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"Smith, D. E."
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The food we eat, the stories we tell : contemporary Appalachian tables
\"Blue Ridge tacos, kimchi with soup beans and cornbread, family stories hiding in cookbook marginalia, African American mountain gardens-this wide-ranging anthology considers all these and more. Diverse contributors show us that contemporary Appalachian tables and the stories they hold offer new ways into understanding past, present, and future American food practices. The poets, scholars, fiction writers, journalists, and food professionals in these pages show us that what we eat gives a beautifully full picture of Appalachia, where it's been, and where it's going\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The South Pole‐Aitken Basin: Constraints on Impact Excavation, Melt, and Ejecta
The formation and evolution of the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin is critical to relating large impact basin formation and modification to lunar geophysical evolution. Most prior models of the SPA impact were conducted in 2D, making it difficult to compare model output to the 3D crustal structure and ejecta distribution. In order to better constrain the parameters of the SPA impactor and the expected post impact distribution of crust and ejecta, we conducted numerical simulations of the SPA impact in 3D. We tested a wide range of impact parameters and constrained model results with recent geophysical data. We found the crustal structure of the SPA basin is best fit by an oblique impact (30–45°) of a 350–400 km diameter projectile impacting at 12–16 km/s. The impact excavated material from as deep as 80–120 km, and ejecta was deposited in a butterfly pattern with a forbidden region uprange of the impact. Plain Language Summary The South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin is the largest impact‐generated structure on the Moon. The large size of the basin (approximately 1,500–2,000 km in diameter) implies the impact that generated the basin globally influenced the early evolution of the Moon. In order to constrain the type of impact that formed the basin, we ran computer simulations of large projectiles (300–400 km in diameter) impacting the early lunar surface. We found the structure of the crust surrounding the basin best matches an impact of a 350–400 km diameter projectile (similar in scale to Saturn's moon Mimas) impacting the Moon with a velocity of 12–16 km per second. Our computer models show that the collision that generated the basin would have formed a non‐symmetrical distribution of impact ejecta, and excavated material from the lower crust and upper mantle. Our results constrain the type of impact that formed the SPA basin, and suggest that ejecta from the impact is prevalent at sites of current and future lunar exploration. Key Points 3D simulations constrain the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) impactor to 350–400 km diameter impacting at 12–16 km/s and 30–45° The SPA impact excavated lower crust and upper mantle lunar materials, and emplaced ejecta in a butterfly type ejecta pattern The thick crustal annulus present in model results requires further modeling of basin collapse and post‐impact relaxation
Journal Article
Extended pharmacodynamic responses observed upon PROTAC-mediated degradation of RIPK2
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small-molecules that can promote the rapid and selective proteasome-mediated degradation of intracellular proteins through the recruitment of E3 ligase complexes to non-native protein substrates. The catalytic mechanism of action of PROTACs represents an exciting new modality in drug discovery that offers several potential advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors, including the potential to deliver pharmacodynamic (PD) efficacy which extends beyond the detectable pharmacokinetic (PK) presence of the PROTAC, driven by the synthesis rate of the protein. Herein we report the identification and development of PROTACs that selectively degrade Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 2 (RIPK2) and demonstrate in vivo degradation of endogenous RIPK2 in rats at low doses and extended PD that persists in the absence of detectable compound. This disconnect between PK and PD, when coupled with low nanomolar potency, offers the potential for low human doses and infrequent dosing regimens with PROTAC medicines.
Mares et al. develop Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) that degrade its target RIPK2 in vivo at low doses for a prolonged period of time. This study suggests that PROTAC has a therapeutic potential that is superior to traditional RIPK2 small-molecule inhibitors.
Journal Article
Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
We present the results on precision orbit determination from the radio science investigation of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft. We describe the data, modeling and methods used to achieve position knowledge several times better than the required 50–100 m (in total position), over the period from 13 July 2009 to 31 January 2011. In addition to the near-continuous radiometric tracking data, we include altimetric data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) in the form of crossover measurements, and show that they strongly improve the accuracy of the orbit reconstruction (total position overlap differences decrease from ~70 m to ~23 m). To refine the spacecraft trajectory further, we develop a lunar gravity field by combining the newly acquired LRO data with the historical data. The reprocessing of the spacecraft trajectory with that model shows significantly increased accuracy (~20 m with only the radiometric data, and ~14 m with the addition of the altimetric crossovers). LOLA topographic maps and calibration data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera were used to supplement the results of the overlap analysis and demonstrate the trajectory accuracy.
Journal Article
Catchment and river basin management : integrating science and governance
The central focus of this volume is a critical comparative analysis of the key drivers for water resource management and the provision of clean water - governance systems and institutional and legal arrangements. The authors present a systematic analysis of case study river systems drawn from Australia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, UK and USA to provide an integrated global assessment of the scale and key features of catchment management.
Book
Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm
The Dawn spacecraft targeted 4 Vesta, believed to be a remnant intact protoplanet from the earliest epoch of solar system formation, based on analyses of howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites that indicate a differentiated parent body. Dawn observations reveal a giant basin at Vesta's south pole, whose excavation was sufficient to produce Vesta-family asteroids (Vestoids) and HED meteorites. The spatially resolved mineralogy of the surface reflects the composition of the HED meteorites, confirming the formation of Vesta's crust by melting of a chondritic parent body. Vesta's mass, volume, and gravitational field are consistent with a core having an average radius of 107 to 113 kilometers, indicating sufficient internal melting to segregate iron. Dawn's results confirm predictions that Vesta differentiated and support its identification as the parent body of the HEDs.
Journal Article
Lunar impact basins: Stratigraphy, sequence and ages from superposed impact crater populations measured from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data
Impact basin formation is a fundamental process in the evolution of the Moon and records the history of impactors in the early solar system. In order to assess the stratigraphy, sequence, and ages of impact basins and the impactor population as a function of time, we have used topography from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) to measure the superposed impact crater size‐frequency distributions for 30 lunar basins (D ≥ 300 km). These data generally support the widely used Wilhelms sequence of lunar basins, although we find significantly higher densities of superposed craters on many lunar basins than derived by Wilhelms (50% higher densities). Our data also provide new insight into the timing of the transition between distinct crater populations characteristic of ancient and young lunar terrains. The transition from a lunar impact flux dominated by Population 1 to Population 2 occurred before the mid‐Nectarian. This is before the end of the period of rapid cratering, and potentially before the end of the hypothesized Late Heavy Bombardment. LOLA‐derived crater densities also suggest that many Pre‐Nectarian basins, such as South Pole‐Aitken, have been cratered to saturation equilibrium. Finally, both crater counts and stratigraphic observations based on LOLA data are applicable to specific basin stratigraphic problems of interest; for example, using these data, we suggest that Serenitatis is older than Nectaris, and Humboldtianum is younger than Crisium. Sample return missions to specific basins can anchor these measurements to a Pre‐Imbrian absolute chronology. Key Points New measurements of crater statistics and stratigraphy for 30 lunar basins Any transition in lunar impactor populations occurred before the mid‐Nectarian The oldest lunar basins are likely cratered to saturation equilibrium
Journal Article