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Demand for Green Buildings
In this study, we analyze the demand for green office building features among office tenants in the United States. An online survey of a random sample of office tenants in 17 major U.S. markets is employed. Respondents provided their perspective on green buildings and their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for green features. They have the highest WTP for improved indoor air quality and access to natural light. The results show that public firms, along with those in the energy and information technology industries are most likely to pay for green-labeled buildings. Regional and demographic preferences are shown in both WTP and attribute ranking. The findings provide implications for policymakers and property developers in terms of which green building features are considered to be most important for green building practices, and how demand for green features potentially differs across regions.
Journal Article
لون البشرة وأثره في العلاقات الإنسانية
تناول هذا الكتاب بحث إحدى خصائص لون البشرة الآدمية، التي لم يقدر أهميتها إلا قليل من الناس، ونعني بها تقسيم البشر على أساس اللون. من أجل ذلك كان للون أهمية كبرى فى العلاقات البشرية، التي نشأت عنها المسألة العنصرية. وهكذا كان مافي اللون البشري من فتنة سببا في كثير من المتاعب بسبب سوء الفهم أو سوء التصرف. هذا ولو أن الكاتب لا يدعي أنه أنصف هذه النعمة الطبيعية كل الإنصاف، لا إنه يرجو أن يكون قد أسهم في وضعها في مكانها الصحيح.
BOOK
Investigating patterns of interaction in networked learning and computer-supported collaborative learning: A role for Social Network Analysis
The focus of this study is to explore the advances that Social Network Analysis (SNA) can bring, in combination with other methods, when studying Networked Learning/Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (NL/CSCL). We present a general overview of how SNA is applied in NL/CSCL research; we then go on to illustrate how this research method can be integrated with existing studies on NL/CSCL, using an example from our own data, as a way to synthesize and extend our understanding of teaching and learning processes in NLCs. The example study reports empirical work using content analysis (CA), critical event recall (CER) and social network analysis (SNA). The aim is to use these methods to study the nature of the interaction patterns within a networked learning community (NLC), and the way its members share and construct knowledge. The paper also examines some of the current findings of SNA analysis work elsewhere in the literature, and discusses future prospects for SNA. This paper is part of a continuing international study that is investigating NL/CSCL among a community of learners engaged in a master's program in e-learning.
Journal Article
Student engagement and foreign language learning through online social networks
Introduction
Nowadays, one of the most important questions in teaching and learning involves increasing the degree of students’ engagement in learning. According to Astin’s Theory of Student engagement, the best learning environment is one in which it is possible to increase students’ engagement. The current study investigates the influences that using these networks for educational purposes may have on learners’ engagement, motivation, and learning.
Results
By a detailed comparison of a control group using face to face education and an experimental group using the social network Facebook, this study found significant differences between the two groups in terms of learning, engagement and motivation. The Facebook group showed higher outcomes in the TOEFL post-test than the face to face group with no differences in the pre-test. The Facebook group report significantly higher levels of engagement and motivation after the course than the face to face group.
Conclusion
Engagement was related to learning outcomes in the Facebook group, but not in the face to face group. Also the results of the Facebook group supported Astin’s theory (the fourth principle: ‘Development is proportional to quantity and quality of involvement’ and fifth principle ‘The effectiveness of any educational practice is directly related to the ability of that practice to increase student engagement’). No correlation between engagement and motivation was found. The discussion focuses on the role of engagement in learning.
Journal Article
Foster Mother-Infant Bonding: Associations Between Foster Mothers' Oxytocin Production, Electrophysiological Brain Activity, Feelings of Commitment, and Caregiving Quality
This study examined the biological processes associated with foster mother—infant bonding. In an examination of foster mother—infant dyads (N = 41, mean infant age = 8.5 months), foster mothers' oxytocin production was associated with their expressions of behavioral delight toward their foster infant and their average P3 response to images of all infant faces in the first 2 months of the relationship. Three months later, foster mothers' oxytocin production was still associated with delight toward their foster infant and was also specifically associated with their P3 response to an image of their foster infant. Similar to biologically related mothers and infants, oxytocin appears to be associated with foster mothers' brain activity and caregiving behavior, with patterns suggestive of bond formation.
Journal Article
Should Developers Build Convertible Parking Structures? Or Are They Just a Public Sector Investment?
