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11,969 result(s) for "Snyder, C"
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Increased mitochondrial calcium levels associated with neuronal death in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Mitochondria contribute to shape intraneuronal Ca 2+ signals. Excessive Ca 2+ taken up by mitochondria could lead to cell death. Amyloid beta (Aβ) causes cytosolic Ca 2+ overload, but the effects of Aβ on mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain unclear. Using a ratiometric Ca 2+ indicator targeted to neuronal mitochondria and intravital multiphoton microscopy, we find increased mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels associated with plaque deposition and neuronal death in a transgenic mouse model of cerebral β-amyloidosis. Naturally secreted soluble Aβ applied onto the healthy brain increases Ca 2+ concentration in mitochondria, which is prevented by blockage of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. RNA-sequencing from post-mortem AD human brains shows downregulation in the expression of mitochondrial influx Ca 2+ transporter genes, but upregulation in the genes related to mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux pathways, suggesting a counteracting effect to avoid Ca 2+ overload. We propose lowering neuronal mitochondrial Ca 2+ by inhibiting the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter as a novel potential therapeutic target against AD. Calvo-Rodriguez et al. show elevated calcium levels in neuronal mitochondria in a mouse model of cerebral β-amyloidosis after plaque deposition, which precede rare neuron death events in this model. The mechanism involves toxic extracellular Aβ oligomers and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.
Real-time imaging of mitochondrial redox reveals increased mitochondrial oxidative stress associated with amyloid β aggregates in vivo in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Background Reactive oxidative stress is a critical player in the amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity that contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Damaged mitochondria are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species and accumulate in Aβ plaque-associated dystrophic neurites in the AD brain. Although Aβ causes neuronal mitochondria reactive oxidative stress in vitro, this has never been directly observed in vivo in the living mouse brain. Here, we tested for the first time whether Aβ plaques and soluble Aβ oligomers induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in surrounding neurons in vivo, and whether this neurotoxic effect can be abrogated using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. Methods We expressed a genetically encoded fluorescent ratiometric mitochondria-targeted reporter of oxidative stress in mouse models of the disease and performed intravital multiphoton microscopy of neuronal mitochondria and Aβ plaques. Results For the first time, we demonstrated by direct observation in the living mouse brain exacerbated mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons after both Aβ plaque deposition and direct application of soluble oligomeric Aβ onto the brain, and determined the most likely pathological sequence of events leading to oxidative stress in vivo. Oxidative stress could be inhibited by both blocking calcium influx into mitochondria and treating with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31. Remarkably, the latter ameliorated plaque-associated dystrophic neurites without impacting Aβ plaque burden. Conclusions Considering these results, combination of mitochondria-targeted compounds with other anti-amyloid beta or anti-tau therapies hold promise as neuroprotective drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
Positive psychology : the scientific and practical explorations of human strengths
\"Shane Lopez and Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti offer comprehensive coverage of the science and application of positive psychology and present new frameworks for understanding positive emotions and human strengths. The authors bring positive psychology to life by tackling issues such as how positive psychology can help improve schooling and the workplace, as well as promote cooperative lifestyles among people. Further, the book covers Western and Eastern approaches to understanding human strengths, along with the cultural and developmental influences on positive functioning. The authors also explore various positive conditions such as happiness and well-being, along with other processes related to mindfulness, wisdom, courage, and spirituality\"-- Provided by publisher.
Agronomic and environmental aspects of phosphate fertilizers varying in source and solubility: an update review
This review discusses and summarizes the latest reports regarding the agronomic utilization and potential environmental effects of different types of phosphate (P) fertilizers that vary in solubility. The agronomic effectiveness of P fertilizer can be influenced by the following factors: (1) water and citrate solubility; (2) chemical composition of solid water-soluble P (WSP) fertilizers; (3) fluid and solid forms of WSP fertilizers; and (4) chemical reactions of P fertilizers in soils. Non-conventional P fertilizers are compared with WSP fertilizers in terms of P use efficiency in crop production. Non-conventional P fertilizers include directly applied phosphate rock (PR), partially acidulated PR (PAPR), and compacted mixtures of PR and WSP. The potential impacts of the use of P fertilizers from both conventional (fully acidulated) and non-conventional sources are discussed in terms of (1) contamination of soils and plants with toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), and (2) the contribution of P runoff to eutrophication. Best practices of integrated nutrient management should be implemented when applying P fertilizers to different cropping systems. The ideal management system will use appropriate sources, application rates, timing, and placement in consideration of soil properties. The goal of P fertilizer use should be to optimize crop production without causing environmental problems.
