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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most famous swarm-based optimization techniques inspired by nature. Due to its properties of flexibility and easy implementation, there is an enormous increase in the popularity of this nature-inspired technique. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has gained prompt attention from every field of researchers. Since its origin in 1995 till now, researchers have improved the original Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in varying ways. They have derived new versions of it, such as the published theoretical studies on various parameters of PSO, proposed many variants of the algorithm and numerous other advances. In the present paper, an overview of the PSO algorithm is presented. On the one hand, the basic concepts and parameters of PSO are explained, on the other hand, various advances in relation to PSO, including its modifications, extensions, hybridization, theoretical analysis, are included.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present study of thermal creep stresses and strain rates in a circular disc with shaft having variable density by using Seth’s transition theory. Design/methodology/approach – Seth’s transition theory is applied to the problem of thermal creep transition stresses and strain rates in a thin rotating disc with shaft having variable density by finite deformation. Neither the yield criterion nor the associated flow rule is assumed here. The results obtained here are applicable to compressible materials. If the additional condition of incompressibility is imposed, then the expression for stresses corresponds to those arising from Tresca yield condition. Findings – Thermal effect increased value of radial stress at the internal surface of the rotating disc made of incompressible material as compared to tangential stress and this value of radial stress further much increases with the increase in angular speed as compared to without thermal effect. Strain rates have maximum values at the internal surface for compressible material. Originality/value – The model proposed in this paper is used in mechanical and electronic devices. They have extensive practical engineering application such as in steam and gas turbines, turbo generators, flywheel of internal combustion engines, turbojet engines, reciprocating engines, centrifugal compressors and brake discs.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present study of creep strain rates in a circular cylinder under temperature gradient materials by using Seth’s transition theory. Design/methodology/approach Seth’s transition theory is applied to the problem of creep stresses and strain rates in a cylinder under temperature gradient materials by finite deformation. Neither the yield criterion nor the associated flow rule is assumed here. The results obtained here are applicable to compressible materials. If the additional condition of incompressibility is imposed, then the expression for stresses corresponds to those arising from Tresca yield condition. Findings Thermal effect increases the values of axial stress at the external surface of a circular cylinder for incompressible material as compared to compressible materials. With the introduction of thermal effects, the maximum value of strain rates occurs at the external surface for incompressible material as compared to the compressible materials. Originality/value The model proposed in this paper is used commonly either as pressure vessels intended for storage industrial gases or media transportation of high pressurized fluids and the design of turbine rotors.

In this paper, an analytical solution is being provided for calculation of elastic plastic transitional stresses in Hybrid Nanocomposite made of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) and Graphene Sheets (GS) modeled in the form of thin walled Spherical shells, subjected to radial compression at the internal surface. The results are compared with a general use Carbon Nano Tubes based nanocomposite. The transition function given by Seth is being used to obtain the pressure at which the initial yielding takes place. The trends for radial and circumferential transitional stresses are obtained using the elastic stiffness constants obtained from young's moduli, shear moduli and poisson's ratios of the materials at the initial yielding and fully plastic state. The expressions for principal stresses are derived from the transition function considering the material anisotropy.

This book offers the latest research advances in the field of mathematics applications in engineering sciences and provides a reference with a theoretical and sound background, along with case studies. In recent years, mathematics has had an amazing growth in engineering sciences. It forms the common foundation of all engineering disciplines. This new book provides a comprehensive range of mathematics applied to various fields of engineering for different tasks in fields such as civil engineering, structural engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, among others. It offers articles that develop the applications of mathematics in engineering sciences, conveys the innovative research ideas, offers real-world utility of mathematics, and plays a significant role in the life of academics, practitioners, researchers, and industry leaders. Focuses on the latest research in the field of engineering applications Includes recent findings from various institutions Identifies the gaps in the knowledge of the field and provides the latest approaches Presents international studies and findings in modelling and simulation Offers various mathematical tools, techniques, strategies, and methods across different engineering fields Chapter 1 Geometric and Geometric-Like Processes and their Applications in Warranty Analysis. Chapter 2 Supervised Machine Learning: Application Example Using Random Forest in R. Chapter 3 Simulation optimization approach for cost reduction in multi-echelon inventory systems considering cooperation among retailers. Chapter 4 Applied Mathematic Technologies in Nonlinear Mechanics of Thin-Walled Constructions. Chapter 5 Some solutions of differential equations in engineering calculations. Chapter 6 Application of Transmuted Gumbel copula for Energy Modelling. Chapter 7 Differential Quadrature Method, a robust technique to solve differential equations. Chapter 8 The TSCSTFCF procedure for reliability demonstration. Chapter 9 Reliability evaluation of a MANET incorporating copula. Chapter 10 Hydromagnetic flow of copper-water nanofluid with different nanoparticle shapes towards a nonlinear stretchable plate. Chapter 11 Reliability and Sensitivity assessment of a Sugar mill through Mathematical Modeling. Dr. Mangey Ram received the Ph.D. degree major in Mathematics and minor in Computer Science from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. He has been a Faculty Member for around ten years and has taught several core courses in pure and applied mathematics at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctorate levels. He is currently a Professor at Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India. Before joining the Graphic Era, he was a Deputy Manager (Probationary Officer) with Syndicate Bank for a short period. He is Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences and the Guest Editor & Member of the editorial board of various journals. He is a regular Reviewer for international journals, including IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, Emerald, John Wiley, Taylor & Francis and many other publishers. He has published 144 research publications in IEEE, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Elsevier, Emerald, World Scientific and many other national and international journals of repute and also presented his works at national and international conferences. His fields of research are reliability theory and applied mathematics. Dr. Ram is a Senior Member of the IEEE, life member of Operational Research Society of India, Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management in India, Indian Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, member of International Association of Engineers in Hong Kong, and Emerald Literati Network in the U.K. He has been a member of the organizing committee of a number of international and national conferences, seminars, and workshops. He has been conferred with \" Young Scientist Award \" by the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, in 2009. He has been awarded the \" Best Faculty Award \" in 2011; \" Research Excellence Award \" in 2015; and recently \" Outstanding Researcher Award \" in 2018 for his significant contribution in academics and research at Graphic Era (Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India). 　 Dr. S. B. Singh is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. He has around 21 years of teaching and research experience to Undergraduate and Post Graduate students at different Engineering Colleges and University. Prof. Singh is a member of Indian Mathematical Society, Operations Research Society of India and National Society for Prevention of Blindness in India. He is a regular reviewer of many books and International/ National Journals. He has been a member of organizing committee of many international and national conferences and workshops. He is an Editor of the ‘Journal of Reliability and Statistical Studies’. He has authored and coauthored eight books on different courses of Applied/ Engineering Mathematics. He has been conferred with four national awards. He has published his research works at national and international journals of repute. His area of research is reliability theory, fuzzy logic, applied mathematics.

