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"Smethurst, Paul"
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The bicycle : towards a global history
\"The modern bicycle as we know it today was developed in England in the 1880s. A decade later, cycling was already a popular spectator sport and a recreational fashion across western society. Women's rights, class mobility and a modern spirit of individualism helped fuel this bicycle boom. In China, on the other hand, the bicycle's ubiquity reflected state-controlled social uniformity. Briefly, it became a symbol of resistance in Tiananmen Square in the 1980s, but crushed by tanks it later turned into a downward marker of class with millions scrapped. In the 21st century, the bicycle is enjoying a global resurgence. It is favoured as a sustainable form of transport, while also reinventing itself as a chic and sportive fashion object, and a generic protest vehicle. With contradictory strands like these, the bicycle's cultural history is a rich subject for cross-cultural study. Beginning with the technical history of the bicycle's invention, and the socio-economic factors that precipitated it, the main focus of this book is the ever-changing cultural significance of the bicycle as an object, and of bicycling as a shifting, but ever popular social practice around the world. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Drugit: crowd-sourcing molecular design of non-peptidic VHL binders
Building on the role of human intuition in small molecule drug design, we explored whether crowdsourcing could recruit citizen scientists to this task while in parallel building awareness for this scientific process. Here, we introduce Drugit (
https://drugit.org
), the small molecule design mode of the online citizen science game Foldit. We demonstrate its utility by identifying distinct binders to the von Hippel Lindau E3 ligase. Several thousand molecules were suggested by players in a series of ten puzzle rounds. The proposed molecules were further evaluated in silico and manually by an expert panel. Selected candidates were synthesized and tested. One of these molecules shows dose-dependent shift perturbations in protein-observed NMR experiments. The co-crystal structure in complex with the E3 ligase reveals that the observed binding mode matches the player’s original idea. The completion of one full design cycle is a proof of concept for the Drugit approach and highlights the potential of involving citizen scientists in early drug discovery.
Citizen science taps the efforts of non-experts. Here, authors describe Drugit, an extension of the crowdsourcing game Foldit, and its use in designing a non-peptide binder of Von Hippel Lindau E3 ligase for use with proteolysis targeting chimeras.
Journal Article
Nature writing
This chapter examines how nature writing helped shape ideas of nature in the West, exploring the ecological perspectives that inform the so-called 'new nature writing' of Robert Macfarlane and others. Although Romanticism and scenic tourism sought to bring their subjects closer to nature at a time of urbanisation and materialism, they both ended up, through 'aestheticisation and sentimentalisation', distancing the natural environment from the site of human habitation and labour. The chapter welcomes ecocriticism's scrutiny of our exploitation of the natural world in contrast to the celebratory tone of much traditional nature writing and sees in the new nature writing 'a new poetics that [...] aims to bridge the gap between human society and the biosphere that enfolds and supports it'.
Book Chapter
Fragrant with possibilities
Arriving from London in early 1997 at the University of Hong Kong, I found myself swimming against a tide of deserting expats. It was the time of the handover: diehard colonials were digging in, and Brit-bashing was in full swing. The acronym \"Filth\" re-emerged: \"Failed in London, try Hong Kong\". The signs didn't bode well.
Journal Article
Court short
Experts and forensic accountants who operate in the civil litigation area can expect their costs and work to receive increasing attention from lawyers and the judiciary, and could impact on the work they do. Lord Justice Rupert Jackson argues that the cost of experts will be most effectively controlled by proactive, robust judicial case management. However, the cost of preparation for such a critical case management hearing, together with the amount of time that it would take a Judge to read into the case in order to be fully prepared, makes it unlikely that this approach will get off the ground. Two recommendations are: Parties seeking permission to enter expert evidence should also provide the Court with an estimate of costs, and \"hot tubbing\" or \"concurrent evidence\" for experts should be piloted where all parties agree.
Trade Publication Article
Invisible Bicycle: Parallel Histories and Different Timelines ed. by Tiina Männistö-Funk, Timo Myllyntaus (review)
Oosterhuis’s essay compares national cycling practices and transport policies, sensibly concluding that national characteristics, infrastructure, terrain, economics, and class all give rise to national bicycle policies, which in turn shape local bicycle culture. Missing from all this, however, is consideration of integrated transport policies in those cities responding to climate change. Emanuel’s essay touches on climate change as it explores Stockholm’s focus on making the city attractive through bicycle-friendliness, as well as challenging the role of the car for everyday commuting.
Journal Article