علم النفس الإيجابي : الاستكشافات العلمية والعملية لنقاط القوة البشرية
يتناول الكتاب في جزئه الأول النظر إلى علم النفس من منظور إيجابي-الفصل الأول (مرحبا بك في علم النفس الإيجابي) ونقدم هذا المجال إليكم. في الفصل الثاني نستعرض خلفيات المجال الشرقية والغربية وأفكار حول فرج أسلوبي أنا ونحن. بعد ذلك، في الفصل الثالث (تصنيفات ومقاييس نقاط القوة والمخرجات الإيجابية) نشرح محاولات تصيف الموضوعات المختلفة بالمجال. في الجزء الثاني-علم النفس الإيجابي في السياق-نناقش الحياة الإيجابية. في الفصل الرابع (دور الثقافة في تنمية نقاط القوة والعيش جيدا) نستعرض دور العوامل الثقافة في تحديد ما هو إيجابي وفي الفصل الخامس (العيش جيدا فعند كل مرحلة من الحياة) نتعقب عملية نقاط القوة البشرية. الجزء الثالث-الحالات والعمليات الانفعالية الإيجابية-يتكون من فصلين الفصل السادس-مبادئ المتعة : فهم الوجدان الإيجابي والانفعالاتي الإيجابية والسعادة وحسن الحال-نناقش ما تعلمناه حول الانفعالات والسعادة وفي الفصل السابع-استخلاص أقصى فائدة من الخبرات الانفعالية : التوافق المتمركز حول الانفعال والذكاء الانفعالي والانتقائية الاجتماعية الانفعالية ورواية القصة الانفعالية-نكشف النتائج الأخيرة حول كيف يمكن للانفعالات أن تسهم بشكل إيجابي في التوافق الانفعالي بالحياة. الجزء الرابع- الحالات والعمليات المعرفية الإيجابية-الفصل الثامن (رؤية مستقبلنا عبر فعاليات الذات والتفاؤل والأمل) يغطي الحالات المعرفية والدافعية الإيجابية الأكثر قوة. في الفصل التاسع (الحكمة والشجاعة : خصائص الحكيم والشجاع)، نقدم النتائج حول الناس في أفضل حالاتهم تحت ظروف صعبة أحيانا، الفصل العاشر (يقظة الذهن والتدفق والروحانية : في البحث عن الخبرات الأمثل). الجزء الخامس السلوك النافع للمجتمع. في الفصل الحادي عشر (التقمص الانفعالي والأنانية : أبوب إلى الإيثار والعرفان والغفران) والفصل الثاني عشر التعلق والحب والعلاقات المزدهرة)، في الجزء السادس- فهم وتغيير السلوك البشري-نقدم استبصارا حول تحسين حياة الفرد في الفصل الثالث عشر (التصورات المتوازنة للصحة النفسية والسلوك) والفصل الرابع عشر (الوقاية من السيئ وتعزيز الجيد). في الجزء السابع-البيئات الإيجابية-نصف كيف تعمل المدرسة والعمل (الفصل الخامس عشر) التعليم المدرسي الإيجابي والعمل الجيد : سيكولوجية الوظيفة المربحة والتعليم الذي يوصلنا إلى هناك.
