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\"This third volume of the Business of Mining set commences with \"Our Earth, its Minerals and Ore Bodies\", followed by a review of mineral exploration and sampling of mineral deposits. It continues with detailed sections covering the reporting of mineral resources and reserves in Australia, and concludes with the basic principles and application of the various methods of estimating the in-situ mineral resources and ore reserves. The books were written primarily for undergraduate applied geologists, mining engineers and extractive metallurgists and those pursuing course-based postgraduate programs in mineral economics\"-- Provided by publisher.

Many western nations have experienced a rise in the number of marginalised and deprived inner-city neighbourhoods. Despite a plethora of research focused on these areas, there remain few studies that have sought to capture the 'optimality' of ageing in place in such places. In particular, little is known about why some older people desire to age in place despite multiple risks in their neighbourhood and why others reject ageing in place. Given the growth in both the ageing of the population and policy interest in the cohesion and sustainability of neighbourhoods there is an urgent need to better understand the experience of ageing in marginalised locations. This book aims to address the shortfall in knowledge regarding older people's attachment to deprived neighbourhoods and in so doing progress what critics have referred to as the languishing state of environmental gerontology. The author examines new cross-national research with older people in deprived urban neighbourhoods and suggests a rethinking and refocusing of the older person's relationship with place. Impact on policy and future research are also discussed. This book will be relevant to academics, students, architects, city planners and policy makers with an interest in environmental gerontology, social exclusion, urban sustainability and design of the built environment.

Faced with an unplanned pregnancy, an offbeat young woman makes an unusual decision regarding her unborn child.

Increasing plant vigor is a major challenge because land plants are vulnerable to many stresses which impacts their survival and reduces crop production. Here, we demonstrate that pretreatment of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds with ethylene in darkness followed by transition to light leads to increased stress tolerance to a variety of stresses including high heat, high salt, heavy metal, re-oxygenation after hypoxia, cold, and flagellin 22 peptide. Under the conditions used, survival without ethylene pretreatment ranged from approximately 5% to 50% depending on the stressor. After ethylene pretreatment, survival ranged from 80% to 100% under the conditions studied. Only one stress examined, freezing, was unaffected by ethylene pretreatment. Ethylene pretreatment led to increases in sucrose, fructose, and glucose prior to stress; the levels of glucose after heat stress remained high. Additionally, ethylene pretreatment prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in leaves after high heat stress. Two cytosolic invertases, CINV1 and CINV2, were required for ethylene-mediated increases in survival and sugar levels. In contrast to wild-type seedlings, ethylene pretreatment did not prevent ROS accumulation after high heat stress in cinv1;cinv2 double mutants. This suggests that normal breakdown of sucrose is required for these responses after pretreatment with ethylene.

Diabetes is among the most prevalent chronic conditions in the United States. Challenges in optimal diabetes care include fragmented care, gaps in diabetes self-management education, and high treatment burden. Severe hypoglycemia, a serious and potentially preventable event, indicates the need for treatment optimization. Inadequate or inaccessible care increases hypoglycemia risk. Community paramedics are well-positioned to fill these care gaps by providing focused diabetes self-management education and improving patient self-efficacy. Integrating community paramedics into care teams offers a novel pathway to improve diabetes outcomes. We will conduct a pragmatic 2-group, parallel-arm, randomized clinical trial of a community paramedic-led \"Diabetes Rescue, Engagement, and Management\" program to enhance diabetes self-management in patients with a history of hypoglycemia. The study will enroll 150 adults (≥18 years) with diabetes and a history of level 3 hypoglycemia from 5 counties in Minnesota. Participants identified as having hypoglycemia (from an integrated health system and the primary ambulance service in the area) will be randomly assigned to the program intervention or to usual care. The intervention group will receive community paramedic home visits for approximately 1 month to deliver diabetes self-management education tailored to individual needs. Both groups will receive written diabetes education and resource materials. Outcomes include change in diabetes self-management, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hemoglobin A1c level, diabetes distress, and health-related quality of life, assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 4 months. Qualitative interviews of 16 intervention participants and 16 persons who decline participation will be analyzed to understand the program's effects and reasons for nonparticipation, to inform future program design. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04874532.

