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Generalized overview infographic: a customizable library instructional material on the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy
The Generalized Overview of the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy Effective 2023.01.15 (Generalized Overview) is an instructional material that provides a basic, clear, and linear understanding of the NIH policy and its requirements. While not developing or utilizing new technology, the Generalized Overview is innovative and notable for creatively using a freely available graphic design tool to translate government policy language into an accessible and understandable infographic that can disseminate important information about the NIH DMS Policy needed by researchers and by those who support them. Shared via a Creative Commons license, others may fully adapt the infographic or may simply add their own institutional contact information. The Generalized Overview can be used by any who find themselves responsible for publicizing and/or teaching the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy at their respective libraries and institutions. It is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for official guidance from the NIH.
Journal Article
The DMPTool NIH DMSP Templates Project
The DMPTool NIH Data Management and Sharing Plan (DMSP) Templates Project was launched in response to the 2023 NIH Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Policy. This new policy introduced a more structured framework for DMS Plans, featuring six key elements, a departure from the 2003 NIH DMS policy. The project aimed to simplify the process for data librarians, research administrators, and researchers by providing a template with curated guidance, eliminating the need to navigate various policies and guidelines. The template breaks out each Plan section and subsection and provides related guidance and examples at the point of need. This effort has resulted in two NIH DMSP Templates. The first is a generic template (NIH-Default) for all ICs, complying with NOT-OD-21-013 and NOT-OD-22-198. More recently, an NIMH-specific template (NIH-NIMH) was added based on NOT-MH-23-100. As of October 2023, over 5,000 DMS Plans have been written using the main NIH-Default template and the NIH-NIMH alternative template.
Journal Article
Genetic manipulation of cell line derived reticulocytes enables dissection of host malaria invasion requirements
Investigating the role that host erythrocyte proteins play in malaria infection is hampered by the genetic intractability of this anucleate cell. Here we report that reticulocytes derived through in vitro differentiation of an enucleation-competent immortalized erythroblast cell line (BEL-A) support both successful invasion and intracellular development of the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
. Using CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and subsequent complementation, we validate an essential role for the erythrocyte receptor basigin in
P. falciparum
invasion and demonstrate rescue of invasive susceptibility by receptor re-expression. Successful invasion of reticulocytes complemented with a truncated mutant excludes a functional role for the basigin cytoplasmic domain during invasion. Contrastingly, knockout of cyclophilin B, reported to participate in invasion and interact with basigin, did not impact invasive susceptibility of reticulocytes. These data establish the use of reticulocytes derived from immortalized erythroblasts as a powerful model system to explore hypotheses regarding host receptor requirements for
P. falciparum
invasion.
Here, the authors show that reticulocytes derived from immortalized erythroblasts support invasion and development of
Plasmodium falciparum
and use CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and complementation of an invasion receptor to demonstrate utility of this model system for research in malaria invasion.
Journal Article
Follicular lymphoma in the modern era: survival, treatment outcomes, and identification of high-risk subgroups
Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) frequently require multiple treatments during their disease course; however, survival based on lines of treatment remains poorly described in the post-rituximab era. Also, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score was developed to predict survival at diagnosis, yet it remains unknown whether increase in FLIPI score following an initial observation period is associated with less-favorable outcomes. To address these knowledge gaps, we retrospectively studied 1088 patients with FL grade 1–3A managed between 1998 and 2009 at our institution. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line treatment were not reached and 4.73 years, respectively. Following successive lines of treatment, years of median OS and PFS were, respectively: after second-line, 11.7 and 1.5; third-line, 8.8 and 1.1; fourth-line, 5.3 and 0.9; fifth-line, 3.1 and 0.6; sixth-line, 1.9 and 0.5. In initially observed, subsequently treated patients, FLIPI score increase after observation was associated with inferior survival following first-line treatment. The reduced survival we observed after second-line and later therapy supports the development of new treatments for relapsed patients and benchmarks historical targets for clinical endpoints. This study also highlights the utility of changes in FLIPI score at diagnosis and after observation in identifying patients likely to have worse outcomes.
