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In patients with respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation aims to balance respiratory muscle loading and gas exchange. The interplay between the ventilator and the respiratory muscles is an increasingly recognized factor in tailoring ventilatory support. Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a non-invasive modality to monitor the respiratory muscles. The sEMG signal, however, requires elaborate processing, which is limitedly standardized and documented. This paper presents the Respiratory Surface Electromyography (ReSurfEMG) package, an open-source Python package for respiratory sEMG analysis developed to address these challenges. ReSurfEMG integrates denoising, feature extraction, and quality assessment in one dedicated library. The effects of over- and under-filtering were compared to ReSurfEMG default settings regarding waveform duration, time-to-peak, amplitude, electrical time product (ETP), pseudo-slope, pseudo-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), area under the baseline (AUB), and bell-curve error. Under-filtering increased amplitudes (+21%) and ETPs (+10%). Over-filtering smoothed sEMG waveforms, reducing amplitude (−58%), ETP (−39%), and pseudo-slope (−49%), while waveform duration and time-to-peak increased. Default ReSurfEMG settings provided the highest SNRs with similar or lower AUBs and bell-curve errors. The ReSurfEMG library integrates advanced methods dedicated to respiratory sEMG analysis. Systematic assessment using ReSurfEMG showed that signal processing settings affect sEMG features. ReSurfEMG enables reproducible signal processing, facilitating the standardization of respiratory sEMG analysis.

Planet formation occurs around a wide range of stellar masses and stellar system architectures 1 . An improved understanding of the formation process can be achieved by studying it across the full parameter space, particularly towards the extremes. Earlier studies of planets in close-in orbits around high-mass stars have revealed an increase in giant planet frequency with increasing stellar mass 2 until a turnover point at 1.9 solar masses ( M ⊙ ), above which the frequency rapidly decreases 3 . This could potentially imply that planet formation is impeded around more massive stars, and that giant planets around stars exceeding 3  M ⊙ may be rare or non-existent. However, the methods used to detect planets in small orbits are insensitive to planets in wide orbits. Here we demonstrate the existence of a planet at 560 times the Sun–Earth distance from the 6- to 10- M ⊙ binary b Centauri through direct imaging. The planet-to-star mass ratio of 0.10–0.17% is similar to the Jupiter–Sun ratio, but the separation of the detected planet is about 100 times wider than that of Jupiter. Our results show that planets can reside in much more massive stellar systems than what would be expected from extrapolation of previous results. The planet is unlikely to have formed in situ through the conventional core accretion mechanism 4 , but might have formed elsewhere and arrived to its present location through dynamical interactions, or might have formed via gravitational instability. A direct imaging study demonstrates the existence of a giant planet in a wide orbit around the high-mass b Centauri binary system, and uses measurements of the orbital properties to discuss its formation mechanism.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of a flushing ration containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and jackfruit leaf extracts (JLEs) on the follicle growth, reproductive hormone profiles and oxidative stress state of doelings.Methods: Fifteen primiparous Boer×Jawarandu doelings (23.21±3.57 kg body weight, 10– 11 months old) were divided into three groups: control (PUFA flushing ration), control+JLE (200 mg/kg dry matter intake [DMI]), and control+Ca-soap (calcium soap)+JLE (200 mg/kg DMI). The following parameters were measured: production performances, follicle development, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, estradiol, and progesterone concentration.Results: The doelings’ glucose levels showed significant differences (p<0.05) during the post-flushing phase, on days 19, and day 21 after estrus. An increase in glucose level was observed following the administration of the control+Ca-soap+JLE ration. However, on day 21 after estrus, the highest glucose level was detected in the control+JLE treatment group (p<0.05). In addition, the doelings’ cholesterol levels were elevated on days 19 and 21 with the administration of the control+JLE ration. These changes in glucose and cholesterol levels between phases are presumed to be associated with the increased demand for hormone synthesis and follicular development. JLE supplementation reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels across all phases (p<0.05), indicating lower oxidative stress. Moreover the administration of the control+JLE flushing ration resulted in the highest estradiol hormone level on day 19 after estrus compared to other treatments. This finding is consistent with the greater number of medium-sized follicles observed in doelings receiving the same treatment. Additionally, including JLE in the flushing ration also resulted in increased doelings’ progesterone hormone levels during the luteal phase.Conclusion: JLE can mitigate oxidative stress by reducing blood MDA levels during the pre-mating phase. Follicle formation, especially of larger and medium-sized follicles, may be accelerated when a flushing proportion of PUFA is combined with JLE.

A study has been carried out to determine the correct dosage for using a combination of saponin and vaccine in an in ovo formula on hatchability and early growth performance. There were four levels of saponin use (0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 microgram) arranged using a factorial design with two factors, namely saponin level as the first factor, while whether or not vaccine was used as the second factor, so there were eight formula combinations. Each formula combination was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, then injected into the amnion of fertile eggs of Sentul chickens during incubation for 18 days (0.5 ml/egg) using an automatic injector machine with a 20G needle. The results showed that increasing saponin levels combined with vaccines as an ingredient in the in ovo feeding formula results in decreased hatchability. A very significant decrease occurred at the 4.5 µg level. The average hatchability of vaccine treatment was significantly better than those treated without vaccine. There is no interaction effect of the two materials on hatchability. However, the interaction effect was seen in all parameters of early growth performance of Sentul chicken during the 4 weeks of observation. The vaccine treatment will be more effective if it is used separately or not mixed with saponin (0.0 µg), while the use of saponin without vaccine will produce the best weight gain and feed efficiency when used at the highest dose level (4.5 µg).

