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As Jeff Singleton shows, the rapid expansion of unemployment relief in the early 1930s generated pressures which led to the first federal welfare programs. However the process has received relatively little attention from historians, and unemployment relief does not play a major role in discussions of the current state of welfare. Singleton seeks not only to fill this gap, but to challenge popular interpretations of relief policy in the early 1930s. He shows that relief was expanding prior to the depression and that the modern aspects of social policy implemented in the 1920s profoundly influenced the response of the welfare system to the early stages of the economic crisis. Relief under President Herbert Hoover was neither primarily voluntarist nor traditional. The first full-fledged federal welfare program was implemented under the Hoover administration by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The initial goals of the New Deal's Federal Emergency Relief Administration were to reduce the national relief caseload and the federal welfare role, while improving standards for those on the dole. The institutionalization of state-level welfare was a consequence of the failure of the 1935 reform program (the WPA and the Social Security Act) to eliminate the dole, not a product of conscious liberal policy. Singleton concludes by evaluating the 1996 Personal Responsibility Act in the context of these conclusions. If the dole was not a product of liberal reform, but, instead, arose to fill a policy vacuum, then it will be difficult to eliminate by legislative fiat unless states and the federal government are willing to finance relatively costly alternatives. A provocative analysis of interest to historians and social scientists concerned with American social and labor policy.

In the immediate wake of the 1996 Australian federal elections pundits variously attributed the ALP's defeat to the loss of its 'heartlands', to the party's failure in government to retain the support of 'battlers', or even to the collapse of Labor's traditional blue-collar 'core' constituency. Using Queensland as a case-study, and drawing on aggregate as well as survey data, this research note provides support for claims that Labor's traditional support base deserted it in 1996.

[...] what we want is the same as what Boston families want - namely, high-quality neighborhood schools, where the community and the schools are close partners and where excellent academic outcomes occur.

Gwinnett parents could choose a smaller, more intimate environment if Gwinnett would only allow charter schools to be paid the same per-pupil expenditure, minus the cost of these massive facilities, as they currently use to fund the government-run schools. I do not believe that corporations are responsible for how they treat our city . . . it is our City Council and county commissioners. Corporations cannot build in any area that has not been approved by our lawmakers, here in Gwinnett County and in the city of Lawrenceville. Nor can they abandon, dump or otherwise leave eyesores throughout our communities without prior approval to build and rebuild. State Rep. Hugh Floyd (D-Norcross) plans to introduce a bill in the current legislative session that would allow counties to deny or delay rezonings to allay school overcrowding. The Gwinnett Opinions page and ajc.com recently asked county readers for their thoughts on this issue. Here is the question and some of the responses:

Biden, Harris to greet freed Americans at Joint Base Andrews.Russian assassin, hacker and spies freed in prisoner exchange.Russia's release of Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich,former U.S. Marine Paul Whelan and Russian-American journalist AlsuKurmasheva is cause for celebration, the three were freed as part of asweeping prisoner exchange that also saw the release of prominentRussian opposition leader Vladimir Kara-Murza and other opponents ofRussia's war on Ukraine. Joe Biden and Kamala Harris are expected tomeet the Americans freed from Russian custody when they arrive back inthe U.S. tonight, the White House issued updated guidance a fewmoments ago to say that Biden and Harris will travel to Joint BaseAndrews, the military facility in Maryland, where they will \"greetAmericans freed from Russia\" and stay for about half an hour beforereturning to Washington, D.C. CNN's Rene Marsh takes a look at hownine historically black fraternities and sororities formed more than acentury ago are working together to support presumptive Democraticpresidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris. GUESTS: Jason Rezaian, Evelyn Farkas, Almar Latour, Dasha Navalnaya,Ashley Etienne

Regarding the reprint of Michael Medved's article, which former dean Joachim Maitre blatantly plagiarized. What is most disturbing about this incident to me- a BU graduate- is that anyone would want to pirate Medved's text. It is truly a...