Journal Article
Enhanced‐Efficiency Fertilizer Effects on Cotton Yield and Quality in the Coastal Plains
Interest in the use of enhanced‐efficiency nitrogen fertilizer (EENFs) sources has increased in recent years due to the potential of these new EENF sources to increase crop yield, while at the same time decreasing N loss from agricultural fields. The efficacy of these fertilizer sources on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in southeastern U.S. upland soils has not been well documented. Thus, a field study was conducted on a Coastal Plain soil (Marvyn loamy sand; fine‐loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) in Central Alabama from 2009 to 2011 to compare EENFs to traditional N sources in a high‐residue conservation cotton production system. Nitrogen fertilizer sources evaluated included urea (U), ammonium sulfate (AS), urea‐ammonium sulfate (UAS), Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) (Agrium Advanced Technologies, Loveland, CO), stabilized urea (SuperU [SU] [Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO]), poultry litter (PL), poultry litter + AgrotainPlus (PLA) (KOCH Agronomic Services LLC, Wichita, KS), and an unfertilized control (C). Generally, no significant differences in cotton lint yield were observed between the traditional sources and EENFs. Nitrogen source affected fiber quality; however, effects varied among years and generally would not have impacted discount/premium values. In the present study, EENFs produced cotton lint yields similar to conventional fertilizers, suggesting their higher cost may render them uncompetitive at present. However, if EENFs reduce N loss through leaching, runoff and N2O flux from agricultural fields they could become viable alternative fertilizer sources. More research is needed on the benefits of enhanced‐efficiency fertilizer use as a tool in agricultural production systems.
Journal Article
Landscape Influences on Headwater Streams on Fort Stewart, Georgia, USA
Military landscapes represent a mixture of undisturbed natural ecosystems, developed areas, and lands that support different types and intensities of military training. Research to understand water-quality influences of military landscapes usually involves intensive sampling in a few watersheds. In this study, we developed a survey design of accessible headwater watersheds intended to improve our ability to distinguish land–water relationships in general, and training influences, in particular, on Fort Stewart, GA. We sampled and analyzed water from watershed outlets. We successfully developed correlative models for total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon (OC), and organic nitrogen (ON), which dominated in this blackwater ecosystem. TSS tended to be greater in samples after rainfall and during the growing season, and models that included
%Wetland
suggested a “build-and-flush” relationship. We also detected a positive association between TSS and tank-training, which suggests a need to intercept sediment-laden runoff from training areas. Models for OC showed a negative association with
%Grassland
. TN and ON both showed negative associations with
%Grassland
,
%Wetland
, and
%Forest
. Unexpected positive associations were observed between OC and equipment-training activity and between ON and
%Bare ground
+
Roads
. Future studies that combine our survey-based approach with more intensive monitoring of the timing and intensity of training would be needed to better understand the mechanisms for these empirical relationships involving military training. Looking beyond local effects on Fort Stewart streams, we explore questions about how exports of OC and nitrogen from coastal military installations ultimately influence estuaries downstream.
Journal Article
Understanding the Impact of Forest Treatments on Surface Water Runoff in a Sierra Nevada Watershed
Snow dominated forests serve as source water supplies to much of the western United States. In recent years, these forests have experienced an increase in both drought and wildfire, which threaten critical water supplies. By reducing forest density, forest treatments offer a promising solution to reducing fuel loads and potentially increasing water yield. However, the amount of fuel load reduction necessary to produce a change in water yield is not well-characterized. The objectives of the current study are: 1) parameterize a distributed, integrated hydrologic model to capture a range of fuel treatment scenarios in a heavily forested experimental basin in the Sierra Nevada (Sagehen Creek basin near Truckee, California, USA), and 2) determine the extent (threshold) of forest treatments necessary to produce significant changes in surface runoff – specifically what extent of forest treatment is necessary to increase the average annual runoff by 25%. Using the physically-distributed model, MIKE SHE, ten forest treatment scenarios with varying intensity and area of treatment were simulated for a five-year period. Statistical testing showed that significant change for a 99% confidence interval in runoff occurred for every scenario, and the basin experienced a 25% or more increase in average annual runoff when treating the basin between 40%-60% intensity, or higher. Water yield is highly correlated and dominated by precipitation, however, treatments have a compounding effect over the years and the basin has a more dramatic response to higher treatment intensities. Increasing treatment intensity was more effective at increasing water yield than increasing treatment area. As forest managers implement forest treatments, consideration of the variability in water yield response that could occur is dependent on 1) the degree to which treatments are implemented by either area or intensity, 2) future climate variability including extended periods of drought, and 3) basin storage (groundwater) conditions and how this might buffer disturbance response in the basin.
Dissertation