To review the literature on work-life interfaces in the sport industry, focusing on athletic trainers, coaches, athletes, and other sport personnel. Studies were identified using SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar. Search terms included work-family balance, work-life balance, work-family conflict, work-life conflict, work-family enrichment, and work-life enrichment. These search terms were used in different combinations and configurations in the search process. Included studies were peer-reviewed journal articles, with primary data collection, and published in English. In the articles, researchers also examined some aspect of the work-family interface in relation to the sport industry. The initial searches returned 110 articles. Of these, 21 articles were removed for a lack of focus on the sport industry, for being a duplicate, or for focusing outside the work-life interface in sport. A total of 89 articles remained for a full analysis. An additional 20 articles were then removed because the authors either did not collect primary data or focused outside our study purpose. Therefore, 69 articles were included in the review. The theoretical framework, study population, population region, methods, article focus, and findings from the articles were recorded. Articles were then grouped based on the study population focus (eg, athletic trainer, coach, or other). The results suggested that investigators' primary interests were athletic trainers and coaches, primarily with respect to work-life balance and work-life conflict. Less attention was paid to international participants, athletes, and topics related to work-life enrichment. The field will continue to progress as more populations and perspectives are studied. Furthermore, an additional emphasis on positive organizational behaviors, such as work-life enrichment and life-work enrichment, will move the literature forward and answer useful questions with both theoretical and practical outcomes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322177.].

The purpose of this sequential transformative study was to elucidate the negative experiences of teachers with performance evaluations and to juxtapose the intended use of current popular teacher evaluation reform movements to the evident implementation. One may quickly assume that negative experiences with evaluation are a result of unsatisfactory teaching practices. However, this may not accurately explain the negative experiences. This study focused on the negative experience of teacher evaluation to provide a broader understanding of the impact of new evaluation policy reform on student achievement and teacher quality. With a paucity of previous research focused on the negative impacts of teacher evaluation, this study addressed the following questions: (1) How does the Peer Assistance and Review (PAR) teacher evaluation process negatively impact teachers? (2) What, if any, parallel traits exist among those teachers who had negative experiences with the PAR evaluation system? and, (3) How does the intended use of the PAR teacher evaluation process compare to the evident use of PAR? Data revealed dissonance among intent and evident use of the evaluation policy. A disproportionate number of African Americans, women over the age of 55, and teachers higher on the pay scale were referred to PAR. Vague policy language was suggested as the impetus for misuse, abuse, and biased implementation at the local level. This study suggests that policymakers and school district officials take heed of multiple perspectives and consider the negative impacts of teacher evaluation reform. Evaluation systems that prioritize teacher learning over accountability are integral to successfully improving student achievement.

Parsimony network analysis of rDNA sequences was used to delimit phylogenetic species of yeasts in an objective, formal manner. Many strains assigned to Candida apicola (Starmerella clade), when compared to the type, fell outside the inclusion limits proposed by Kurtzman and Robnett (1998) based on a pair-wise comparison of the large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domains. However, when these sequences were analyzed jointly with ITS rDNA sequences by parsimony network analysis, 28 of the 30 strains formed a cohesive set. Two strains, MUCL 45721 and CBS 4353, were excluded from the species, but there was no evident justification to subdivide the rest. A similar analysis of 81 isolates originally assigned to Candida azyma (Wickerhamiella clade) yielded dramatically different results, giving rise to six independent networks corresponding to Candida azyma sensu stricto (18 strains), Candida azymoides (2 strains), a pair of isolates from Australian hibiscus flowers, a single isolate from the same substrate, a single isolate from Malaysian bertam palm nectar, and 57 isolates that are assigned to the new species Candida parazyma (type = UWOPS 91-652.1T = CBS 11563T = NRRL Y-48669T). The strains retained in C. azyma sensu stricto differed from one another by up to four substitutions in their D1/D2 sequences, but their polymorphism at the level of the ITS was considerable and suggested a history of divergence resulting from dispersal. Strains of C. parazyma fell into seven variant haplotypes based on sequences of the rDNA ITS and D1/D2 regions. The most abundant haplotype occurred across the global range of the species. Others were either endemic to Belize, Costa Rica, Rarotonga, or Tennessee, suggestive of vicariance, or occurred across remote localities, offering partial support to the notion of rapid dispersal.

