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All six Australian states have passed laws which now permit (or will, once commenced, permit) voluntary assisted dying ('VAD') in limited circumstances. One controversial feature of all these schemes is that access is restricted to patients who have been resident in the providing state for at least 12 months. We consider the possible justifications for this restricted access and, ultimately, whether it can be reconciled with s 117 of the Australian 'Constitution', which proscribes discrimination on the basis of out-of-state residence. We find that while excluding non-residents from VAD schemes may be proportionate to non-discriminatory policy goals, the exclusion of new residents of a state is harder to defend and leaves these laws open to constitutional challenge.

Most invasive bacterial infections are caused by species that more commonly colonize the human host with minimal symptoms. Although phenotypic or genetic correlates underlying a bacterium's shift to enhanced virulence have been studied, the in vivo selection pressures governing such shifts are poorly understood. The globally disseminated M1T1 clone of group A Streptococcus (GAS) is linked with the rare but life-threatening syndromes of necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome 1 . Mutations in the GAS control of virulence regulatory sensor kinase ( covRS ) operon are associated with severe invasive disease, abolishing expression of a broad-spectrum cysteine protease (SpeB) 2 , 3 and allowing the recruitment and activation of host plasminogen on the bacterial surface 4 . Here we describe how bacteriophage-encoded GAS DNase (Sda1), which facilitates the pathogen's escape from neutrophil extracellular traps 5 , 6 , serves as a selective force for covRS mutation. The results provide a paradigm whereby natural selection exerted by the innate immune system generates hypervirulent bacterial variants with increased risk of systemic dissemination.

Background With medically important arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) circulating in Europe and Usutu virus (USUV) currently present in the UK, it is imperative to identify areas in the UK at risk of establishment and spread of these viruses. Here, we describe a comprehensive nationwide field surveillance study conducted during July 2023 to map the distribution of the WNV and USUV competent vectors: Culex pipiens biotype pipiens , Culex pipiens biotype molestus and Culex torrentium , across England and Wales. Methods Mosquitoes were sampled for 3 trap nights (3TN) at 200 sites in rural, urban and suburban settings, selected using a lattice plus close pairs surveillance design. Field-caught samples were analysed using morphological and molecular approaches. Results A total of 2157 adult mosquitoes of the Culex genus were collected. Culex pipiens biotype pipiens dominated the resident Culex populations, comprising 1478 (95.8%) out of 1543 mosquitoes with confirmed molecular species identity. Culex torrentium were present in much lower numbers, with only 38 (2.5%) identified mostly and in the central and southwestern regions. Only five of the biotype molestus (0.3%) were identified in this study; however these were found in localities outside of London and in a rural location, with the biotype previously having been associated with human-made habitats. This study also found that hybrids of the pipiens and molestus biotypes are more widespread than previously recorded. In total, 22 hybrids (1.4%) were identified from counties as far west as Cornwall and as far north as Suffolk. Conclusions Coupled with reviews of previous UK Culex sp. surveys, this study provides essential data for the vectorial component of risk modelling of WNV and USUV in the UK, furthering the country’s preparedness for incursions of vector-borne diseases in the future. Graphical Abstract

\"A fascinating new book...[that] offers a lucid academic critique of Xuxa's persona.\" --Entertainment Weekly Former Playboy centerfold and soft-porn movie actress Xuxa (SHOO-sha) emerged in the 1980s as Brazil's mass media megastar. Through her children's television show, which reaches millions of people in Latin America and the United States, this blond sex symbol has attained extraordinary cultural authority. Reaching far beyond younger audiences, Xuxa's show informs the culture at large about gender relations, racial democracy, and idealized beauty. Backed by Brazil's TV Globo, the fourth-largest commercial network in the world, Xuxa has built an empire. Amelia Simoson's colorful portrayal is the first book to explore how Xuxa's representation of femininity, her privileging of a white ideal of beauty, and her promotional approach to culture perpetuate inequality on an unprecedented scale. Simpson's thoughtful analysis exposes the complicity of a mass audience eager to celebrate Xuxa's deeply compromised representations of gender, race, and modernity. Xuxa also explores the meaning behind the myth--Xuxa's long-term relationship with Brazil's soccer idol, Pelé, and the near-worship of her atypical blond, blue-eyed appearance by Brazil's population. As the author examines Xuxa's suggestive style juxtaposed with juvenile entertainment, and the phenomenon of Xuxa-look-alike teenaged paquitas, she unfold the symbolic territory of blond sex symbols worldwide. \"Simpson has brought the facts and persona of Xuxa together in this well-documented, well-written analysis of the Brazilian superstar. She touches bases on gender, race, and changing patterns in Brazil. Xuxa is rich with information, laced with insight about the methods, practices and abuses that abound with the marketing of a personality and its products, and the effect of TV on all who watch it, especially the children.\" --News from Brazil

\"A fascinating new book...[that] offers a lucid academic critique of Xuxa's persona.\" --Entertainment WeeklyFormer Playboy centerfold and soft-porn movie actress Xuxa (SHOO-sha) emerged in the 1980s as Brazil's mass media megastar.