Increasing the Skill of Probabilistic Forecasts: Understanding Performance Improvements from Model-Error Representations
Four model-error schemes for probabilistic forecasts over the contiguous United States with the WRF-ARW mesoscale ensemble system are evaluated in regard to performance. Including a model-error representation leads to significant increases in forecast skill near the surface as measured by the Brier score. Combining multiple model-error schemes results in the best-performing ensemble systems, indicating that current model error is still too complex to be represented by a single scheme alone. To understand the reasons for the improved performance, it is examined whether model-error representations increase skill merely by increasing the reliability and reducing the bias—which could also be achieved by postprocessing—or if they have additional benefits. Removing the bias results overall in the largest skill improvement. Forecasts with model-error schemes continue to have better skill than without, indicating that their benefit goes beyond bias reduction. Decomposing the Brier score into its components reveals that, in addition to the spread-sensitive reliability, the resolution component is significantly improved. This indicates that the benefits of including a model-error representation go beyond increasing reliability. This is further substantiated when all forecasts are calibrated to have similar spread. The calibrated ensembles with model-error schemes consistently outperform the calibrated control ensemble. Including a model-error representation remains beneficial even if the ensemble systems are calibrated and/or debiased. This suggests that the merits of model-error representations go beyond increasing spread and removing the mean error and can account for certain aspects of structural model uncertainty.
أهم خمسة أسئلة لبيتر دراكر : حكمة دائمة للقادة الشباب
كثيرا ما سأل بيتر إف. دراكر الأشخاص الذين عمل معهم سؤالا بسيطا : كيف تريدون أن يتذكركم الناس ؟. وفي معهد فرانسيس هيسبين للقيادة، وافقنا بالإجماع على مدى أهمية أن نلعب دورا في إلهام الجيل التالي من القادة. وفي عام 2009، اشترك معهد هيسبين مع جامعة بيتسبرج في إطلاق مشروع أكاديمية هيسبين العالمية للقيادة الطلابية والمشاركة المدنية، الذي استقطب 300 طالب موهوب من جميع القارات وعرض عليهم أعمال بيتر دراكر وفرانسيس هيسبين. إن الجيل الأصغر سنا في يومنا هذا-المعروف بجيل الألفية أو الجيل واي، المولود في الفترة ما بين عامي 1980 و 2000-ليس هو الجيل الأكبر بعد، ولكنه أكثر الأجيال تعلما وتنوعا ؛ فقد ضخم حجم التكنولوجيا وسهولة السفر حول العالم من أحلامهم بالعديد من الطرق. وجعلتهم حركة شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والإعلام الرقمي، بدءا من القنوات المشفرة التقليدية ووصولا إلى مواقع ألفيس بوك وتويتر متواصلين مع بقية العالم بحيث يمكنهم ارتداء الماركات العالمية وكذلك التفاعل مع القضايا حول العالم بطرق استباقية جديدة. كما طوروا شبكات أصدقاء لم تتضمن الجيران أو رفقاءهم في صفوف الرياضة فقط بل تضمنت أصدقاء من أماكن نائية من العالم. ربما لم يلتقوا بهؤلاء الأصدقاء من قبل وجها لوجه، ولكن التواصل فيما بينهم كان له تأثير كبير على حيواتهم، كما نمى لديهم شعورا بالتعاطف العالمي، ولهذا أنا غالبا ما أشير إلى جيل الألفية بأنه الجيل العالمي الأول.
Power sector investment implications of climate impacts on renewable resources in Latin America and the Caribbean
Climate change mitigation will require substantial investments in renewables. In addition, climate change will affect future renewable supply and hence, power sector investment requirements. We study the implications of climate impacts on renewables for power sector investments under deep decarbonization using a global integrated assessment model. We focus on Latin American and Caribbean, an under-studied region but of great interest due to its strong role in international climate mitigation and vulnerability to climate change. We find that accounting for climate impacts on renewables results in significant additional investments ($12–114 billion by 2100 across Latin American countries) for a region with weak financial infrastructure. We also demonstrate that accounting for climate impacts only on hydropower—a primary focus of previous studies—significantly underestimates cumulative investments, particularly in scenarios with high intermittent renewable deployment. Our study underscores the importance of comprehensive analyses of climate impacts on renewables for improved energy planning. Substantial investment will be required in renewables to implement climate change mitigation. Here, the authors focus on Latin America and the Caribbean and find that climate impacts on renewables would result in additional investments $12-114 billion by 2100.