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Maternity rights are perceived and fulfilled differently according to women’s psychosocial characteristics, leading to varying maternal experiences and outcomes. It is necessary to know the impact of cultural context, emotional well-being, and resource availability on the maternal woman’s clinical care experience. The aim is to identify if these factors contribute to disparities in the perception of maternity rights fulfillment in Spain and Colombia. This retrospective observational study focused on women who received maternity-related healthcare in Spain or Colombia. A total of 185 women were included (Spanish = 53; Colombian = 132). Data collected included social and obstetric history, as well as psychological variables such as resilience, positive and negative affect, derailment, and maternity beliefs. The study also assessed women’s knowledge of healthcare rights (MatCODE), perceptions of resource scarcity (MatER), and the fulfillment of maternity rights (FMR). C-section was more prevalent in Colombia, where women also scored higher on maternity beliefs as a sense of life and as a social duty compared to Spanish women. Conversely, FMR was higher in the Spanish context. Colombian women reported lower levels of social support and less involvement in medical decision-making. The FMR was positively correlated with positive affect, MatCODE, and MatER. Predictive modeling identified negative factors for FMR, including giving birth in Colombia (β = −0.30 [−0.58; −0.03]), previous miscarriage (β = −0.32 [−0.54; −0.09]), C-section in the most recent labor (β = −0.46 [−0.54; −0.0]), and higher MatER scores. Positive predictors included gestational age, maternal age, and previous C-section (β = 0.39 [0.11; 0.66]). The perception of the fulfillment of maternity rights depends on socio-healthcare contexts, women’s age, obstetric history, and resources. It is suggested to apply culturally sensitive strategies focused on women’s needs in terms of information, emotional and social support, privacy, and autonomy to manage a positive experience.

The fulfillment of rights to maternal healthcare is a key factor for the wellbeing of women. However, there is a lack of an instrument to ascertain the experience of women during maternity to enable adequate monitoring. The aim of this study was to validate a new instrument to measure women’s perception of the fulfillment of rights during healthcare in pregnancy and childbirth and immediately postpartum. The initial version of the instrument consists of 50 items and was validated using exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, the final version of the instrument consists of 29 items and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and known-group validity. The instrument was applied to 185 Spanish women. The global Aiken’s V of the initial instrument proposal was 0.89. The process resulted in an instrument with five factors (information, privacy, consent, support, and participation) that explained the 60% of the total variance. The score of the instrument was correlated with resilience, maternity beliefs, and positive and negative affect. External validation showed relations with age, gravida, and the number of times a woman has been in labor. Additionally, the Cronbach’s α reliability was 0.93 [0.91; 0.94]. In conclusion, the instrument developed is consistent and has appropriate psychometric properties for assessing the fulfillment rights of maternity healthcare.

Background: Unfulfillment of maternity rights in healthcare is a global problem associated with abuse, neglect and discrimination, known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) vulnerability. Women’s perceptions of their experience are a keystone to improving maternity healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the women’s perceptions of the vulnerability of maternity rights and the associated risk and protective factors. Methods: This study was carried out by qualitative techniques based on the analysis of a semi-structured interview applied to six women in the postpartum period with pregnancy assistance and birth in Spain and Colombia between February and August of 2024. A triangulation analysis was performed about the perceptions of the concept, experiences and risk and protective factors of OB/GYN vulnerability. The free-access ATLAS.ti software was used. Results: OB/GYN vulnerability is generally perceived by women with a psychological impact. Women think that their own factors (emotion management, social support, attitude to change and beliefs), health professional factors (burnout, empathy and social skills) and health institution factors (workload, centralization in technical and protocols, humanization, quality and access to recourses) have an influence to modulate the vulnerability of rights in maternity healthcare. Conclusions: It is necessary for health systems to move from a protocol-centered to a person-centered model, particularly in maternity healthcare. This model should include the biopsychosocial needs of women and allow for their participation. Health institutions need to evaluate their processes and minimize burnout in health professionals. In addition, there are factors affecting OB/GYN vulnerability not only in childbirth but also during pregnancy and postpartum.