Indigofera zollingeriana is a superior livestock feed with high nutrient content and abundant biomass. Seasonal variations in Indonesia typically affect its production levels. Silage technology can be employed ti prevent wastage og forage during abundant harvest seasons and ensure sufficient forage availability during lean periods in summer. High nutrient content in the forage, particularly protein, tends to break down during the effectiveness of adding molasses and gambier leaf extract as sources of phytochemical compounds on the quality of Indigofera zollingeriana silage and rumen fermentatitom in vitro. The study was designed using a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replocations. Treatments included T1: indigofera leaves without additives, T2: indigofera leaves + 2% molasses, T3: T2 + 1% gambier leaf extract, T4: T2 + 2% gambier leaf extract, T5: T2 + 4% gambier leaf extract. Results indicated that adding molasses and gambier leaf extract positively influenced silage quality, characterized by a pleasant odor, absence of fungus, firm texture, and green color. On the other hand, silage without additives has a foul odor, wet texture, and fungus growth, posing risks for livestock. The dry matter content of the silage increased with higher amounts of gambier leaf extrct additive. The best ammonia content from in vitro fermentation was observed in silage treated with 2% gambier leaf extraxt. In conclusion, molasses and gambier leaf extrxt additives enhance the quality of Indigofera zollingeriana silage, with the optimal addition being 2%.

The unity of local culture in Indonesia is the national culture which represented the identity of Indonesia. There are many cultural resources of our nation which needs to preserved and improved to maintain the national identity of Indonesia. The art of crafting from Toraja contains value and philosophy which based on the values of local wisdom as the part of Toraja and national culture. The application of Virtual Encyclopedia of Toraja Crafting Art which based on information and communication technology (ICT) is developed in order to integrate the culture in education for preservation, improvement, and education of cultural noble values for Indonesia especially the culture of crafting art in Toraja. There are 128 kinds of Toraja crafting which are divided into four groups: i) Garontok Passuraq; ii) Passuraq iii) Todolo; iv) Passuraq Malollek; v) Passuraq Pakbarean. Toraja crafting has denotative and connotative meaning. The explicit and implicit meanings in Toraja cultural make the Toraja culture become very interesting and challenging. The explicit meaning of Toraja crafting is called denotative meaning which is objective. Meanwhile, the implicit meaning of Toraja crafting is called connotative meaning which is subjective.

This study focused on exploring and analyzing management planning in the administration of local government, management of public services, and governmental leadership, while determining and analyzing the problems faced in the district management, as well as the possible development model for district management. This study used the constructivist approach (discovery and assimilation), and it involved 10 respondents. The results showed that in the district management in East Flores regency, the management of planning had not been implemented optimally; the management of public services had not been implemented optimally, effectively and efficiently; and the governmental leadership had been properly implemented in terms of service, but it had not been optimally implemented in terms of administrative management duties. The management development in the aspect of management of planning was expected to be carried out through these stages: setting goals, developing commitment to goals, developing effective action plan, following the steps of achieving the goals, and maintaining flexibility of planning.

The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high-contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins, developing the techniques and technology for direct imaging of exoplanets is a driving focus for the community. For the first time, JWST will directly observe extrasolar planets at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond 5 μ m, deliver detailed spectroscopy revealing much more precise chemical abundances and atmospheric conditions, and provide sensitivity to analogs of our solar system ice-giant planets at wide orbital separations, an entirely new class of exoplanet. However, in order to maximize the scientific output over the lifetime of the mission, an exquisite understanding of the instrumental performance of JWST is needed as early in the mission as possible. In this paper, we describe our 55 hr Early Release Science Program that will utilize all four JWST instruments to extend the characterization of planetary-mass companions to ∼15 μ m as well as image a circumstellar disk in the mid-infrared with unprecedented sensitivity. Our program will also assess the performance of the observatory in the key modes expected to be commonly used for exoplanet direct imaging and spectroscopy, optimize data calibration and processing, and generate representative data sets that will enable a broad user base to effectively plan for general observing programs in future Cycles.

University of Christian Indonesia Paulus (UKI Paulus) currently already has the standard documents, policies and quality documents. Yet the implementation is not supported by an information system, so the socialization process for standards, policies and quality documents is ineffective and causes limited access for those who need it. Furthermore, the implementation of monitoring and evaluation quality audits is also inefficient and brings obstacles to the implementation of the quality assurance system. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used for the information and communication technology (ICT) based quality assurance management information system. The development of the UKI Paulus Quality Assurance Management Information System (SIM-MUTU UKI Paulus) uses a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) paradigm approach which consists of 5 stages: (1) identification of system requirements; (2) analysis and modeling system; (3) the system creation; (4) the system testing and restoration; and (5) implementation. The SIM-MUTU UKI Paulus which was developed is a web-based information system that provides convenience in managing the quality assurance at the university level. Various features developed in this system include: accreditation features, internal academic quality audit features and library features. System testing is carried out using white box testing and black box testing methods. 5 aspects usability testing questioners were given to 30 respondents, they are: (a) learnability, (b) efficiency, (c) memorability, (d) errors, (e) satisfaction and the result were 86.5%, 78, 2%, 75.0%, 72.5%, and 75.2% for each aspect. Based on the ISO 9241-11 indicator, the average level of usability is 77.5%. The results of this test indicated that the system run optimally, has a high level of usability with a feasibility rate of 86%. Higher education quality assurance management information system based on information and communication technology able to facilitate auditing and provide information with complete documentation related to the quality management business process in Higher Education. The utilization of technology in the form of implementing an information system support the quality assurance management process to be more automated without eliminating the business processes that have been running so far. This Information system also increase the value of an organization’s competitive advantage and facilitate the users in the decision-making processes.