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Writing degree zero
\"Is there any such thing as revolutionary literature? Can literature, in fact, be political at all? These are the questions Roland Barthes addresses in Writing Degree Zero, his first published book and a landmark in his oeuvre. The debate had engaged the European literary community since the 1930s; with this fierce manifesto, Barthes challenged the notion of literature's obligation to be socially committed. Yes, Barthes allows, the writer has a political and ethical responsibility. But the history of French literature shows that the writer has often failed to meet it--and from Barthes's perspective, literature is committed to little more than the myth of itself. Expert and uncompromising, Writing Degree Zero introduced the themes that would soon establish Barthes as one of the leading voices in literary criticism.\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging
The term cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) describes a range of neuroimaging, pathological, and associated clinical features. Clinical features range from none, to discrete focal neurological symptoms (eg, stroke), to insidious global neurological dysfunction and dementia. The burden on public health is substantial. The pathogenesis of SVD is largely unknown. Although the pathological processes leading to the arteriolar disease are associated with vascular risk factors and are believed to result from an intrinsic cerebral arteriolar occlusive disease, little is known about how these processes result in brain disease, how SVD lesions contribute to neurological or cognitive symptoms, and the association with risk factors. Pathology often shows end-stage disease, which makes identification of the earliest stages difficult. Neuroimaging provides considerable insights; although the small vessels are not easily seen themselves, the effects of their malfunction on the brain can be tracked with detailed brain imaging. We discuss potential mechanisms, detectable with neuroimaging, that might better fit the available evidence and provide testable hypotheses for future study.
Journal Article
Fire in the night : Wingate of Burma, Ethiopia, and Zion
A biography of Orde Charles Wingate, a charismatic and eccentric World War II general. His over-riding passion was for Zionism, a cause embraced when posted to British-ruled Palestine in 1936. He led many campaigns, the most famous conducted behind enemy lines in Burma against the Japanese.
Book
Inquiring into Being
New essays on early Greek natural philosopher
Parmenides, who is perhaps the originator of
metaphysics.
Inquiring into Being is a study of Parmenides, the
early Greek pre-Socratic philosopher often credited as the
first metaphysician and whose sole written work was a
philosophical poem. In his poem, Parmenides has a narrating
goddess character indicate the sense of being that must be and
cannot be as a corrective to the errors mortals make when
accounting for the ultimate nature of reality while showing a
keen scientific understanding of natural phenomena.
Inquiring into Being brings together and further
develops recent work on Parmenides and the surviving fragments
of his text through twelve chapters by scholars from the United
States and United Kingdom working in analytic and continental
philosophy, classics, political theory, literary theory, and
the history of science. It serves as a guide through many of
the interpretive controversies in Parmenides's poem while
offering new insights into Parmenides's role as poet,
scientist, natural philosopher, and investigator into the
nature of being.
eBook
Reforming senates : upper legislative houses in North Atlantic small powers, 1800-present
\"This original and new study of senates in small powers across the North Atlantic shows that the establishment and reform of these upper legislative houses have followed remarkably parallel trajectories. Senate reforms emerged in the wake of deep political crises within the Atlantic World, and were influenced by the comparatively weak positions of small powers. Reformers responded to crises and constantly looked beyond borders and oceans for inspiration to keep their senates relevant\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Predicting the Tolerated Sequences for Proteins and Protein Interfaces Using RosettaBackrub Flexible Backbone Design
Predicting the set of sequences that are tolerated by a protein or protein interface, while maintaining a desired function, is useful for characterizing protein interaction specificity and for computationally designing sequence libraries to engineer proteins with new functions. Here we provide a general method, a detailed set of protocols, and several benchmarks and analyses for estimating tolerated sequences using flexible backbone protein design implemented in the Rosetta molecular modeling software suite. The input to the method is at least one experimentally determined three-dimensional protein structure or high-quality model. The starting structure(s) are expanded or refined into a conformational ensemble using Monte Carlo simulations consisting of backrub backbone and side chain moves in Rosetta. The method then uses a combination of simulated annealing and genetic algorithm optimization methods to enrich for low-energy sequences for the individual members of the ensemble. To emphasize certain functional requirements (e.g. forming a binding interface), interactions between and within parts of the structure (e.g. domains) can be reweighted in the scoring function. Results from each backbone structure are merged together to create a single estimate for the tolerated sequence space. We provide an extensive description of the protocol and its parameters, all source code, example analysis scripts and three tests applying this method to finding sequences predicted to stabilize proteins or protein interfaces. The generality of this method makes many other applications possible, for example stabilizing interactions with small molecules, DNA, or RNA. Through the use of within-domain reweighting and/or multistate design, it may also be possible to use this method to find sequences that stabilize particular protein conformations or binding interactions over others.