El maltrato contra las personas adultas mayores puede darse en diversos contextos. Uno de los entornos con alto riesgo de maltrato son las instituciones que prestan servicios geriátricos, los cuidadores directos y los administrativos son quienes suelen ejercer los malos tratos en estos contextos. Es por lo anterior que se propone esta investigación cuantitativa de alcance correlacional, en la que se implementa un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia para obtener una muestra de 96 personas, de 23 centros de bienestar de Santander. Se utilizó una encuesta ad hoc de 33 preguntas dirigida a cuidadores y administrativos de las instituciones geriátricas. La finalidad del estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre el reporte de maltrato contra el adulto mayor y el riesgo de maltrato geriátrico asociado al cuidador formal. La muestra evaluada evidencia una baja prevalencia de maltrato y un bajo riesgo de maltrato, mientras que los reportes de negligencia y maltrato psicológico fueron los más elevados. Se identificó que la presencia del maltrato se asocia con factores de riesgo, como percibir una pérdida de interés por la labor y desagrado por trabajar con la población mayor. Adicionalmente, en los cuidadores formales, el maltrato se relaciona con el pensamiento de que tienen demasiadas responsabilidades, y en los administrativos se relaciona con la creencia de que no ofrecen cuidados óptimos. Entender los factores de riesgo de maltrato asociados a los cuidadores ‒como la presencia de estereotipos, inadecuado ambiente laboral y percepción de carga laboral‒ son vitales para el diseño de estrategias que permitan prevenir esta forma de maltrato.   Abuse against older adults can occur in various contexts, one of the environments with a high risk of abuse is the institutions that provide geriatric services; Direct and administrative caregivers are the ones who usually carry out ill-treatment. It is for the above that this quantitative research of correlational scope is proposed, in which a non-probabilistic convenience sampling is implemented to obtain a sample of 96 people from 23 Welfare Centers in Santander. An ad hoc survey of 33 questions addressed to caregivers and administrators of geriatric institutions was used. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the report of abuse against the elderly and the risk of geriatric abuse associated with the formal caregiver. The sample evaluated shows a low prevalence of abuse and a low risk of abuse; the highest reports were about neglect and psychological abuse. It was identified that the presence of abuse is associated with risk factors such as perceiving a loss of interest in work and dislike of working with the elderly population; additionally, in formal caregivers, mistreatment is related to the thought that they have too many responsibilities, and in administrative caregivers it is related to the belief that they do not offer optimal care. Understanding the risk factors for abuse associated with caregivers, such as the presence of stereotypes, an inadequate work environment and the perception of workload, are vital for designing strategies to prevent this form of abuse.

Postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be prevalent, and disabling women with mental disorders and obstetric violence (OV) may be a trigger for them, particularly during maternity. We aimed to analyze the association between manifestations of OV with the development of PPD and PTSD during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement and explored original articles published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 21 articles were included in the analysis, and bias was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool. The highest rate of PPD symptoms appeared in women under 20 years old, multiparous, and with low education levels. The higher PTSD ratio was present in women under 35 years, primiparous, and with secondary studies. The mode of labor (instrumental or C-section) was identified as a major risk factor of PPD, being mediator variables of the informal coercion of health professionals and dissatisfaction with newborn healthcare. Instead, partner support during labor and high satisfaction with healthcare during birth were protective factors. Regarding PTSD, the mode of labor, several perineal tears, and the Kristeller technique were risk factors, and loss of autonomy and coercion modulated PTSD symptomatology. The protective factors for PTSD were respect for the labor plan, adequate communication with health professionals, social support during labor, and the skin-to-skin procedure. This systematic review provides evidence that OV contributes to PPD and PTSD, being important in developing standardized tools to prevent it. This study recommends changes in maternal healthcare policies, such as individualized healthcare assistance, humanized pregnancy protocols, and women’s mental health follow-up, and improvements in the methodological quality of future research.

