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CyberShake, as part of the Southern California Earthquake Center’s (SCEC) Community Modeling Environment, is developing a methodology that explicitly incorporates deterministic source and wave propagation effects within seismic hazard calculations through the use of physics-based 3D ground motion simulations. To calculate a waveform-based seismic hazard estimate for a site of interest, we begin with Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2.0 (UCERF2.0) and identify all ruptures within 200 km of the site of interest. We convert the UCERF2.0 rupture definition into multiple rupture variations with differing hypocenter locations and slip distributions, resulting in about 415,000 rupture variations per site. Strain Green Tensors are calculated for the site of interest using the SCEC Community Velocity Model, Version 4 (CVM4), and then, using reciprocity, we calculate synthetic seismograms for each rupture variation. Peak intensity measures are then extracted from these synthetics and combined with the original rupture probabilities to produce probabilistic seismic hazard curves for the site. Being explicitly site-based, CyberShake directly samples the ground motion variability at that site over many earthquake cycles (i.e., rupture scenarios) and alleviates the need for the ergodic assumption that is implicitly included in traditional empirically based calculations. Thus far, we have simulated ruptures at over 200 sites in the Los Angeles region for ground shaking periods of 2 s and longer, providing the basis for the first generation CyberShake hazard maps. Our results indicate that the combination of rupture directivity and basin response effects can lead to an increase in the hazard level for some sites, relative to that given by a conventional Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE). Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, we find that the physics-based hazard results are much more sensitive to the assumed magnitude-area relations and magnitude uncertainty estimates used in the definition of the ruptures than is found in the traditional GMPE approach. This reinforces the need for continued development of a better understanding of earthquake source characterization and the constitutive relations that govern the earthquake rupture process.

From our descriptions the Operations Supervisor informed us that maintenance was sure the seat was safe to sit in during normal cruise, provided the pins were in, but under no circumstances was the copilot to rely on it for egress.

Abstract Sublethal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) can result in severe neurologic and psychiatric complications. Once in the body, CO can wreak havoc on virtually every organ system, with the brain being the most vulnerable to the damaging effects. Neuropathological injury is frequently widespread, and while white matter injury is most common, both gray and white matter injury occurs. Consequently, no neurologic or psychiatric syndrome is pathognomonic for CO poisoning. There are currently no effective treatments for the delayed neuropsyehiatrie sequelae of CO poisoning, and medical management focuses on correcting immediate symptoms through the use of oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and supportive measures. Preliminary data suggest, however, that dopaminergic agents may be useful for the treatment of some of the delayed sequelae of CO neurotoxicity. To our knowledge, ours is the first case report in which dextroamphetamine (DAMP), a potent dopaminergic agent, has been used for treating the neuropsyehiatrie symptoms of CO poisoning. Our data demonstrate that it is effective in shortening cognitive and motor recovery time, that psychostimulant actions occur slightly sooner than locomotor effects, and that theraputic benefit is most dramatic within the first ten days of use. Therefore, DAMP appears to be a pharmacological agent that can be combined with supportive interventions to reverse, attenuate, or symptomat-ically improve the delayed sequelae that occur in these patients.

Meets Pekka Haavisto, Finland's environment minister, who approves of consumer boycotts and direct action, but is also a keen fan of a market approach to the environment. (Original abstract - amended)

For a lender, a volatile economy equates to an increase in delinquent payments of consumer debt in the form of home mortgages, automobile loans, and business debt. As a result, the lender's need for force placed insurance dramatically jumps in frequency. This type of coverage is also used where a bank has to repossess property by foreclosure. A robust force placed facility will offer a full spectrum of tools to maintain account reconciliation and through file documentation to ensure regulatory compliance.

Representatives of more than 30 European youth organisations attended the European Youth Forum's conference on Human Rights in Bucharest at the end of April. Think Romania and what springs to mind? Dracula, Transylvania, Steaua Bucharest, Georghe Hagi, TV pictures of the look on Ceausescu's face as he stood on that balcony in 1989, AIDS, orphanages. But it's eight years since the revolution. Things must bebetter now, right? Wrong. A recent Amnesty International report slammed the government for human rights abuses, highlighting mistreatment of prisoners and the infamous Article 200, which criminalises homosexuality. Avoiding military service will land you in the clink. The gypsyand Romani peoples are persecuted. As for children's rights, Romania has barely emerged from the Middle Ages.