualitative interviews. The great majority were female (n=98; 81.7%), registered nurses (n=117; 97.5%) and on average 42 years old (SD=9.64). The survey result for perceived stress showed that, on average, coordinators did not experience high stress levels during the pandemic. We also identified an increase in the consumption of substances to manage workplace stress near the pandemic’s beginning. The qualitative interviews yielded two main themes (Personal Life Changes and Workplace Adjustments) in which coordinators reported their views on challenges with uncertainties, effects on their personal lives, redeployment, stressors and among others.ConclusionOur study’s results provide a comprehensive understanding of the perceptions and experiences of coordinators in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a combination of methods, we identified various ways coordinators were affected by the pandemic in their personal and professional lives. These findings highlight the need to support the development of adaptive strategies and promote resilience during crises.

ObjectivesTo collate and synthesise available literature on burnout and compassion fatigue (CF) among organ and tissue donation coordinators (OTDCs) and to respond to the research question: what is known about burnout and CF among OTDCs worldwide?DesignScoping review using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews.Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, PTSpubs and grey literature (ResearchGate, OpenGrey, Organ Donation Organization (ODO) websites, open access theses and dissertations) up to April 2020.Study selectionStudies reporting aspects of burnout and CF among OTDCs, including risk and protective factors.Data extractionTwo reviewers independently screened the studies for eligibility and extracted data from chosen sources using a data extraction tool developed for this study; NVIVO was used to perform a qualitative directed content analysis.ResultsThe searches yielded 741 potentially relevant records, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles were from the USA (n=7, 24%), Canada (n=6, 21%) and Brazil (n=6, 21%), published between 2013 and 2020 (n=13, 45%) in transplant journals (n=11, 38%) and used a qualitative design approach (n=12, 41%). In the thematic analysis, we classified the articles into five categories: (1) burnout characteristics, (2) CF characteristics, (3) coping strategies, (4) protective factors and (5) ambivalence.ConclusionWe identified aspects of burnout and CF among OTDCs, including defining characteristics, demographic predispositions, protective factors, coping strategies, precursors, consequences and personal ambivalences. Researchers described burnout and CF characteristics but did not use consistent terms when referring to CF and burnout, which may have hindered the identification of all relevant sources. This gap should be addressed by the application of consistent terminology, systematic approaches and appropriate research methods that combine quantitative and qualitative investigation to examine the underlying reasons for the development of burnout and CF among OTDCs.

Resumo Objetivo Discutir as relações de poder entre profissionais de saúde em ambientes de cuidado intensivo e sua interferência no processo de construção do conhecimento. Métodos Neste artigo filosófico, exploramos a influência das relações de poder na construção do conhecimento, a partir das perspectivas foucaultiana e crítica de Gramsci e Freire em relação às práticas de enfermagem e cuidados de saúde. Resultados Há quatro fontes de poder organizacional (tomada de decisão, critério, controle de recursos e controle de conhecimento/rede) que atuam em diferentes níveis das organizações de saúde. As unidades de terapia intensiva são um importante segmento do ambiente de saúde, e a complexidade no cotidiano dos profissionais desse setor pode dificultar as relações de poder no processo de construção do conhecimento. Por exemplo, quando profissionais externos à equipe da UTI, que detêm conhecimentos específicos, precisam ser contatados para auxiliar em casos, como durante o processo de doação e transplante de órgãos. Nesta situação, é necessário desconstruir o poder competitivo para construir o poder colaborativo. Conclusão Usando as perspectivas de Freire e Gramsci, argumentamos que a falta de conhecimento contribui para o poder competitivo, que pode ser superado se os indivíduos envolvidos participarem no processo de aprendizagem em direção ao poder colaborativo. Portanto, as estratégias ou ações para lidar com os desequilíbrios de poder interprofissional podem contribuir para a transformação e mudança mútua.

