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"Singh, Ajay"
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The exhausted of the Earth : politics in a burning world
Ajay Singh Chaudhary brings together both the science and the politics of climate change. He shows how a new politics particular to the climate catastrophe demands a bitter struggle between those attached to the power, wealth, and security of 'business-as-usual' and all of us, those exhausted, in every sense of the word, by the status quo. Replacing Promethean, romantic, and apocalyptic fairytales with a new story for every exhausted inhabitant of this exhausted world, 'The Exhausted of the Earth' outlines the politics and the power needed to alter the course of our burning world far beyond, far better than, mere survival.
BOOK
Practical Network Scanning
Network administrators use network scanning tools to build a network inventory and to perform security audits by examining active hosts on a network with the help of IP address ranges. The same principles can also be used in cyber attacks to find weaknesses in a system. This book will help you not only find flaws but also strengthen the.
eBook
Sustainable digital leap: a bibliometric study on its impact on human learning and organizational development in the MENA region
The study aims to explore how sustainable digital transformation affects human learning and organizational development in MENA region using bibliometric analysis. The researchers used Scopus and WOS databases for data extraction. The researcher analyzed the cumulative data using performance analysis, and scientific mapping with VOS Viewer software. The findings indicated that Blau, I from Israel is the leading author, King Faisal University from Saudi Arabia is the most productive institution, “International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning” is the most productive journal, and “Investigating users’ perspectives on e-learning: An integration of TAM and IS success” is the highly cited article in target domain. Furthermore, the scientific mapping indicated that Saudi Arabia has highest co-author country collaboration. Finally, E-learning is the high co-occurred keyword because of collaborative research from MENA region for the subject. The study provides most productive author, institutions, journal, articles, country, and keyword in order to understand the literature for the impact of sustainable digital transformation on human learning and organizational development from MENA region.
Journal Article
Biosynthesis of Stable Antioxidant ZnO Nanoparticles by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rhamnolipids
During the last several years, various chemical methods have been used for synthesis of a variety of metal nanoparticles. Most of these methods pose severe environmental problems and biological risks; therefore the present study reports a biological route for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids (RLs) (denoted as RL@ZnO) and their antioxidant property. Formation of stable RL@ZnO nanoparticles gave mostly spherical particles with a particle size ranging from 35 to 80 nm. The RL@ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis. The UV-vis spectra presented a characteristic absorbance peak at ∼ 360 nm for synthesized RL@ZnO nanoparticles. The XRD spectrum showed that RL@ZnO nanoparticles are crystalline in nature and have typical wurtzite type polycrystals. Antioxidant potential of RL@ZnO nanoparticles was assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radicals with varying concentration and time of the storage up to 15 months, while it was found to decline in bare ZnO nanoparticles. Similarly, the inhibitory effects on β-carotene oxidation and lipid peroxidation were also observed. These results elucidate the significance of P. aeruginosa RL as effective stabilizing agents to develop surface protective ZnO nanoparticles, which can be used as promising antioxidants in biological system.
Journal Article
Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapeutics: Current Perspectives from Bench to Bedside
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, with projections indicating that it will claim 35 million lives by the year 2050. Conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and immune modulation, have reduced cancer mortality to some extent; however, they have limited efficacy due to their broad mode of action, often resulting in cytotoxic effects on normal cells along with the malignant tissues, ultimately limiting their overall optimal therapeutic efficacy outcomes.
Rapid advances in nanotechnology and an evolving understanding of cancer mechanisms have propelled the development of a diverse array of nanocarriers to vanquish the hurdles in achieving sophisticated drug delivery with reduced off-target toxicity. Nanoformulations can deliver the anti-cancer agents precisely to the tumor cell by integrating a multitarget approach that allows for tissue-, cell-, or organelle-specific delivery and internalization. Despite the immense interest and unmatched advancements in modern oncology equipped with nanomedicines, only a few nanoformulations have successfully translated into clinical settings. A major reason behind this shortcoming is the lack of a rationale design incorporating smart, responsive targeting features, leading to a compromised therapeutic window due to inefficient internalization or erroneous intracellular localization with unsuccessful payload release. This review aims to summarize the recent perspective of nanomedicine and its translation to clinical practice, with a particular focus on the evolution of strategies used in tumor targeting from traditional EPR-based passive mechanisms to advanced active and multi-stage approaches. We highlight the coupling of organelle-specific and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, discuss the potential of biomimetic and cell-mediated delivery systems, and also shed light on technologies such as microfluidics, tumor-on-chip models, and AI-assisted synthesis. Finally, this review explores translational hurdles ranging from biological and manufacturing challenges to regulatory bottlenecks and outlines how innovative modeling systems and engineering solutions can bridge the gap from bench to bedside in cancer nanotherapeutics.
