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Women from Black, Asian and mixed ethnicity backgrounds in the UK experience higher rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and report poorer experiences of maternity care. Research is required to understand how to reduce these disparities, however, it is acknowledged these groups of women are under-represented in clinical research. To investigate factors which influence participation in maternity research for women from an ethnic minority background. A systematic review was conducted to examine influencing factors for research participation. MEDLINE/CINHAL/PsycInfo/EMBASE databases were systematically searched in March 2021 and updated in March 2022. Papers were eligible if they explored maternal research participation and identified a woman's ethnicity in the results. No restrictions were placed on methodology. A convergent integrated approach was used to synthesise findings. A total of 14 papers met the inclusion criteria. Results were divided into eight overarching themes. A personalised approach to recruitment and incorporating culturally sensitive communication and considerations enhanced research participation. Distrust around sharing data, a perception of risk to research participation, and research lacking in personal relevance adversely affected the decision to participate. Large variation existed in the quality of the studies reviewed. Consideration of a woman's culture and background in the design and the delivery of a maternity research study may facilitate participation, particularly when sampling from a specific population. Further research, informed by women from ethnic minority backgrounds is warranted to develop women-centred recommendations for conducting inclusive maternity research. Prospero registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021261686.

Companionship in antenatal care is important for facilitating positive parental experiences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on partner attendance at fetal ultrasound scans were introduced nationally to minimise transmission of the virus. This study aimed to explore the effect of these restrictions on maternal and paternal experiences of pregnancy scans and evaluate their potential effect on parent-fetal bonding. A UK-wide, anonymous cross-sectional survey was completed by new and expectant parents (n = 714) who had, or were awaiting a pregnancy scan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CORE-10 and an adapted version of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory were used to evaluate psychological distress and prenatal bonding. Additional survey questions captured parental experiences of scans. Separate statistical and thematic analyses of the data were undertaken. A joint display matrix was used to facilitate integration of quantitative and qualitative claims to generate a comprehensive interpretation of study findings. When fathers did not attend the scan, feelings of excitement and satisfaction were significantly reduced (p<0.001) and feelings of anxiety increased (p<0.001) in both parents. Mothers were concerned about receiving unexpected news alone and fathers felt excluded from the scan. Mean paternal bonding (38.22, SD 10.73) was significantly lower compared to mothers (47.01, SD 7.67) although no difference was demonstrated between those who had attended the scan and those who had not. CORE-10 scores suggested low-to-mild levels of psychological distress, although the mean difference between mothers and fathers was not significant. Key themes described both parents' sense of loss for their desired pregnancy scan experience and reflected on sonographers' central role in providing parent-centred care during scans. Restrictions on partner attendance at scans during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on parental experiences of antenatal imaging. Provision of parent-centred care, which is inclusive of partners, is essential for improved parental experiences.

Background Prenatal bonding describes the emotional connection expectant parents form to their unborn child. Research acknowledges the association between antenatal imaging and enhanced bonding, but the influencing factors are not well understood, particularly for fathers or when using advanced techniques like fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to identify variables which may predict increased bonding after imaging. Methods First-time expectant parents (mothers = 58, fathers = 18) completed a two-part questionnaire (QualtricsXM™) about their expectations and experiences of ultrasound ( n  = 64) or fetal MRI ( n  = 12) scans in uncomplicated pregnancies. A modified version of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used to measure bonding. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify significant parent and imaging predictors for bonding. Qualitative content analysis of free-text responses was conducted to further understand the predictors’ influences. Results Bonding scores were significantly increased after imaging for mothers and fathers ( p  < 0.05). MRI-parents reported significantly higher bonding than ultrasound-parents ( p  = 0.02). In the first regression model of parent factors (adjusted R 2  = 0.17, F  = 2.88, p  < 0.01), employment status (β = -0.38, p  < 0.05) was a significant predictor for bonding post-imaging. The second model of imaging factors (adjusted R 2  = 0.19, F  = 3.85, p  < 0.01) showed imaging modality (β = -0.53), imaging experience (β = 0.42) and parental excitement after the scan (β = 0.29) were significantly ( p  < 0.05) associated with increased bonding. Seventeen coded themes were generated from the qualitative content analysis, describing how scans offered reassurance about fetal wellbeing and the opportunity to connect with the baby through quality interactions with imaging professionals. A positive scan experience helped parents to feel excited about parenthood. Fetal MRI was considered a superior modality to ultrasound. Conclusions Antenatal imaging provides reassurance of fetal development which affirms parents’ emotional investment in the pregnancy and supports the growing connection. Imaging professionals are uniquely positioned to provide parent-centred experiences which may enhance parental excitement and facilitate bonding.

