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Sulfated glycopeptide nanostructures for multipotent protein activation
Biological systems have evolved to utilize numerous proteins with capacity to bind polysaccharides for the purpose of optimizing their function. A well-known subset of these proteins with binding domains for the highly diverse sulfated polysaccharides are important growth factors involved in biological development and tissue repair. We report here on supramolecular sulfated glycopeptide nanostructures, which display a trisulfated monosaccharide on their surfaces and bind five critical proteins with different polysaccharide-binding domains. Binding does not disrupt the filamentous shape of the nanostructures or their internal β-sheet backbone, but must involve accessible adaptive configurations to interact with such different proteins. The glycopeptide nanostructures amplified signalling of bone morphogenetic protein 2 significantly more than the natural sulfated polysaccharide heparin, and promoted regeneration of bone in the spine with a protein dose that is 100-fold lower than that required in the animal model. These highly bioactive nanostructures may enable many therapies in the future involving proteins.
Highly bioactive supramolecular nanostructures displaying sulfated glycopeptides on their surfaces were designed in order to mimic the polysaccharides that bind and activate a plethora of proteins in mammalian biology during development and tissue regeneration.
Journal Article
Sulfated glycopeptide nanostructures for multipotent protein activation
Biological systems have evolved to utilize numerous proteins with capacity to bind polysaccharides for the purpose of optimizing their function. A well-known subset of these proteins with binding domains for the highly diverse sulfated polysaccharides are important growth factors involved in biological development and tissue repair. Here, we report on supramolecular sulfated glycopeptide nanostructures, which display a trisulfated monosaccharide on their surfaces and bind five critical proteins with very different polysaccharide binding domains. Binding does not disrupt the filamentous shape of the nanostructures or their internal β-sheet backbone, but must involve accessible adaptive configurations to interact with such different proteins. The glycopeptide nanostructures amplified signaling of bone morphogenetic protein 2 significantly more than the natural sulfated polysaccharide heparin, and promoted regeneration of bone in the spine with a protein dose that is 100-fold lower than expected. These super-bioactive nanostructures may enable many therapies in the horizon involving proteins.
Journal Article
Gloom Pervades European Bond Markets
However, jitters over the direction of U.S. rates did underpin LB Rheinland-Pfalz's four-year issue, which is being reoffered to investors at 99.89 via lead manager Lehman Brothers International. At a coupon of 1/16 point below the six-month dollar London interbank offered rate, the notes yield about three basis points below Libor. A basis point is a hundredth of a percentage point. Several syndicate group members complained that the spread was up to five basis points too tight because there is plenty of intermediate paper that yields above Libor. However, another group member in continental Europe says the LB Rheinland-Pfalz bonds look very attractive. In the cash market, the government's 6% bonds due 2003 closed down 0.54 point, at 100.23, to yield 5.96%, up seven basis points. The government's 6 1/4% bonds due 2024, ended 0.92 point lower at 95.94, to yield 6.57%, up eight basis points.
Newspaper Article
Eurobonds Ignore Slump in European Government Markets
Among European government markets, German Bunds saw selling after the release of M3 money supply figures, which showed a larger-than-expected increase of 6.8% in the year to October. French Treasurys were slumping on a combination of disappointment over the pace of French interest-rate reductions and technical factors, while U.K. gilts softened along with other markets. However, bearish sentiment did little to damp activity in the Eurobond market. The Export Import Bank of Japan was tapping the 10-year Euromark sector with its offering of 5.875% bonds reoffered at 99.035 to yield a spread of 18 basis points over the 10-year Bund. A basis point is one hundredth of a percentage point. The bonds are rated triple-A and are guaranteed by the Japanese government. In the cash market, the 6% bonds due 2003 edged down 0.36 point at 100.98, pushing the yield up four basis points to 5.86%. In the futures markets, the December Bund contract at the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange traded at 99.77, down 0.50 point from Friday.