Journal Article
Cranberry Flavonoids Modulate Cariogenic Properties of Mixed-Species Biofilm through Exopolysaccharides-Matrix Disruption
The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are essential virulence factors associated with the initiation of cariogenic biofilms. EPS forms the core of the biofilm matrix-scaffold, providing mechanical stability while facilitating the creation of localized acidic microenvironments. Cranberry flavonoids, such as A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) and myricetin, have been shown to inhibit the activity of Gtfs and EPS-mediated bacterial adhesion without killing the organisms. Here, we investigated whether a combination of cranberry flavonoids disrupts EPS accumulation and S. mutans survival using a mixed-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. We also assessed the impact of cranberry flavonoids on mechanical stability and the in situ pH at the biofilm-apatite interface. Topical application of an optimized combination of PACs oligomers (100-300 μM) with myricetin (2 mM) twice daily was used to simulate treatment regimen experienced clinically. Treatments with cranberry flavonoids effectively reduced the insoluble EPS content (>80% reduction vs. vehicle-control; p<0.001), while hindering S. mutans outgrowth within mixed-species biofilms. As a result, the 3D architecture of cranberry-treated biofilms was severely compromised, showing a defective EPS-matrix and failure to develop microcolonies on the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) surface. Furthermore, topical applications of cranberry flavonoids significantly weaken the mechanical stability of the biofilms; nearly 90% of the biofilm was removed from sHA surface after exposure to a shear stress of 0.449 N/m2 (vs. 36% removal in vehicle-treated biofilms). Importantly, in situ pH measurements in cranberry-treated biofilms showed significantly higher pH values (5.2 ± 0.1) at the biofilm-apatite interface vs. vehicle-treated biofilms (4.6 ± 0.1). Altogether, the data provide important insights on how cranberry flavonoids treatments modulate virulence properties by disrupting the biochemical and ecological changes associated with cariogenic biofilm development, which could lead to new alternative or adjunctive antibiofilm/anticaries chemotherapeutic formulations.
Journal Article
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Not Undergoing Dialysis
This randomized trial compared daprodustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, with darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease who were not undergoing dialysis. Daprodustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa with respect to the change in hemoglobin level and cardiovascular outcomes.
Journal Article
Use of ocular biomarkers as a potential tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide which unfortunately has no known effective cure to date. Despite many clinical trials indicating the effectiveness of preclinical treatment, a sensitive tool for screening of AD is yet to be developed. Due to multiple similarities between ocular and the brain tissue, the eye is being explored by researchers for this purpose, with utmost attention focused on the retinal tissue. Besides visual functional impairment, neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, retinal nerve fiber degeneration, increase in the cup-to-disc ratio, and retinal vascular thinning and tortuosity are the changes observed in the retinal tissue which are related to AD. Studies have shown that targeting these changes in the retina is an effective way of reducing the degeneration of retinal neuronal tissue. Similar mechanisms of neurodegeneration have been demonstrated in the brain and the eyes of AD patients. Multiple studies are underway to investigate the potential of diagnosing AD and detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the retinal tissue. Since the tissues in the anterior segment of the eye are more accessible for in vivo imaging and examination, they have more potential as screening biomarkers. This article provides a concise review of available literature on the ocular biomarkers in anterior and posterior segments of the eye including the cornea, aqueous humour (AH), crystalline lens, and retina in AD. This review will also highlight the newer technological tools available for the detection of potential biomarkers in the eye for early diagnosis of AD.
Journal Article
Daprodustat for the Treatment of Anemia in Patients Undergoing Dialysis
This trial compared the oral HIF-PHI daprodustat with conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis. Daprodustat was noninferior to ESAs regarding the change in the hemoglobin level from baseline and cardiovascular outcomes.
Journal Article
Honokiol Arrests Cell Cycle, Induces Apoptosis, and Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effect of Gemcitabine in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Survival rates for patients with pancreatic cancer are extremely poor due to its asymptomatic progression to advanced and metastatic stage for which current therapies remain largely ineffective. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents and treatment approaches are desired to improve the clinical outcome. In this study, we determined the effects of honokiol, a biologically active constituent of oriental medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis/grandiflora, on two pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaCa and Panc1, alone and in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic drug, gemcitabine. Honokiol exerted growth inhibitory effects on both the pancreatic cancer cell lines by causing cell cycle arrest at G₁ phase and induction of apoptosis. At the molecular level, honokiol markedly decreased the expression of cyclins (D1 and E) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk2 and Cdk4), and caused an increase in Cdk inhibitors, p21 and p27. Furthermore, honokiol treatment led to augmentation of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xL ratios to favor apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. These changes were accompanied by enhanced cytoplasmic accumulation of NF-κB with a concomitant decrease in nuclear fraction and reduced transcriptional activity of NF-κB responsive promoter. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκB-α) causing its stabilization and thus increased cellular levels. Importantly, honokiol also potentiated the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine, in part, by restricting the gemcitabine-induced nuclear accumulation of NF-κB in the treated pancreatic cancer cell lines. Altogether, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, the growth inhibitory effects of honokiol in pancreatic cancer and indicate its potential usefulness as a novel natural agent in prevention and therapy.
Journal Article