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging and radiotherapy has been met with both scepticism and excitement. However, clinical integration of AI is already well-underway. Many authors have recently reported on the AI knowledge and perceptions of radiologists/medical staff and students however there is a paucity of information regarding radiographers. Published literature agrees that AI is likely to have significant impact on radiology practice. As radiographers are at the forefront of radiology service delivery, an awareness of the current level of their perceived knowledge, skills, and confidence in AI is essential to identify any educational needs necessary for successful adoption into practice. Aim: The aim of this survey was to determine the perceived knowledge, skills, and confidence in AI amongst UK radiographers and highlight priorities for educational provisions to support a digital healthcare ecosystem. Methods: A survey was created on Qualtrics® and promoted via social media (Twitter®/LinkedIn®). This survey was open to all UK radiographers, including students and retired radiographers. Participants were recruited by convenience, snowball sampling. Demographic information was gathered as well as data on the perceived, self-reported, knowledge, skills, and confidence in AI of respondents. Insight into what the participants understand by the term “AI” was gained by means of a free text response. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS® and qualitative thematic analysis was performed on NVivo®. Results: Four hundred and eleven responses were collected (80% from diagnostic radiography and 20% from a radiotherapy background), broadly representative of the workforce distribution in the UK. Although many respondents stated that they understood the concept of AI in general (78.7% for diagnostic and 52.1% for therapeutic radiography respondents, respectively) there was a notable lack of sufficient knowledge of AI principles, understanding of AI terminology, skills, and confidence in the use of AI technology. Many participants, 57% of diagnostic and 49% radiotherapy respondents, do not feel adequately trained to implement AI in the clinical setting. Furthermore 52% and 64%, respectively, said they have not developed any skill in AI whilst 62% and 55%, respectively, stated that there is not enough AI training for radiographers. The majority of the respondents indicate that there is an urgent need for further education (77.4% of diagnostic and 73.9% of therapeutic radiographers feeling they have not had adequate training in AI), with many respondents stating that they had to educate themselves to gain some basic AI skills. Notable correlations between confidence in working with AI and gender, age, and highest qualification were reported. Conclusion: Knowledge of AI terminology, principles, and applications by healthcare practitioners is necessary for adoption and integration of AI applications. The results of this survey highlight the perceived lack of knowledge, skills, and confidence for radiographers in applying AI solutions but also underline the need for formalised education on AI to prepare the current and prospective workforce for the upcoming clinical integration of AI in healthcare, to safely and efficiently navigate a digital future. Focus should be given on different needs of learners depending on age, gender, and highest qualification to ensure optimal integration.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI)-enabled applications are increasingly being used in providing healthcare services, such as medical imaging support. Sufficient and appropriate education for medical imaging professionals is required for successful AI adoption. Although, currently, there are AI training programmes for radiologists, formal AI education for radiographers is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and discuss a postgraduate-level module on AI developed in the UK for radiographers. MethodologyA participatory action research methodology was applied, with participants recruited from the first cohort of students enrolled in this module and faculty members. Data were collected using online, semi-structured, individual interviews and focus group discussions. Textual data were processed using data-driven thematic analysis.ResultsSeven students and six faculty members participated in this evaluation. Results can be summarised in the following four themes: a. participants’ professional and educational backgrounds influenced their experiences, b. participants found the learning experience meaningful concerning module design, organisation, and pedagogical approaches, c. some module design and delivery aspects were identified as barriers to learning, and d. participants suggested how the ideal AI course could look like based on their experiences.ConclusionsThe findings of our work show that an AI module can assist educators/academics in developing similar AI education provisions for radiographers and other medical imaging and radiation sciences professionals. A blended learning delivery format, combined with customisable and contextualised content, using an interprofessional faculty approach is recommended for future similar courses.Key pointsA novel postgraduate module on AI for radiographers was developed and evaluated.Blended-learning delivery, customisable and contextualised course content, and interprofessional faculty are the ways forward for an ideal AI course for radiographers.Future courses could use this approach to develop their own AI training.

Advances in fetal three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revolutionized the study of fetal brain development, enabling detailed analysis of brain structures and growth. Despite their complementary capabilities, these modalities capture fundamentally different physical signals, potentially leading to systematic differences in image‐derived phenotypes (IDPs). Here, we evaluate the agreement of IDPs between US and MRI by comparing the volumes of eight brain structures from 90 subjects derived using deep‐learning algorithms from majority same‐day imaging (days between scans: mean = 1.2, mode = 0 and max = 4). Excellent agreement (intra‐class correlation coefficient, ICC>0.75 $$ ICC>0.75 $$ ) was observed for the cerebellum, cavum septum pellucidum, thalamus, white matter and deep grey matter volumes, with significant correlations p<0.001 $$ \\left(p<0.001\\right) $$for most structures, except the ventricular system. Bland–Altman analysis revealed some systematic biases: intracranial and cortical plate volumes were larger on US than MRI, by an average of 35cm3 $$ 35\\ {\\mathrm{cm}}^3 $$and 4.1cm3 $$ 4.1\\ {\\mathrm{cm}}^3 $$ , respectively. Finally, we found the labels of the brainstem and ventricular system were not comparable between the modalities. These findings highlight the necessity of structure‐specific adjustments when interpreting fetal brain IPDs across modalities and underscore the complementary roles of US and MRI in advancing fetal neuroimaging. This study investigates the agreement of image derived‐phenotypes (IDPs) from eight fetal brain structures derived from same‐day MRI and 3D US volumes. Strong agreement was observed for the CSP, Th, CB, WMDGM, whereas, systematic biases were revealed for ICV and CoP.

Stereotactic cyst puncture, radical excision, and ventricular shunting may all be considered in the treatment of symptomatic cavum septum pellucidum et vergae.

The capsule expands, and the haematoma is absorbed, leaving a cavity, which is connected to the main artery through a neck-the pseudoaneurysm. 2 Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are rare, with fewer than 200 cases reported in the literature. 3 They can present to a variety of specialties because they are caused by a wide range of injury processes, including blunt trauma, sporting injuries, falls, and even hair transplantation. 4 Patients typically present with a compressible pulsatile mass two to four weeks after trauma. A case of induced seizure and ischaemia of the scalp has been attributed to the migration of injected thrombin after percutaneous thrombin injection for a pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. 17 Other complications include allergic reaction and risk of recanalisation of the pseudoaneurysm. 18 Surgical ligation and excision has now largely been replaced by newer techniques, although it may still be used as a reserve treatment when initial attempts at micro-coil embolisation have failed, or as an alternative approach in patients with contraindications to endovascular intervention (such as allergies to iodinated contrast).