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"Smith, Neil"
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Uneven Development
In Uneven Development, a classic in its field, Neil Smith offers the first full theory of uneven geographical development, entwining theories of space and nature with a critique of capitalist development. Featuring pathbreaking analyses of the production of nature and the politics of scale, Smith's work anticipated many of the uneven contours that now mark neoliberal globalization. This third edition features an afterword updating the analysis for the present day.
eBook
Viral Small Interfering RNAs Target Host Genes to Mediate Disease Symptoms in Plants
The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Y-satellite RNA (Y-Sat) has a small non-protein-coding RNA genome that induces yellowing symptoms in infected Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). How this RNA pathogen induces such symptoms has been a longstanding question. We show that the yellowing symptoms are a result of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed RNA silencing of the chlorophyll biosynthetic gene, CHLI. The CHLI mRNA contains a 22-nucleotide (nt) complementary sequence to the Y-Sat genome, and in Y-Sat-infected plants, CHLI expression is dramatically down-regulated. Small RNA sequencing and 5' RACE analyses confirmed that this 22-nt sequence was targeted for mRNA cleavage by Y-Sat-derived siRNAs. Transformation of tobacco with a RNA interference (RNAi) vector targeting CHLI induced Y-Sat-like symptoms. In addition, the symptoms of Y-Sat infection can be completely prevented by transforming tobacco with a silencing-resistant variant of the CHLI gene. These results suggest that siRNA-directed silencing of CHLI is solely responsible for the Y-Sat-induced symptoms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that two Nicotiana species, which do not develop yellowing symptoms upon Y-Sat infection, contain a single nucleotide polymorphism within the siRNA-targeted CHLI sequence. This suggests that the previously observed species specificity of Y-Sat-induced symptoms is due to natural sequence variation in the CHLI gene, preventing CHLI silencing in species with a mismatch to the Y-Sat siRNA. Taken together, these findings provide the first demonstration of small RNA-mediated viral disease symptom production and offer an explanation of the species specificity of the viral disease.
Journal Article
Midnight sun
He calls himself Ulf, and the only thing he's looking for is a place where he won't be found by Oslo's most notorious drug lord: the Fisherman. He was once the Fisherman's fixer, but after betraying him, Ulf is now the one his former boss needs fixed. The locals seem to accept Ulf's explanation that he's come to hunt. And a bereaved, taciturn woman and her curious, talkative young son supply him with food, the use of a cabin deep in the woods, a weapon--and companionship that stirs something in him he thought was long dead.
Book
Associations between home and school neighbourhood food environments and adolescents’ fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: findings from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study
To examine associations between availability of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores in the home and school neighbourhoods, considered separately and together, and adolescents' fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes.
Cross-sectional observational study.
East London, UK.
Adolescents (n 3089; aged 13-15 years) from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) Study self-reported their weekly frequency of fast-food and SSB consumption. We used food business addresses collected from local authority registers to derive absolute (counts) and relative (proportions) exposure measures to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores within 800 m from home, school, and home and school combined. Associations between absolute and relative measures of the food environment and fast-food and SSB intakes were assessed using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors.
Absolute exposure to fast-food restaurants or convenience stores in the home, school, or combined home and school neighbourhoods was not associated with any of the outcomes. High SSB intake was associated with relative exposure to convenience stores in the residential neighbourhood (risk ratio=1·45; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·96) and in the home and school neighbourhoods combined (risk ratio=1·69; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·57).
We found no evidence of an association between absolute exposure to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores around home and school and adolescents' fast-food and SSB intakes. Relative exposure, which measures the local diversity of the neighbourhood food environment, was positively associated with SSB intake. Relative measures of the food environment may better capture the environmental risks for poor diet than absolute measures.
Journal Article
Blood on snow
\"Olav is a fixer for a high-profile crime kingpin in 1970s Oslo. He easily takes care of anyone who causes trouble for his boss. But he is more complicated than he seems. Olav's latest job puts him at the pinnacle of his trade, but it may become his greatest mistake: It turns out that the more you know about your boss's business, the more your boss might want you fixed yourself - especially if you're falling for his wife.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Correction: Endogenous tetrahydrobiopterin in humans: circadian rhythm, sex, race, age, and disease status
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1701617.].
Journal Article
Beartown : a novel
\"From the New York Times bestselling author of A Man Called Ove, My Grandmother Asked Me To Tell You She's Sorry, and Britt-Marie Was Here, comes a poignant, charming novel about a forgotten town fractured by scandal, and the amateur hockey team that might just change everything. Winning a junior ice hockey championship might not mean a lot to the average person, but it means everything to the residents of Beartown, a community slowly being eaten alive by unemployment and the surrounding wilderness. A victory like this would draw national attention to the ailing town: it could attract government funding and an influx of talented athletes who would choose Beartown over the big nearby cities. A victory like this would certainly mean everything to Amat, a short, scrawny teenager who is treated like an outcast everywhere but on the ice; to Kevin, a star player just on the cusp of securing his golden future in the NHL; and to Peter, their dedicated general manager whose own professional hockey career ended in tragedy. At first, it seems like the team might have a shot at fulfilling the dreams of their entire town. But one night at a drunken celebration following a key win, something happens between Kevin and the general manager's daughter--and the next day everything seems to have changed. Accusations are made and, like ripples on a pond, they travel through all of Beartown, leaving no resident unaffected. With so much riding on the success of the team, the line between loyalty and betrayal becomes difficult to discern. At last, it falls to one young man to find the courage to speak the truth that it seems no one else wants to hear. Fredrik Backman knows that we are forever shaped by the places we call home, and in this emotionally powerful, sweetly insightful story, he explores what can happen when we carry the heavy weight of other people's dreams on our shoulders\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Endogenous tetrahydrobiopterin in humans: circadian rhythm, sex, race, age, and disease status
-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH
) is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Exogenous BH
, or its natural precursor sepiapterin, is utilized to treat patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease caused by PAH deficiency. This study aims to investigate correlation of endogenous BH
concentrations with related factors, circadian rhythm, sex, race, age, and disease status.
Predose or placebo treatment blood samples were collected in eight sepiapterin clinical trials from healthy adults and patients of all ages with PKU or primary tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (PBD) to measure plasma BH
concentrations. Graphic visualization, descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance were used to explore the relationship between participant characteristics and BH
concentrations.
In total, 1175 BH
measurements from 236 participants were analyzed, revealing a circadian rhythm of BH
concentration. In healthy adults, BH
had the lowest concentrations between 7:00 and 10:59 (geometric mean 2.06 ng/mL) and the highest between 19:00 and 22:59 (2.72 ng/mL). Asian participants exhibited the highest BH
concentration (2.33 ng/mL), whereas comparable levels were observed in Whites and Blacks or African Americans (2.01 and 2.07 ng/mL, respectively). Endogenous BH
in PBD patients was <0.5 ng/mL, while it was significantly higher in PKU patients (9.63 ng/mL for those >2 years). No age-dependent BH
change was observed in healthy adults and participants with PKU >2 years. BH
concentrations were higher in healthy adult males (2.18 ng/mL) than females (1.95 ng/mL), but not distinguishable between male and female patients with PKU.
Circadian rhythm and significant differences between sexes and races in BH
concentrations were observed in healthy adults. BH
concentrations do not change with age in healthy adults and PKU patients >2 years. BH
concentrations were relatively stable between 7:00 and 10:59, providing a window for measurements with minimal variation. The significant difference in BH
concentrations between patients with PBD, patients with PKU, and healthy adults could be utilized as a diagnostic tool.
Journal Article