Steady state creep in a anisotropic rotating disc made of Al-SiCp composite having hyperbolically varying thickness has been investigated using Hill’s yield criterion. The creep behavior is supposed to follow the Sherby’s law in present study. The stress and strain distributions are calculated for different combinations of anisotropic constants. The change in the radial stress is not significant while the tangential stress is changed with the change in the material constants. The tangential strain rates are highest at the inner radius of the disc and then decreases towards the outer radius of the disc. The radial strain rate which is compressive in nature becomes tensile in middle of the disc for some specific values of anisotropic constants. The study reveals that the anisotropy has a significant effect on the creep behavior of rotating disc. Thus for the safe design of the rotating disc the effect of anisotropy should be taken care of.

[LANGUAGE=”English”]ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of conventional therapy and 20% autologous platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) eye drops for moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).Materials and MethodsIn this prospective interventional study, 40 individuals (80 eyes) with moderate to severe DED were analyzed. Twenty patients each were randomly assigned to the study and control groups. The study group was given 20% aPRP eye drops; the control group was given artificial tears as per conventional treatment. Comprehensive eye examinations including evaluation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tear meniscus height, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival impression cytology, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were conducted in both groups for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment results were compared.ResultsThe average age of patients in the study group was 51±14 years (range, 37-65 years), whereas that of the control group was 50±17 years (range, 33-67 years). After 3 months, there was a more significant decrease in OSDI score in the study group than in the control group (p<0.01). The BCVA data demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Measurements of tear meniscus height, Schirmer’s value, and TBUT at 3 months showed statistically significant differences (p<0.01). The posttreatment improvements in fluorescein staining and impression cytology scores in the study group were markedly superior to those in the control group (p<0.01).ConclusionaPRP is both safe and more effective than conventional treatments for moderate to severe symptomatic DED.[LANGUAGE=”Turkish”]AmaçOrta ila şiddetli kuru göz hastalığında (KGH) konvansiyonel tedavi ile %20 otolog trombositten zengin plazma (oPRP) göz damlalarının etkinliğini değerlendirmek.Gereç ve YöntemBu prospektif girişimsel çalışmaya, orta ila şiddetli KGH’li 40 kişi (80 göz) dahil edildi. Çalışma ve kontrol gruplarının her birine 20 hasta rastgele dağıtıldı. Çalışma grubuna %20 oPRP göz damlası, kontrol grubuna ise konvansiyonel tedaviye uygun olarak yapay gözyaşı verildi. Her iki gruba da 3 ay boyunca en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği (EİDGK), gözyaşı menisküs yüksekliği, gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GKZ), Schirmer testi, kornea floresein boyanması, konjonktival impresyon sitolojisi ve Oküler Yüzey Hastalık İndeksi (OYHİ) değerlendirmesinden oluşan kapsamlı oftalmolojik muayene yapıldı. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası sonuçlar karşılaştırıldı.BulgularHastaların yaş ortalaması çalışma grubunda 51±14 yıl (aralık, 37-65 yıl) ve kontrol grubunda 50±17 yıl (aralık, 33-67 yıl) idi. Üç ay sonra, çalışma grubunda OYHİ skorunda kontrol grubundan daha anlamlı bir azalma gözlendi (p<0,01). EİDGK verileri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark göstermedi (p>0,05). Üçüncü ayda gözyaşı menisküs yüksekliği, Schirmer değerleri ve GKZ’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar izlendi (p<0,01). Çalışma grubunun floresein boyanma ve impresyon sitoloji skorlarındaki tedavi sonrası iyileşme kontrol grubundan belirgin şekilde daha iyiydi (p<0,01).SonuçoPRP, orta ila şiddetli semptomatik KGH için geleneksel tedavilerden hem daha güvenli hem de daha etkilidir.

Gangetic alluvial plain can be regarded as a rapidly sinking basin where active fluvial sedimentation is taking place. Pattern of sedimentation is being controlled by some E–W and WNW–ESE running weak zones, along the courses of major rivers. One such weak zone is marked by the course of Ganga River. Rapid sinking and fluvial sedimentation is prominent on the northern side of Ganga River. Southern side represents a relatively elevated block. This framework of sedimentary tectonics corresponds well with the sedimentary tectonics of Himalayas.