Developers of urban parking decks—either stand-alone or ancillary to other uses like office, retail or housing—will soon face a decision brought on by the advent of driverless vehicles (DV): maximize short term cash flow and risk that these structures’ useful life will be cut short, or build sustainably and make them convertible to other land uses, thus extending useful life. Sustainable investment often involves higher up-front costs to preserve building life and therefore residual value in the long run. It may also require higher maintenance costs and lower cash flows to achieve the same goals. Thus any sustainable benefits from building reuse are essentially eliminated in present value terms, potentially leading to wasteful investment. With driverless cars and decreased parking demand as a frame of reference, this paper uses financial simulation modeling to look at the issue in the context of sustainable parking garages, and explores ways to predict the who, when, and where of upcoming investment parking structure decisions. Alternative paradigms for decision making (mini-max as opposed to purely profit maximization) are also explored. We find that under likely future market conditions for parking, developers will be hard pressed to make their required investment returns on new parking structures for holding periods of longer than 10 years on convertible structures, likely leaving the field to the public sector.
Journal Article
The N400 as an index of racial stereotype accessibility
The current research examined the viability of the N400, an event-related potential (ERP) related to the detection of semantic incongruity, as an index of both stereotype accessibility and interracial prejudice. Participants’ EEG was recorded while they completed a sequential priming task, in which negative or positive, stereotypically black (African American) or white (Caucasian American) traits followed the presentation of either a black or white face acting as a prime. ERP examination focused on the N400, but additionally examined N100 and P200 reactivity. Replicating and extending previous N400 stereotype research, results indicated that the N400 can indeed function as an index of stereotype accessibility in an interracial domain, as greater N400 reactivity was elicited by trials in which the face prime was incongruent with the target trait than when primes and traits matched. Furthermore, N400 activity was moderated by participants’ self-reported explicit bias. More explicitly biased participants demonstrated greater N400 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces than black traits following black faces. P200 activity was additionally associated with participants’ implicit biases, as more implicitly biased participants similarly demonstrated greater P200 reactivity to stereotypically white traits following black faces than black traits following black faces.
Journal Article
How do we trust strangers? The neural correlates of decision making and outcome evaluation of generalized trust
This study investigates the brain correlates of decision making and outcome evaluation of generalized trust (i.e. trust in unfamiliar social agents)—a core component of social capital which facilitates civic cooperation and economic exchange. We measured 18 (9 male) Chinese participants’ event-related potentials while they played the role of the trustor in a one-shot trust game with unspecified social agents (trustees) allegedly selected from a large representative sample. At the decision-making phase, greater N2 amplitudes were found for trustors’ distrusting decisions compared to trusting decisions, which may reflect greater cognitive control exerted to distrust. Source localization identified the precentral gyrus as one possible neuronal generator of this N2 component. At the outcome evaluation phase, principal components analysis revealed that the so called feedback-related negativity was in fact driven by a reward positivity, which was greater in response to gain feedback compared to loss feedback. This reduced reward positivity following loss feedback may indicate that the absence of reward for trusting decisions was unexpected by the trustor. In addition, we found preliminary evidence suggesting that the decision-making processes may differ between high trustors and low trustors.
Journal Article
Increasing negative emotions by reappraisal enhances subsequent cognitive control: A combined behavioral and electrophysiological study
To what degree do cognitively based strategies of emotion regulation impact subsequent cognitive control? Here, we investigated this question by interleaving a cognitive task with emotion regulation trials, where regulation occurred through cognitive reappraisal. In addition to obtaining self-reports of emotion regulation, we used the late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related brain potential as an objective index of emotion regulation. On each trial, participants maintained, decreased, or increased their emotional response to an unpleasant picture and then responded to a Stroop stimulus. Results revealed that (1) the magnitude of the LPP was decreased with reappraisal instructions to decrease negative emotion and were enhanced with reappraisal instructions to increase negative emotion; (2) after cognitive reappraisal was used to increase the intensity of negative emotion, RT interference in the subsequent Stroop trial was significantly reduced; and (3) increasing negative emotions by reappraisal also modulated the cognitive control-related sustained potential. These results suggest that increasing negative emotions by cognitive reappraisal heightens cognitive control, which may be sustained for a short time after the regulation event.
Journal Article