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A Companion to the Medieval Papacy brings together an international group of experts on various aspects of the medieval papacy. Each chapter provides an up-to-date introduction to and scholarly interpretation of topics of crucial importance to the development of the papacy's thinking about its place in the medieval world and of its institutional structures.Topics covered include: the Papal States; the Gregorian Reform; papal artistic self-representation; hierocratic theory; canon law; decretals; councils; legates and judges delegate; the apostolic camera, chancery, penitentiary, and Rota; relations with Constantinople; crusades; missions. The volume includes an introductory chapter by Thomas F.X. Noble on the historiographical challenges of writing medieval papal history. Contributors are: Sandro Carocci, Atria A. Larson, Andrew Louth, Jehangir Malegam, Andreas Meyer, Harald Müller, Thomas F.X. Noble, Francesca Pomarici, Rebecca Rist, Kirsi Salonen, Felicitas Schmieder, Keith Sisson, Danica Summerlin, and Stefan Weiß.

Using original data, Managers in the Making presents a thorough analysis of the processes by which managers are made in Britain and Japan. It provides a detailed comparative study of the careers, training, developmental experience and job demands of managers in eight named companies, matching British firms with Japanese counterparts. Using qualitative and quantitative data the authors offer an understanding of these processes within organizational, sectoral and national contexts. Managers′ perceptions, reactions and concerns are recorded and analysed throughout.

There appears to be some doubt about the future direction of both the theory and the practice of employment relations. This article therefore speculates about the prospects of the \"new\" European social model becoming the orthodoxy in the field. This model, which has strong similarities with the UK's \"partnership\" agreements, stands up very well to many of the criticisms levelled at the \"HRM\" paradigm that was the most recent contender. The plausibility of the \"new\" model is in doubt, however, given the prevailing economic and political context in the UK and other EU countries. Even so, if people are looking for a dominant focus for analysis and policy, this \"new\" model has much to recommend. In particular, it is especially relevant to handling the implications of the restructuring likely to be the main concern for the foreseeable future.

This study examines Giles of Rome's political treatises and their effect on the hierocratic claims of the medieval papacy. The hierocratic theory of universal papal monarchy—that the papacy held supreme authority in both spiritual and temporal matters—evolved over the course of the High Middle Ages. It was during the pontificate of Gregory VII (1073-1085) that we see the first hints of the hierocratic theory of universal papal monarchy. The period between Gregory VII and Innocent III (1198-1216) witnessed the establishment of the internal papal monarchy; the period between Innocent III and Boniface VIII (1294-1303) witnessed the push from an internal papal monarchy toward a hierocratic vision of a universal papal monarchy. Given this development, a perennial question became ever more pressing: what is the proper relation between the spiritual and temporal powers? This situation culminated in the spirited Franco-papal conflict (1296-1303); the result of this conflict was a decline of the medieval papacy in both prestige and power. This decline is evidenced by the translocation of the papal government to Avignon, the onset of the Great Schism, the rise of conciliarism, the popular religious movements that challenged the efficacy of ecclesiastical hierarchy, the formation of national states and national churches, and the Reformation.