All six Australian states have passed laws which now permit (or will, once commenced, permit) voluntary assisted dying ('VAD') in limited circumstances. One controversial feature of all these schemes is that access is restricted to patients who have been resident in the providing state for at least 12 months. We consider the possible justifications for this restricted access and, ultimately, whether it can be reconciled with s 117 of the Australian Constitution, which proscribes discrimination on the basis of out-of-state residence. We find that while excluding non-residents from VAD schemes may be proportionate to non-discriminatory policy goals, the exclusion of new residents of a state is harder to defend and leaves these laws open to constitutional challenge.

Intro: Although studies have evaluated how physical educators learn behavior management, little effort has been made to identify the socializing experiences and sources of self-efficacy that influence how physical educators approach the behavior management of students with disabilities (SWD). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how physical educators develop self-efficacy toward the behavior management of SWD throughout the phases of occupational socialization theory. Method: Data for the mixed-method study included 85 U.S. public (K-12) physical educators who completed a survey that collected demographic information and responses to the Teaching Students with Disabilities Efficacy Scale (Solomon & Scott, 2013). The sample was predominately white (80%) and averaged 41.48 years of age (SD = 10.75), with participants’ years of teaching experience ranging from 1 to 48 years (m = 14.47; SD = 10.28). A purposive subsample of nine participants in early (n = 3), mid- (n = 3), and later (n = 3) career stages partook in a semi-structured interview focusing on their self-efficacy toward the behavior management of SWD. Results: Findings revealed that age rs (83) = 0.22, p = 0.04. and years of teaching experience rs (83) = 0.23, p = 0.04 were weakly correlated with self-efficacy scores. Further, years of teaching experience significantly predicted self-efficacy, F (2, 81) = 3.25, p = 0.04. Those with more hours of professional development had significantly higher levels of self-efficacy, H(5) = 14.52, p = .01. Three themes were constructed representing significant findings within each phase of socialization: (1) out of sight, out of mind; (2) bare minimum basics; and (3) building a toolbox. Conclusion: Findings suggest a need for greater attention to teacher induction programs and internal mentoring systems to ease the reality shock experienced by novice physical educators.

A fascinating new book...[that] offers a lucid academic critique of Xuxa's persona. —Entertainment Weekly Former Playboy centerfold and soft-porn movie actress Xuxa (SHOO-sha) emerged in the 1980s as Brazil's mass media megastar. Through her children's television show, which reaches millions of people in Latin America and the United States, this blond sex symbol has attained extraordinary cultural authority. Reaching far beyond younger audiences, Xuxa's show informs the culture at large about gender relations, racial democracy, and idealized beauty. Backed by Brazil's TV Globo, the fourth-largest commercial network in the world, Xuxa has built an empire. Amelia Simoson's colorful portrayal is the first book to explore how Xuxa's representation of femininity, her privileging of a white ideal of beauty, and her promotional approach to culture perpetuate inequality on an unprecedented scale. Simpson's thoughtful analysis exposes the complicity of a mass audience eager to celebrate Xuxa's deeply compromised representations of gender, race, and modernity. Xuxa also explores the meaning behind the myth—Xuxa's long-term relationship with Brazil's soccer idol, Pelé, and the near-worship of her atypical blond, blue-eyed appearance by Brazil's population. As the author examines Xuxa's suggestive style juxtaposed with juvenile entertainment, and the phenomenon of Xuxa-look-alike teenaged paquitas, she unfold the symbolic territory of blond sex symbols worldwide. Simpson has brought the facts and persona of Xuxa together in this well-documented, well-written analysis of the Brazilian superstar. She touches bases on gender, race, and changing patterns in Brazil. Xuxa is rich with information, laced with insight about the methods, practices and abuses that abound with the marketing of a personality and its products, and the effect of TV on all who watch it, especially the children. —News from Brazil