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Current issues of non-bank lending by financial companies and the vision of the future regulation of their activities outline in detail the developments set out in this article. Changes in the volume of lending in the non-banking financial market are analyzed. The analysis of the concentration level of loans by the amount of concluded agreements is carried out. The future vision and mission of the financial sector of the economy are formed. Criteria for assessing the required degree of supervision of a credit company are defined. In the study, we used general and specific economic methods, as well as a basic research approach, which allowed us to determine the economic nature of the financial sector and the scope of lending to agricultural enterprises.The goals of realization of an economic growth strategy for the perspective period for the achievement of the European standards in the financial market are offered. Financial support for current activities and promising economic development in Ukraine still remains a significant problem. Expanding access to financial resources of agricultural entities may be one of the factors for the development of Ukraine’s economy. The main goal of the National Bank is to introduce a risk-oriented approach in the licensing and supervision procedures of the non-bank lending market, which will allow it to develop and ensure compliance with the rights and interests of customers. It is proposed to maintain the procedure for agreeing significant participation for financial companies as a key element in verifying the transparency of ownership structures and the impeccable business reputation of owners. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is represented by a set of theoretical and practical aspects of the study, namely proposals for the current state of lending and recommendations for supervision in the financial market of Ukraine. Keywords: lending, financial sector, financial sector regulators, non-bank lending, stabilization. JEL Classification G19 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 15.

The situation on the market of bank crediting of agricultural enterprises is analysed. Have been identified the key reasons for the low efficiency of the current mechanism of lending by banks to the agro-industrial sector. The key shortcomings in the system of financing the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are revealed. The investment attractiveness in Ukraine is considered and specified in the dynamics by regions. The volumes of financing the activity of agro-industrial enterprises in Ukraine by sources of income are analysed. It is proved that effective financing opens wide opportunities for the development of enterprises in the agricultural sector. In the study general and specific economic methods, as well as a basic research approach, which allowed us to determine the economic nature of the financial sector and the scope of financing of agricultural enterprises are used. The financial instruments of the agricultural enterprise use of which will promote the achievement of the European standards are offered. Scientifically substantiated recommendations on the directions of application in Ukraine of the international experience of stimulation of the financial activity of subjects of the agro-industrial complex are entered. In developed countries, a rich arsenal of support tools is used to support financial activities in the agro-industrial complex. A list of the most common tools for such support used in developed countries is given. It is noted that the solution of problems of financial support for the development of the agro-industrial complex should be carried out on the basis of studying, generalizing, and taking into account the best international experience. The world experience of financing the agricultural sector of the economy and the peculiarities of the distribution of state subventions for the development of agricultural production are studied. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is represented by a set of theoretical and practical aspects of the study, namely proposals for the current state of lending to agriculture and recommendations for the use of new financial instruments in the context of the implementation of international experience. Keywords: crediting, financial sector, agro-industrial complex, international experience. JEL Classification Q14 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 16.

The experience of European countries in terms of a perfect budget process and high financial discipline is important in the presence of a set of problems in the process of decentralization, which must be taken into account and eliminated in advance. This article examines the scientific and applied aspects of decentralization, analyzing the experience of European countries and outlines methodological approaches to assessing the development of local communities in modern conditions. Important aspects are outlined and the advantages and disadvantages of the impact of financial decentralization on the processes of effective development at the local level are systematized. Emphasis is placed on the need for a comprehensive reform of local self-government, which will primarily include a reform that will relate to the administrative-territorial system and the redistribution of powers and resources between different levels of government. Guidelines for the development of local budgets in the main are as have been identified. A conceptual model of territorial community development in the conditions of financial decentralization is proposed, which provides for an effective combination of budget potential, potential of economic entities, households and financial institutions and their interaction. The structure of budget revenues in European countries is analyzed. The focus is on the level of subsidies with in-depth analysis. A method of monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of administrative and financial decentralization in terms of determining the financial capacity of the united territorial communities has been developed. It is noted that the solution of the problems of financial decentralization should be carried out on the basis of studying, generalizing and taking into account the best international experience. The world experience in the structure of local budget revenues in European countries is studied. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is represented by a set of theoretical and practical aspects of the study, namely proposals on the current state of the main activities of local governments to enhance entrepreneurship in the community in the context of implementation of international experience. Keywords: territorial community, financial decentralization, financial resources, local budget, tax revenues, subsidies, resource potential. JEL Classification J11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 6; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 19.