Female athletes and performing artists can present with low energy availability (LEA) from either unintentional (eg, inadvertent undereating) or intentional (eg, eating disorder [ED]) methods. Whereas LEA and ED risk have been examined independently, few researchers have examined them simultaneously. Awareness of LEA with or without ED risk may provide clinicians with innovative prevention and intervention strategies. To examine LEA with or without ED risk (eg, eating attitudes, pathogenic behaviors) in female collegiate athletes and performing artists and compare sport type and LEA with the overall ED risk. Cross-sectional study. Free living in sport-specific settings. A total of 121 collegiate female athletes and performing artists (age = 19.8 ± 2.0 years, height = 168.9 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 63.6 ± 9.3 kg) participating in equestrian (n = 28), soccer (n = 20), beach volleyball (n = 18), softball (n = 17), volleyball (n = 12), and ballet (n = 26). Anthropometric measurements (height, mass, body composition), resting metabolic rate, energy intake, total daily energy expenditure, exercise energy expenditure, Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), and EDI-3 Symptom Checklist were assessed. Chi-square analysis was used to examine differences between LEA and sport type, LEA and ED risk, ED risk and sport type, and pathogenic behaviors and sport type. Most (81%, n = 98) female athletes and performing artists displayed LEA and differences between LEA and sport type (\\(\\def\\upalpha{\\unicode[Times]{x3B1}}\\)\\(\\def\\upbeta{\\unicode[Times]{x3B2}}\\)\\(\\def\\upgamma{\\unicode[Times]{x3B3}}\\)\\(\\def\\updelta{\\unicode[Times]{x3B4}}\\)\\(\\def\\upvarepsilon{\\unicode[Times]{x3B5}}\\)\\(\\def\\upzeta{\\unicode[Times]{x3B6}}\\)\\(\\def\\upeta{\\unicode[Times]{x3B7}}\\)\\(\\def\\uptheta{\\unicode[Times]{x3B8}}\\)\\(\\def\\upiota{\\unicode[Times]{x3B9}}\\)\\(\\def\\upkappa{\\unicode[Times]{x3BA}}\\)\\(\\def\\uplambda{\\unicode[Times]{x3BB}}\\)\\(\\def\\upmu{\\unicode[Times]{x3BC}}\\)\\(\\def\\upnu{\\unicode[Times]{x3BD}}\\)\\(\\def\\upxi{\\unicode[Times]{x3BE}}\\)\\(\\def\\upomicron{\\unicode[Times]{x3BF}}\\)\\(\\def\\uppi{\\unicode[Times]{x3C0}}\\)\\(\\def\\uprho{\\unicode[Times]{x3C1}}\\)\\(\\def\\upsigma{\\unicode[Times]{x3C3}}\\)\\(\\def\\uptau{\\unicode[Times]{x3C4}}\\)\\(\\def\\upupsilon{\\unicode[Times]{x3C5}}\\)\\(\\def\\upphi{\\unicode[Times]{x3C6}}\\)\\(\\def\\upchi{\\unicode[Times]{x3C7}}\\)\\(\\def\\uppsy{\\unicode[Times]{x3C8}}\\)\\(\\def\\upomega{\\unicode[Times]{x3C9}}\\)\\(\\def\\bialpha{\\boldsymbol{\\alpha}}\\)\\(\\def\\bibeta{\\boldsymbol{\\beta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bigamma{\\boldsymbol{\\gamma}}\\)\\(\\def\\bidelta{\\boldsymbol{\\delta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bivarepsilon{\\boldsymbol{\\varepsilon}}\\)\\(\\def\\bizeta{\\boldsymbol{\\zeta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bieta{\\boldsymbol{\\eta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bitheta{\\boldsymbol{\\theta}}\\)\\(\\def\\biiota{\\boldsymbol{\\iota}}\\)\\(\\def\\bikappa{\\boldsymbol{\\kappa}}\\)\\(\\def\\bilambda{\\boldsymbol{\\lambda}}\\)\\(\\def\\bimu{\\boldsymbol{\\mu}}\\)\\(\\def\\binu{\\boldsymbol{\\nu}}\\)\\(\\def\\bixi{\\boldsymbol{\\xi}}\\)\\(\\def\\biomicron{\\boldsymbol{\\micron}}\\)\\(\\def\\bipi{\\boldsymbol{\\pi}}\\)\\(\\def\\birho{\\boldsymbol{\\rho}}\\)\\(\\def\\bisigma{\\boldsymbol{\\sigma}}\\)\\(\\def\\bitau{\\boldsymbol{\\tau}}\\)\\(\\def\\biupsilon{\\boldsymbol{\\upsilon}}\\)\\(\\def\\biphi{\\boldsymbol{\\phi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bichi{\\boldsymbol{\\chi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bipsy{\\boldsymbol{\\psy}}\\)\\(\\def\\biomega{\\boldsymbol{\\omega}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupalpha{\\bf{\\alpha}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupbeta{\\bf{\\beta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupgamma{\\bf{\\gamma}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupdelta{\\bf{\\delta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupvarepsilon{\\bf{\\varepsilon}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupzeta{\\bf{\\zeta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupeta{\\bf{\\eta}}\\)\\(\\def\\buptheta{\\bf{\\theta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupiota{\\bf{\\iota}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupkappa{\\bf{\\kappa}}\\)\\(\\def\\buplambda{\\bf{\\lambda}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupmu{\\bf{\\mu}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupnu{\\bf{\\nu}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupxi{\\bf{\\xi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupomicron{\\bf{\\micron}}\\)\\(\\def\\buppi{\\bf{\\pi}}\\)\\(\\def\\buprho{\\bf{\\rho}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupsigma{\\bf{\\sigma}}\\)\\(\\def\\buptau{\\bf{\\tau}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupupsilon{\\bf{\\upsilon}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupphi{\\bf{\\phi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupchi{\\bf{\\chi}}\\)\\(\\def\\buppsy{\\bf{\\psy}}\\)\\(\\def\\bupomega{\\bf{\\omega}}\\)\\(\\def\\bGamma{\\bf{\\Gamma}}\\)\\(\\def\\bDelta{\\bf{\\Delta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bTheta{\\bf{\\Theta}}\\)\\(\\def\\bLambda{\\bf{\\Lambda}}\\)\\(\\def\\bXi{\\bf{\\Xi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bPi{\\bf{\\Pi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bSigma{\\bf{\\Sigma}}\\)\\(\\def\\bPhi{\\bf{\\Phi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bPsi{\\bf{\\Psi}}\\)\\(\\def\\bOmega{\\bf{\\Omega}}\\)\\({\\rm{\\chi }}_5^2\\) = 43.8, P < .001). The majority (76.0%, n = 92) presented with an ED risk, but the ED risk did not differ by sport type (P = .94). The EDI-3 Symptom Checklist revealed that 61.2% (n = 74) engaged in pathogenic behaviors, with dieting being the most common (51.2%, n = 62). Most (76.0%, n = 92) displayed LEA with an ED risk. No differences were found in LEA by ED risk and sport type. Softball players reported the most LEA with an ED risk (82.4%, n = 14), followed by ballet dancers (76%, n = 19). Our results suggested that a large proportion of collegiate female athletes and performing artists were at risk for LEA with an ED risk, thus warranting education, identification, prevention, and intervention strategies relative to fueling for performance.