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"Simpson, Tyrone"
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Ghetto images in twentieth-century American literature : writing apartheid
\"In this comprehensive work, Tyrone R. Simpson, II, explores how six American writers--Anzia Yezierska, Michael Gold, Hubert Selby Jr., Chester Himes, Gloria Naylor, and John Edgar Wideman--have artistically responded to the racialization of U.S. frostbelt cities in the twentieth century. By using the critical tools of spatial theory, critical race theory, urban history, and urban sociology, Simpson accounts for how these writers imagine the subjective response to the race-making power of space\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Ghetto images in twentieth-century American literature : writing apartheid
This book explores how six American writers have artistically responded to the racialization of U.S. frostbelt cities in the twentieth century. Using the critical tools of spatial theory, critical race theory, urban history and sociology, Simpson explains how these writers imagine the subjective response to the race-making power of space.
eBook
“The Love of Colour in Me”: Anzia Yezierska’s Bread Givers and the Space of White Racial Manufacture
Philosopher Charles W. Mills's observation that \"race as a system has to be maintained through constant boundary policing\" (77) aptly speaks to the phenomena of the early-twentieth century when a new onrush of European migration to the VS threw white racial identity into chaos again and required a formidable amount of surveillance and negotiation to effect its coherence.
Journal Article
'I Could Always Feel Race Trouble . . . Never More Than Two Feet Off': Chester Himes's Melancholic Perception
What makes Freud's theory of melancholia responsive to the predicament of race in the United States is that it seems directly to address how intersubjective - and thus social - estrangement may produce in persons an unending experience of emotional strife. Since racialization is fundamentally a process of separation and subsequent objectification of human beings, a theory predicated on object loss is likely to provide some insight on race's psychic affects.
Journal Article
Hollywood Bait and Switch: The 2002 Oscars, Black Commodification, and Black Political Silence (Part Two)
In the second of a two-part series on the winning of the 2002 Best Actor and Best Actress Awards by Denzel Washington in \"Training Day\" and Halle Berry in \"Monster's Ball,\" Simpson focuses on the latter movie and how it fulfills the \"promise of masculine racial supremacy and patriarchal control over women held out to white men\" that is staged in the former. Films that show a white female-black male love story usually depict relationships that are surmounted by irresolvable problems. In \"Monster's Ball\" and other stories of white male-black female romance, the woman's body is commodified. Berry's career crusade to appear in roles not specifically crafted for women of color has led her to become the perfect advocate for the Hollywood industry to circulate the white male patriarchal fantasy that expands heterosexual privilege across race and ethnicity. \"Monster's Ball\" confuses white anti-racism with white privilege. Berry's character Leticia \"consecrates blackness as a consumable commodity of which whites and blacks should willfully partake\" when she accepts Hank Grotowski's past racism.
Journal Article
Hollywood Bait and Switch: The 2002 Oscars, Black Commodification, and Black Political Silence (Part One)
Simpson analyzes the character depictions in \"Training Day,\" to demonstrate that the film dramatizes the essential preconditions for cross-racial consensus about America's new role as the globe's chief imperial power through black commodification. The movie equates blackness with moral degradation and social danger, but is seductive because Denzel Washington's presence confounds the audience. Dialogue between the two leads articulates law enforcement's disquieting philosophy toward combating crime. The reassertion of corrupt policing is unsettling because its logic is steeped in the imperial imperative of the United States, suggesting that the \"savage (racial) wars\" the State must conduct differ only in scale. As reflected in the film's ending, Western imperialism has always turned its colonial mission into a female captivity narrative. The article is part one of two arguing that Washington and Halle Berry won Academy Awards because of the ideological work their characters and films put into play.
Journal Article
Under psychic apartheid: Literary ghettoes and the making of race in the twentieth-century American metropolis
Though W. E. B. DuBois declared “the color line” the central problem of the ensuing twentieth century, his guarded, if not battered, optimism still led him to underestimate the United States' commitment to inscribe that geographic metaphor onto the nation's cities. Northern urban formations provided the terrain upon which DuBois would witness the reification of his most tragic conceit. When large numbers of European immigrants arrived in these industrial cities almost simultaneously with a formidable influx of blacks fleeing destitution and oppression in the American South, transportation technology, government, the real estate industry, and corporate capital conspired to racialize the urban landscape. These forces awarded white racial identity to the aforementioned European immigrants before the Second World War; sponsored a pan-ethnic white exodus out of urban centers into burgeoning postwar suburbs; and jailed populations of color into the industrial burial ground that the urban core became during the height of the Civil Rights era. The actualization of this apartheid arrangement, Michael Keith and Malcolm Cross note, has made “race the privileged metaphor through which the city is rendered comprehensible.” It has also made DuBois the Ezekiel of United States urban history. My project employs postmodern geography, critical race theory, urban sociology, and urban history, to chart the ways in which American novelists—Anzia Yezierska, Michael Gold, Gloria Naylor, and John Edgar Wideman—have imagined ghettoes as sites for the production and physical movement of racialized bodies. I approach these texts as travelogues and urban ethnographies to track how encounters between characters and their movement through urban space create racial identity. This work explores the cofunctionality of race and space in the production of US citizen-subjects and shows how cities and ghettoes have provided complex arenas in which labor exploitation and racial re/production have occurred.
Dissertation