Background: Well-established performance measures for organ donation programs do not fully address the complexity and multifactorial nature of organ donation programs such as the influence of relationships and organizational attributes. Objective: To synthesize the current evidence on key organizational attributes and processes of international organ donation programs associated with successful outcomes and to generate a framework to categorize those attributes. Design: Scoping Review using a mixed methods approach for data extraction. Setting: Databases included PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, ABI Business ProQuest, Business Source Premier, and gray literature (organ donation association websites, Google Scholar—first 8 pages), and searches for gray literature were performed, and relevant websites were perused. Sample: Organ donation programs or processes. Methods: We systematically searched the literature to identify any research design, including text and opinion papers and unpublished material (research data, reports, institutional protocols, government documents, etc). Searches were completed on January 2018, updated it in May 2019, and lastly in March 2020. Title, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently by 2 reviewers with disagreements resolved by a third. Data extraction followed a mixed method approach in which we extracted specific details about study characteristics such as type of research, year of publication, origin/country of study, type of journal published, and key findings. Studies included considered definitions and descriptions of success in organ donation programs in any country by considering studies that described (1) attributes associated with success or effectiveness, (2) organ donation processes, (3) quality improvement initiatives, (4) definitions of organ donation program effectiveness, (5) evidence-based practices in organ donation, and (6) improvements or success in such programs. We tabulated the type and frequency of the presence or absence of reported improvement quality indicators and used a qualitative thematic analysis approach to synthesize results. Results: A total of 84 articles were included. Quantitative analysis identified that most of the included articles originated from the United States (n = 32, 38%), used quantitative approaches (n = 46, 55%), and were published in transplant journals (n = 34, 40.5%). Qualitative analysis revealed 16 categories that were described as positively influencing success/effectiveness of organ donation programs. Our thematic analysis identified 16 attributes across the 84 articles, which were grouped into 3 categories influencing organ donation programs’ success: context (n = 39, 46%), process (n = 48, 57%), and structural (n = 59, 70%). Limitations: Consistent with scoping review methodology, the methodological quality of included studies was not assessed. Conclusions: This scoping review identified a number of factors that led to successful outcomes. However, those factors were rarely studied in combination representing a gap in the literature. Therefore, we suggest the development and reporting of primary research investigating and measuring those attributes associated with the performance of organ donation programs holistically. Trial Registration: Not applicable.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os níveis de não-adesão à terapia imunossupressora em uma amostra de receptores de transplante de fígado utilizando a Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale; correlacionar as características sociodemográficas e os fatores clínicos à não-adesão medicamentosa. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico e transversal, realizado entre março 2016 e março 2018 no ambulatório de transplante de fígado da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Resultados Foram avaliados 49 pacientes. O nível de não-adesão medicamentosa no transplante de fígado foi de 49% e esteve diretamente relacionado ao uso do ácido micofenólico (p=0,007) e à administração de múltiplas doses de imunossupressores diariamente (p=0,004). Não foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a não-adesão à terapia imunossupressora e as características sociodemográficas e demais variáveis clínicas analisadas. Conclusão Este estudo mostrou que quase a metade dos pacientes deixaram de aderir à terapia imunossupressora no pós transplante de fígado. Uma vez que os desfechos desfavoráveis no transplante estão intimamente relacionados à falhas na adesão, é importante os enfermeiros avaliarem esse comportamento durante o seguimento ambulatorial dos receptores de transplante de fígado. Resumen Objetivo Analizar los niveles de no adhesión a la terapia inmunosupresora en una muestra de receptores de trasplante de hígado utilizando la Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale y correlacionar las características sociodemográficas y los factores clínicos con la no adhesión a los medicamentos. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico y transversal realizado entre marzo de 2016 y marzo de 2018 en los consultorios externos de trasplante de hígado de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. Resultados Fueron analizados 49 pacientes. El nivel de no adhesión a los medicamentos del trasplante de hígado fue de 49% y está directamente relacionado con el uso de ácido micofenólico (p=0,007) y con la administración de varias dosis inmunosupresoras diariamente (p=0,004). No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la no adhesión a la terapia inmunosupresora y las características sociodemográficas y demás variables clínicas analizadas. Conclusión Este estudio mostró que casi la mitad de los pacientes dejó de realizar la terapia inmunosupresora en el postrasplante de hígado. Dado que los desenlaces desfavorables del trasplante están íntimamente relacionados con fallas en la adhesión, es importante que los enfermeros evalúen ese comportamiento durante el seguimiento ambulatorio de los receptores de trasplante de hígado. Abstract Objective Assessing the level of non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in a sample of liver transplantation recipients using the Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale; correlating socio-demographic features and clinical factors to medication non-adherence. Methods This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted between March 2016 and March 2018 at the outpatient service for liver transplantations of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results Forty-nine patients were assessed. The level of medication non-adherence after liver transplantation was 49%. It was directly correlated to the use of mycophenolic acid (p=0.007) and to multiple daily dosing of immunosuppressant medication (p=0.004). No statistically significant correlations were found between non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy, socio-demographic features, and the remaining clinical variables assessed. Conclusion This study shows that nearly half of all patients are not compliant with immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Given poor liver transplantation outcomes are intimately related to adherence failure, nurses need to assess this behavior in outpatient follow-up of liver transplantation recipients.

To collate and summarize the literature on what quality improvement tools have been developed on safety of deceased organ donation processes for donation after circulatory determination of death and neurological determination of death. The increasing organ shortage requires that organ donation organizations take preventive measures to improve their processes and maximize organ donation opportunities. Quality improvement tools can be used to facilitate daily activities, prevent errors and enhance organ donation processes. Still, there is a paucity of comprehensive evidence around the use of these strategies to manage organ donation processes. Scoping review methodology according to the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science – Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index and Academic Search Complete. We will also conduct a web search of Google and request unpublished material (e.g., institutional protocols and quality improvement tools) from key stakeholders in the organ donation field worldwide and we will consider reports dated after 2000. Two independent reviewers will screen the literature against the inclusion criteria, extract data according to the data extraction tool and perform descriptive analysis. Results will be assembled, summarized and presented through tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary to answer the review question. Results from this scoping review will be used to develop and update quality improvement tools in decease organ donation, will be used to guide the second phase of a study aiming at developing a set of quality improvement tools to decease organ donation process, as well as these results can be used to inform future policy development in deceased organ donation.