Newspaper Article
Offering by Telecom Argentina Meets Strong Reception
The Telecom Argentina offering was the highlight of a session marked by lethargy as participants monitored the standoff between Russian President Boris Yeltsin and his opponents. Underlying European government-bond markets had slipped in early trade but revived as the day wore on, helped by the surrender of Russian rebels late in the European day. The firmer tone inspired a late-day spurt by France Telecom SA, which decided to launch two billion French francs ($352 million) of 13-year notes on the back of the Kingdom of Sweden's successful one billion-franc issue. The bonds came early in the session at an 8 3/8% coupon and a 99.40 reoffer price to offer a yield pickup of 348 basis points above the U.S. Treasury due August 2000. Late Monday, the Telecom Argentina bonds rose to 99.50 bid, 99.75 offer.
Newspaper Article
U.K. Mortgage-Backed Issue Leads Market
The first portion of Class A-1 notes was for #144 million, floating at 20 basis points over three-month London interbank offer rate to interest pay date in October 2000 and thereafter at 70 basis points over three-month Libor. The average life expectancy of the bonds is 1.83 years. (A basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.) The second tranche of Class A-2 notes totals #150 million, floating at 40 basis points over three-month Libor to interest pay date in October 2000 thereafter at 90 basis points over three-month Libor. The average life expectancy is 5.08 years.
Newspaper Article
Argentina Launches Big Euromark Issue; Mark Bonds Extend Fall on Russian Unrest
The Republic of Argentina appeared late in the session with its long-awaited five-year offering, which was given a coupon of 8% and reoffered at a recommended price of 99.15, a spread of 250 basis points over the comparable German government instrument, the Bundesobligation. Late Thursday, the bonds were trading at 99.45 bid and 99.55 offer, to yield about 235 basis points over. CSFB-Effectenbank and Deutsche Bank co-managed the issue. (A basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.)
Newspaper Article
U.S. Rate Concerns Weigh on Eurobonds
The Fed's quarter-point increase to its target rate early last month -- its first increase in nearly five years -- sparked a steady round of losses in world bond markets. In local-currency terms for the year to March 18, U.S. Treasurys yields have lost 2.05%, Bunds retreated 1.79% and French Treasurys are off 2.62%, according to the Salomon Brothers world government bond index. U.K. gilts are the weakest performers, off 5.71%. The issue has an unusually wide reoffer yield of half a point over the three-month London interbank offered rate. The bonds were initially offered to investors at 99.44, and interest floats at 3/8 point above Libor. The notes can be redeemed at the issuer's or bondholders' option at par from March 1999. The Treuhand's 6 1/2% bonds due 2004 slid 0.61 point to 98.74, yielding 6.43%, up nine basis points, or hundredths of a percentage point. The government's 6 1/4% bonds due 2024 traded 1.06 point lower at 91.06, to yield 6.98%, up nine basis points. Among middle maturities, the 5% Treuhand notes due 1999 shed 0.19 point to 97.27, yielding 5.66%, up five basis points.
Newspaper Article
Eurobonds Get Boost From Innovative Deals And Swedish Mortgage Bank's Yen Issue
Meanwhile, Swedish mortgage-lender Statens Bostadsfinansierings launched a 30 billion yen ($276 million) five-year floating rate issue divided into two tranches via joint lead underwriters Daiwa Europe and Fuji International Finance. The issue came against a background of a strengthening yen and volatility in the Japanese government bond market. The one-year issue is for $100 million and the notes are linked to Italian lire interest rates. Interest floats at 4.5 percentage points over the three-month lira London interbank offered rate -- subject to Libor falling within a range of 7.5% to 9% for the first six months and 6.5% to 8.5% for the remaining six-months. The notes were issued at par via Creditanstalt-Bankverein (London Branch). In the cash market, the government's 6% bonds due 2003 edged up 0.32 point at 102.03, pushing the yield down five basis points to 5.71%. The 6 1/4% bonds maturing in 2024 traded 0.43 point higher at 100.27 to yield 6.23%, down three basis points.
Newspaper Article