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"Simmel, Georg"
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The Philosophy of Money
With a new foreword by Charles Lemert
'Its greatness...lies in ceaseless and varied use of the money form to unearth and conceptually reveal incommensurabilities of all kinds, in social reality fully as much as in thought itself.' - Fredric Jameson
In The Philosophy of Money, Georg Simmel puts money on the couch. He provides us with a classic analysis of the social, psychological and philosophical aspects of the money economy, full of brilliant insights into the forms that social relationships take. He analyzes the relationships of money to exchange, human personality, the position of women, and individual freedom. Simmel also offers us prophetic insights into the consequences of the modern money economy and the division of labour, in particular the processes of alienation and reification in work and urban life.
An immense and profound piece of work it demands to be read today and for years to come as a stunning account of the meaning, use and culture of money.
Georg Simmel (1858-1918) was born in Berlin, the youngest of seven children. He studied philosophy and history at the University of Berlin and was one of the first generation of great German sociologists that included Max Weber.
eBook
Suurlinn ja vaimuelu
The deepest problem of modern life is the individual's desire to preserve the independence and uniqueness of his existence in opposition to the supremacy of society, historical heritage, external manifestations of culture and technology in life - a transformed form of the struggle that primitive man had to have with nature for the sake of his physical existence. After all, the 18th century could have called for liberation from all the national and religious, moral and economic shackles formed throughout history, so that the originally good nature, which is the same in all people, could develop unhindered; In addition to mere freedom, the 19th century could also emphasize the uniqueness of a person and his work contribution, which results from the division of labor and makes the individual unique and inevitably necessary, but places him in a stronger dependence on the additional contribution of everyone else; Nietzsche could consider the ruthless struggle of the individual as a condition for the perfect development of the individual, socialism, on the other hand, keeping all competition at a low level, but one basic motive runs through all of this: the subject's opposition to the leveling and exhaustion of his person by social and technical mechanisms. If we ask the characteristic products of today about their inner world (Innerlichkeit), so to speak, about the body of culture about its soul - which I consider obligatory today in the case of our big cities - one would have to look into the equation that such formations create about the relationship between the individual and supra-individual contents of life, in order to find the answer. those personality adaptations by which the individual reconciles himself with external forces.
Journal Article
On the Methodology of Social Science
The question of the essence of knowledge – its meaning, its origin, its justification – seldomly disquiets the human mind as would be befitting for the depth and significance of the issue. As long as cognition provides useful content for both the practical as well as the ideational facets of life, we do not question its foundations; only when, based on our inner needs, we conceive of its results as unsatisfactory or antagonistic do we elevate the crucial problem of its justification, its meaning, its validity of this cognition to the forefront. Thus Kant’s epistemological critique formed, spanning a century and a half of the development in the natural sciences with the exception of mathematics and mechanics, and this critique was enthroned as legitimized knowledge contents, thus erecting a terrible contrast vis-à-vis the needs of the mind. Social-scientific cognition appears today to require a principled critique of itself, since in the never-ending disagreement about its content only one thing emerges without dispute: Its inadequacy in terms of the pressing need of time, which nevertheless seeks to appeal to this cognition.
Journal Article
EXCURSO SOBRE O PROBLEMA: COMO É POSSÍVEL A SOCIEDADE?
Resumo Este texto foi originalmente publicado em 1908, em alemão, como parte da Soziologie - considerada a obra sociológica maior de Simmel. Ofereço aqui uma tradução deste. No texto propriamente dito, o autor tem em vista descrever e investigar três condições a priori na base das quais a sociedade empírica como a conhecemos seria possível. O próprio autor apresenta a discussão como um esboço teórico. Este é guiado por uma série de comparações positivas e negativas entre a natureza segundo Kant e a sociedade, e aborda (de maneira não sistemática, mas bastante pioneira, considerando o estado da arte de seu tempo) diversas questões que se tornariam centrais para a teoria social que estava por vir. Abstract This text was originally published in 1908, in German, within Simmel's Soziologie - which is considered his major sociological work. Here I offer a translation of it to Portuguese. In the text itself, the author endeavors to depict and investigate three a priori conditions upon which empirical society, as we know it, would be possible. Simmel himself framed the discussion as a theoretical draft. This draft is guided by a chain of positive and negative comparisons between nature according to Kant and society, and tackles (in a non-systematic, but fairly pioneer fashion, considering the epoch's state of the art) many questions that would turn out to be key ones to the social theory yet to come.
Journal Article