ObjectiveTo collate and summarise the literature on the quality improvement tools that have been developed for deceased organ donation processes after circulatory determination of death and neurological determination of death.DesignScoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework.Data sourcesWe searched for published (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) and unpublished literature (organ donation organisation websites worldwide). The search was initially conducted on 17 July 2021 and updated on 1 June 2022. Included articles discussed the creation and/or use of quality improvement tools to manage deceased organ donation processes. Two independent reviewers screened the references, extracted and analysed the data.Results40 references were included in this review, and most records were written in English (n=38), originated in Canada (n=21), published between 2016 and 2022 (n=22), and were specific for donation after neurological determination of death (n=20). The tools identified included checklists, algorithms, flow charts, charts, pathways, decision tree maps and mobile apps. These tools were applied in the following phases of the organ donation process: (1) potential donor identification, (2) donor referral, (3) donor assessment and risk, (4) donor management, (5) withdrawal of life-sustaining measures, (6) death determination, (7) organ retrieval and (8) overall organ donation process.ConclusionsWe conducted a thorough investigation of the available quality improvement tools for deceased organ donation processes. The existing evidence lacks details in the report of methods used for development, testing and impact of these tools, and we could not locate tools specific for some phases of the organ donation process. Lastly, by mapping existing tools, we aim to facilitate both clinician choices among available tools, as well as research work building on existing knowledge.

Abstract Objectives: to report the results of evaluation regarding changes in the number of potential donor referrals, actual donors, and conversion rates after the implementation of an in-house organ and tissue donation for transplantation coordination project. Methods: epidemiological study, both retrospective and transversal, was performed with organ donation data from the Secretariat of Health for the State and the in-house organ donation coordination project of a beneficent hospital. The data was compared using nonparametric statistical Mann-Whitney test, and the Student's t-test, considering a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), before and after the implementation of the project on the number of potential donor notification/month (3.05 - 4.7 ), number of actual donor/month (0.78 to 1.60) and rate of conversion ( 24.7 to 34.8 %). The hospitals 1, 2, 7 and 8 had significant results in potential donor, actual donor or conversion rate. Conclusion: the presence of an in-house coordinator is promising and beneficial, the specialist is important to change the indicators of efficiency, which consequently reduces the waiting lists for organ transplants. Resumen Objetivos: presentar los resultados de la evaluación en relación a los cambios en el número de posibles donantes, donantes efectivos, y las tasas de conversión después de la puesta en práctica de un proyecto de coordinación intrahospitalaria para la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplantes. Métodos: un estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo y transversal, se llevó a cabo con los datos de la donación de órganos de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado y el proyecto de coordinación intrahospitalaria para la donación de órganos de un hospital de beneficencia. Los datos se compararon mediante la prueba no paramétrica estadística de Mann-Whitney y la prueba t de Student, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0,05), antes y después de la ejecución del proyecto sobre el número de notificaciones de posibles donantes / mes (3,05 - 4,7), el número de donantes efectivos / mes (0,78 a la 1,60) y la tasa de conversión (un 24,7 a la del 34,8%). Los hospitales 1, 2, 7 y 8 tuvieron resultados significativos en donantes posibles, donantes efectivos o tasa de conversión. Conclusión: la presencia de un coordinador de la entidad es prometedor y beneficioso, el especialista es importante para cambiar los indicadores de eficiencia, lo que consecuentemente reduce las listas de espera para trasplantes de órganos. Resumo Objetivos: apresentar os resultados da avaliação em relação às mudanças no número de potenciais doadores, doadores efetivos, e as taxas de conversão após a implementação do projeto de coordenação intra-hospitalar para doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e transversal, que foi realizado com os dados da doação de órgãos da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado e o projeto de coordenação interna de doação de órgãos de um hospital beneficente. Os dados foram comparados utilizando estatísticas não paramétricas de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05) e o teste t de Student, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p <0,05) antes e depois da implementação do projeto sobre o número de notificação de potencial doador /mês (3,05 - 4,7), número de doadores efetivos/mês (0,78 - 1,60) e a taxa de conversão (24,7 - 34,8%). Os hospitais 1, 2, 7 e 8 tiveram resultados significativos com potenciais doadores, doadores efetivos e taxas de conversão. Conclusão: a presença de um coordenador intra-hospitalar é promissora e benéfica e o especialista é importante para mudar os indicadores de eficiência, o que consequentemente reduz as listas de espera para transplantes de órgãos.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of implementing interventions guided by six leading indicators, and the effectiveness of these interventions on improving employeeʼs perception of their organizationʼs health and safety climate. METHOD:A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used in two hospitals. Occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) were assessed using the Leading Indicator Assessment Tool. To address the gaps identified in the assessment, tailored interventions were developed, pilot tested, and evaluated. Data were collected pre- and post-interventions. RESULTS:Interventions were developed to improve three leading indicatorssenior management commitment, employee involvement, and communication. Overall, both sites supported using leading indicators to guide proactive interventions. Employees’ perceptions of the health and safety climate improved at one site only. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest the utilization of leading indicators to assess an organizationʼs current OHSMS, identify areas for improvement, and implement tailored interventions is feasible to support a culture of safety in healthcare.