Journal Article
The making of classical Edinburgh 1750-1840
In this exposition of the making of the much quoted, photographed, studied and loved townscapes of Georgian Edinburgh, A.J. Youngson recreates and brings to life one of the most comprehensive, detailed and remarkable urban expansion programmes ever undertaken.
Book
Medial knee loading is altered in subjects with early osteoarthritis during gait but not during step-up-and-over task
This study evaluates knee joint loading during gait and step-up-and-over tasks in control subjects, subjects with early knee OA and those with established knee OA. Thirty-seven subjects with varying degrees of medial compartment knee OA severity (eighteen with early OA and sixteen with established OA), and nineteen healthy controls performed gait and step-up-and-over tasks. Knee joint moments, contact forces (KCF), the magnitude of contact pressures and center of pressure (CoP) location were analyzed for the three groups for both activities using a multi-body knee model with articular cartilage contact, 14 ligaments, and six degrees of freedom tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. During gait, the first peak of the medial KCF was significantly higher for patients with early knee OA (p = 0.048) and established knee OA (p = 0.001) compared to control subjects. Furthermore, the medial contact pressure magnitudes and CoP location were significantly different in both groups of patients compared to controls. Knee rotation moments (KRMs) and external rotation angles were significantly higher during early stance in both patient groups (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. During step-up-and-over, there was a high variability between the participants and no significant differences in KCF were observed between the groups. Knee joint loading and kinematics were found to be altered in patients with early knee OA only during gait. This is an indication that an excessive medial KCF and altered loading location, observed in these patients, is a contributor to early progression of knee OA.
Journal Article
Institutional crisis in 21st century Britain
In the 21st Century, a perfect storm appears to have engulfed many of Britain's most important institutions. The list of those it has enveloped is extensive, but headline acts would include - the banking sector for malpractice, Parliament for its expenses scandal, the media for phone-hacking and the police for duplicity and corruption. It raises a fundamental question of whether there is an endemic and fundamental crisis in British political, economic and social institutions or instead simply a set of contingent events that have been discursively constructed and presented as a collective crisis. This volume offer the first major, wholesale consideration of the extent to which a crisis of legitimacy has taken root in Britain's key institutions. It does so by exploring the nature of crisis across a diverse range of institutions, assessing the accuracy of the 'crisis' label and crucially considers whether a set of shared underlying pathologies exist that has led to a point of collective crisis and the need for fundamental renewal.
Book
Sustainable biopolymer soil stabilization in saline rich, arid conditions: a ‘micro to macro’ approach
Water scarcity in semi-arid/arid regions is driving the use of salt water in mining operations. A consequence of this shift, is the potentially unheeded effect upon Mine Tailing (MT) management. With existing stabilization/solidification methodologies exhibiting vulnerability to MT toxicity and salinity effects, it is essential to explore the scope for more environmentally durable sustainable alternatives under these conditions. Within this study we investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl, 0–2.5 M) and temperatures associated with arid regions (25 °C, 40 °C), on Locust Bean Gum (LB) biopolymer stabilization of MT exemplar and sand (control) soil systems. A cross-disciplinary ‘micro to macro’ pipeline is employed, from a Membrane Enabled Bio-mineral Affinity Screen (MEBAS), to Mineral Binding Characterisation (MBC), leading finally to Geotechnical Verification (GV). As predicted by higher Fe
2
O
3
LB binding affinity in saline in the MEBAS studies, LB with 1.25 M NaCl, results in the greatest soil strength in the MT exemplar after 7 days of curing at 40 °C. Under these most challenging conditions for other soil strengthening systems, an overall UCS peak of 5033 kPa is achieved. MBC shows the critical and direct relationship between Fe
2
O
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-LB in saltwater to be ‘high-affinity’ at the molecular level and ‘high-strength’ achieved at the geotechnical level. This is attributed to biopolymer binding group’s increased availability, with their ‘salting-in’ as NaCl concentrations rises to 1.25 M and then ‘salting-out’ at higher concentrations. This study highlights the potential of biopolymers as robust, sustainable, soil stabilization additives in challenging environments.
Journal Article