Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
5,877
result(s) for
"Smith, Kathleen"
Sort by:
A Monument for our Times? Commemorating Victims of Repression in Putin's Russia
Three decades ago, a civic movement arose in the USSR around commemorating Stalin's victims. Yet only in 2017, following President Vladimir Putin's approbation, was a central monument to victims of repression constructed. Analysis of the genesis and results of the design process for the new monument shows that memory discourses in Russia have been harnessed to a form that allows civic activists and state officials to express a limited consensus. The truncated nature of the competition and the jury's safe choice, however, produced a monument unlikely to become a locus for popular or official remembrance.
Journal Article
Moscow 1956 : the silenced spring
Joseph Stalin had been dead for three years when his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, stunned a closed gathering of Communist officials with a litany of his predecessor's abuses. Meant to clear the way for reform from above, Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech' of February 25, 1956, shattered the myth of Stalin's infallibility. In a bid to rejuvenate the Party, Khrushchev had his report read out loud to members across the Soviet Union that spring. However, its message sparked popular demands for more information and greater freedom to debate. This work brings this first brief season of thaw into fresh focus. Drawing on newly declassified Russian archives, the author offers a month-by-month reconstruction of events as the official process of de-Stalinization unfolded and political and cultural experimentation flourished.-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Differential Sensitivity to Central Leptin and Insulin in Male and Female Rats
Differential Sensitivity to Central Leptin and Insulin in Male and Female Rats
Deborah J. Clegg 1 ,
Christine A. Riedy 2 ,
Kathleen A. Blake Smith 1 ,
Stephen C. Benoit 1 and
Stephen C. Woods 1
1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
2 Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Abstract
The distribution of fat in the body differs between the male and female sexes and is associated with the relative secretion
of the two “adiposity” hormones leptin and insulin. We now report that the brains of male and female rats are differentially
sensitive to the catabolic actions of small doses of these two hormones. Leptin (1 or 3.5 μg/2 μl) or saline (2 μl) was administered
into the third cerebral ventricle of age- and weight-matched male and female rats. Leptin significantly reduced food intake
in female and male rats over 4 h; however, leptin reduced 24-h intake in female but not in male rats. When the same rats were
administered insulin (1 or 4 mU/2 μl) or saline (2 μl), male but not female rats had a robust reduction in food intake over
24 h. Previous research demonstrates the melanocortins are a central mediator of the effects of both leptin and insulin. However,
we found no sex differences in sensitivity to the melanocortin agonist MTII (0.01, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 nmol/2 μl). These results
suggest that the sex differences in sensitivity to leptin and insulin at the doses that we injected occur upstream of the
melanocortin receptors. Because insulin and leptin reflect different fat beds and are differentially distributed in the male
and female sexes, the implication is that the male and female sexes regulate adiposity-relevant parameters differently.
Footnotes
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Stephen C. Woods, Box 670559, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559. E-mail: steve.woods{at}psychiatry.uc.edu .
Received for publication 8 July 2002 and accepted in revised form 21 November 2002.
ARC, arcuate nuclei; i3vt, third-cerebral ventricle; POMC, proopiomelanocorticotropin.
DIABETES
Journal Article
“Girl Power”: Gendered Academic and Workplace Experiences of College Women in Engineering
Women in engineering continue to experience bias in the field. This constructivist case study uses feminist theory to examine the gendered experiences of graduating senior women engineering students in academic and workplace environments. In each setting we identified three subthemes; in academia: “I don’t think my education is any different,” “Being underestimated constantly,” and “You don’t want to be seen as getting advantages”; in the workplace: “Oh, you’re a girl,” “There’s a lot of sexism,” and Benefits of “girl power.” Overall, findings indicate that women experience bias in both settings, often via implicit bias in academia and with instances of implicit bias, sexism, and sexual harassment occurring even more often in the workplace through internship experiences. The article concludes with suggestions for practice, future research, and strategies to create supportive academic and workplace experiences and environments for women engineers.
Journal Article
Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS,
n
=60) and healthy controls (
n
=43). Microbiome alterations in MS include increases in
Methanobrevibacter
and
Akkermansia
and decreases in
Butyricimonas
, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling and NF-kB signalling pathways in circulating T cells and monocytes. Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances of
Prevotella
and
Sutterella
, and decreased
Sarcina
, compared with untreated patients. MS patients of a second cohort show elevated breath methane compared with controls, consistent with our observation of increased gut
Methanobrevibacter
in MS in the first cohort. Further study is required to assess whether the observed alterations in the gut microbiome play a role in, or are a consequence of, MS pathogenesis.
The gut microbiome has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here, the authors study the gut microbiome of patients with multiple sclerosis, and find correlations between altered abundance of certain gut microorganisms and changes in expression of immune defence genes.
Journal Article
Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian diversification
Mammals are characterized by the complex adaptations of their dentition, which are an indication that diet has played a critical role in their evolutionary history. Although much attention has focused on diet and the adaptations of specific taxa, the role of diet in large-scale diversification patterns remains unresolved. Contradictory hypotheses have been proposed, making prediction of the expected relationship difficult. We show that net diversification rate (the cumulative effect of speciation and extinction), differs significantly among living mammals, depending upon trophic strategy. Herbivores diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and omnivores are slowest. The tempo of transitions between the trophic strategies is also highly biased: the fastest rates occur into omnivory from herbivory and carnivory and the lowest transition rates are between herbivory and carnivory. Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily through diversification within lineages, whereas omnivore diversity evolved by transitions into the strategy. The ability to specialize and subdivide the trophic niche allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater diversity than omnivores.
Journal Article