Background/Objectives: Resources to cope with maternity and women’s participation are essential modulators of maternal well-being. Therefore, it is relevant that the psychosocial factors of woman be monitored during maternity to promote adequate healthcare. This study involved the design and the validation of two new tools that identify women’s knowledge of healthcare rights (MatCODE) and perception of resource scarcity (MatER) during pregnancy, labor and early postpartum; Methods: The content validity was carried out using the Aiken’s V coefficient and the content validity index (CVI-i) based on five experts. In addition, for the face validity, the pilot cohort was considered the INFLESZ scale. Finally, the questionnaires were applied to 185 women, which allowed to assess the construct validation by factorial and Rasch analysis. The divergent validity was also studied with validated psychological questionnaires; Results: MatCODE and MatER questionnaires received CVI-i and Aiken’s V > 0.80 values, and the INFLESZ demonstrated acceptable semantic understanding. The analysis confirms the unidimensionality of the questionnaires, with fit values for MatCODE of RMSEA = 0.113 [0.105; 0.122] and for MatER of RMSEA = 0.067 [0.063; 0.072]. The divergent validity showed significant and consistent correlations with the constructs assessed. For MatCODE, ω = 0.95 and α = 0.94, and for MatER, ω = 0.79 and α = 0.78; Conclusions: MatCODE and MatER are useful new tools for monitoring maternal healthcare, with adequate psychometric characteristics in the Spanish context.

In this simple case study, it was aimed at providing psychological support to an elderly patient with a diagnosis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Grade III Diabetic Foot, in coping with supracondylar amputation. At the end of the treatment plan, it was evident in the patient: (1) increase in adherence to treatment, their health behaviors and their active role in the recovery process, (2) decrease in irritability and depressive symptomatology, (3) increase in the perception of control and use of internal / external resources, (4) decrease in the perception of pain intensity and increase in their ability to modulate pain and (5) increase in the participation of their family group and commitment in promoting the patient's quality of life. También se aplicó una batería de pruebas compuesta por el Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (Folstein y Cols, 1975), el Test del dibujo del reloj (TR) (Freedman et al.,1994; Tuokko, 1990; Cacho, García-García, Arcaya, Vicente y Lantada, 1999), la Escala de depresión geriátrica (SDG-15) (Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986; Bacca, González & Uribe, 2005) y el Índice de Calidad de vida (QLI-sp) (Mezzich, 2000). Así mismo, respecto al TR, complementario en la valoración del estado cognitivo, se encontraron puntuaciones de 3 en el Test de reloj a la orden (TRO) y de 7 en el Test del reloj a la copia (TRC), lo que se considera una puntuación positiva para el deterioro asociado al Trastorno Neurocognitivo Mayor tipo Alzheimer.

Illness perception and coping styles are related to the perceived quality of life in chronic illness. This study aimed at identifying beliefs about illness and coping strategies as predictors of health related quality of life in a sample of 80 patients (68.6% men and 31.3% women) who were attending the cardiac rehabilitation program at the Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, based in Bucaramanga. In order to achieve this objective, the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), the Coping Strategies Scale- Modified (CSS-M) and the Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were administered to the participants. The statistical results show the influence of passive coping strategies and of beliefs focused on the constraints inherent to their pathology on the poor quality of life of the assessed sample. They also show religion as a protective strategy for coping with cardiovascular disease.

La percepción de enfermedad y los estilos de afrontamiento se relacionan con la percepción de calidad de vida en la enfermedad crónica. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la identificación de las creencias sobre la enfermedad y las estrategias de afrontamiento predictoras de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en una muestra de 80 pacientes (68.6% hombres y 31.3% mujeres) asistentes al programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular de la Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, con sede en Bucaramanga. Para ello se aplicaron el Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), la Escala de Estrategias de Coping Modificada (EEC-M) y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud SF-36. Los resultados estadísticos evidencian la influencia del empleo de las estrategias de afrontamiento pasivas sobre la baja calidad de vida en la muestra valorada, así como de las creencias focalizadas en las limitaciones que conlleva la patología; asimismo, muestra a la religión como una estrategia protectora en el afrontamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular.

Illness perception and coping styles are related to the perceived quality of life in chronic illness. This study aimed at identifying beliefs about illness and coping strategies as predictors of health related quality of life in a sample of 80 patients (68.6% men and 31.3% women) who were attending the cardiac rehabilitation program at the Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, based in Bucaramanga. In order to achieve this objective, the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), the Coping Strategies Scale-Modified (CSS-M) and the Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were administered to the participants. The statistical results show the influence of passive coping strategies and of beliefs focused on the constraints inherent to their pathology on the poor quality of life of the assessed sample. They also show religion as a protective strategy for coping with cardiovascular disease.