The article is to disclosure of methods for determining the scoring of credit risk of banks on the basis of calculation of integral index. There is carried out practical testing of scientific methodology: based on indicators of financial reporting of major banks of Ukraine there is clearly explained the essence of the proposed toolkit to calculate the integral index of bank credit risk on the basis of scoring. The results of these calculations can be used to prevent the probability of credit risk and to strengthen the position of banks in the group of competitors. There are proved that banks lending to agricultural companies often fall into the category of risky creditors. There is analyzed the dominant paradigms and made adjustments to the credit banking policy to reduce credit risk. There is analyzed the current state of the market of bank lending and uncovered steps to monitor credit risk in a bank using the methods of integral index and forming flowchart calculation.

Due to the lack of liquid assets in agrarian enterprises, the lack of adequate financial support from the state, the modern optimal lending tool for agricultural sector entities is the use of agrarian receipts. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the use of agrarian receipts as an alternative form of lending to agrarian enterprises. The factors hindering the development of agrarian business in Ukraine are analyzed. A comparison of agrarian receipts with other types of financial instruments was conducted. The advantages and risks of introducing agrarian receipts for participants of the domestic agricultural market are revealed. The algorithm of protection of the creditor in the use of agrarian receipts is presented. The process of bank lending for the future crop is considered. The level of practical use of agrarian receipts in some regions of Ukraine is estimated. The mechanism of practical application of agrarian receipts is substantiated. The use of agrarian receipts allows agribusinesses to reduce their dependence on banking and state financing, as well as promote long-term financial planning of the production process.

Liver transplant (LT) patients face various challenges, including an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) for a variety of reasons, with 70% of LT recipients having one cardiovascular event. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the most commonly performed major surgical procedures in the United States, with 20-30% of LT patients requiring a CABG. Many studies have analyzed when to perform a CABG and CAD workup pre-LT, but this population remains a problem. The patient population is challenging to study due to their rarity and complexity. Our study aimed to compile many patients through the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to gauge the outcomes of CABG in patients with and without a history of LT.  Methods: Patients who underwent CABG with or without a history of LT were selected from the NIS from 2008 to 2020. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 codes were used to identify suitable records. Primary outcomes of interest were all-cause hospital mortality, shock, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury (AKI), and a composite of these. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and total charges.  Results: A weighted total of 2,407,349 CABG hospitalizations were included in this study. Of these, 1,833 had a history of LT. Overall, patients with a history of LT were more likely to be younger (65.16 vs. 66.16; p<0.001), male (81.6% vs. 73.66%; p<0.001), and more complex (Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 5.89 vs. 4.16; p<0.001) than patients without a history of LT. Patients with a history of LT also had higher rates of diabetes mellitus type 2 (57.02% vs. 43.39%; p<0.001), end-stage renal disease (11.21% vs. 2.95%; p<0.001), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (28.39% vs. 21.26%; p<0.001). CABG patients with a history of LT were less likely, however, to have hyperlipidemia (56.72% vs. 74.26%; p<0.001), hypertension (25.95% vs. 58.45%; p<0.001), obesity (19% vs. 23.42%; p=0.046), a history of smoking (12.06% vs. 18.66%; p<0.01), or alcohol use disorder (9.04% vs. 13.44%; p=0.017). We found that patients admitted for CABG with a history of LT had significantly higher adjusted odds of mortality (OR 1.84; p<0.01), AKI (OR 2.65; p<0.001), and composite outcome (OR 2.04; p<0.001). They also experienced a longer length of stay (1.7 days; p=0.02) and greater hospital charges ($26,761; p=0.029). We found that CABG patients with a history of LT had nearly twofold higher odds of mortality, nearly threefold higher odds of AKI, and twofold higher odds of composite outcomes than CABG patients without LT. This corresponded to longer lengths of stay and increased hospital charges. Patients should require lower thresholds for left heart catheterization and more strict CAD testing before an LT due to the increased risk of adverse outcomes with the current standard of care.