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The aim of this study was to determine the dose-response relationship for losartan, 2.5 to 100 mg, and to assess the safety and tolerability of losartan in hypertensive children 6 to 16 years of age. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-response study. In Period 1, a total of 175 patients were stratified by weight (<50 kg and ≥50 kg) and randomized to one of three dose groups by stratum (low, 2.5/5.0 mg; middle, 25/50 mg; or high, 50/100 mg) for 3 weeks. The ratio of the three dose levels for both weight strata was 1:10:20. In Period 2, patients in each dose group were randomized to continue the same treatment or placebo washout for 2 additional weeks. In Period 1, sitting trough diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased in a dose-dependent manner ( P < .0001). At week 3, changes in DBP from baseline in the low-, middle-, and high-dose groups were −6.0 mm Hg, −11.7 mm Hg, and −12.2 mm Hg, respectively. In Period 2, DBP increased significantly in patients who switched from middle- and high-dose losartan to placebo (mean increase 6.0 mm Hg, P = .003) relative to DBP in patients who remained on active treatment; however, these levels remained stable in those patients who switched from low-dose losartan to placebo (mean increase 1.1 mm Hg, P = .628). In hypertensive children 6 to 16 years of age, losartan given once daily reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent fashion. A once-daily starting dose of losartan, 0.75 mg/kg (maximum 50 mg) effectively lowered DBP within 3 weeks. Losartan up to a dosage of 1.44 mg/kg (maximum 100 mg) once daily is generally well tolerated.

A bstract Using data samples of 983.0 fb − 1 and 427.9 fb − 1 accumulated with the Belle and Belle II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays Ξ c + → p K S 0 , Ξ c + → Λ π + , and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of Ξ c + → p K S 0 , Ξ c + → Λ π + , and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + relative to that of Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + are measured to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.47 ± 0.16 ± 0.07 % , B Ξ c + → Λ π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 1.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.09 % , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 4.13 ± 0.26 ± 0.22 % . Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel, B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.9 ± 1.3 % , the absolute branching fractions are determined to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 = 7.16 ± 0.46 ± 0.20 ± 3.21 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Λ π + = 4.52 ± 0.41 ± 0.26 ± 2.03 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + = 1.20 ± 0.08 ± 0.07 ± 0.54 × 10 − 3 . The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + .

This article defines national security and environmental quality, points to the developing connection between the two, and uses the case of Israel to illustrate this link. The following matters have to be learned about national security as well as world security – rainfall and water table levels as predictors of famine and the collapse of governments, or the spread of the Sahara Desert as a predictor that ethnic strife will result. Failure to halt the deterioration of ecological systems threatens national security and human survival as a whole. There are disasters that are immediate, but most of them do not constitute a threat to the national security of states, the exceptions are nuclear threat as in the Chernobyl case, or droughts and flooding. There are disasters that are felt only in the medium term, like climatic changes and they can endanger entire states, thus weakening national security.

A bstract We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in decays using a data set of 365 fb − 1 recorded by the Belle II experiment and the final data set of 711 fb − 1 recorded by the Belle experiment at the Υ(4S) resonance. The direct and mixing-induced time-dependent CP violation parameters C and S are determined along with two additional quantities, S + and S − , defined in the two halves of the plane. The measured values are C = − 0 . 17 ± 0 . 09 ± 0 . 04, S = − 0 . 29 ± 0 . 11 ± 0 . 05, S + = −0 . 57 ± 0 . 23 ± 0 . 10 and S − = 0 . 31 ± 0 . 24 ± 0 . 05, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

We perform the first search for CP violation in$$ {D}_{(s)}^{+}\\to {K}_S^0{K}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$D s + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays. We use a combined data set from the Belle and Belle II experiments, which study e + e − collisions at center-of-mass energies at or near the Υ(4 S ) resonance. We use 980 fb − 1 of data from Belle and 428 fb − 1 of data from Belle II. We measure six CP -violating asymmetries that are based on triple products and quadruple products of the momenta of final-state particles, and also the particles’ helicity angles. We obtain a precision at the level of 0.5% for$$ {D}^{+}\\to {K}_S^0{K}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$D + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays, and better than 0.3% for$$ {D}_s^{+}\\to {K}_S^0{K}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$D s + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays. No evidence of CP violation is found. Our results for the triple-product asymmetries are the most precise to date for singly-Cabibbo-suppressed D + decays. Our results for the other asymmetries are the first such measurements performed for charm decays.

A bstract We perform the first search for CP violation in D s + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays. We use a combined data set from the Belle and Belle II experiments, which study e + e − collisions at center-of-mass energies at or near the Υ(4 S ) resonance. We use 980 fb − 1 of data from Belle and 428 fb − 1 of data from Belle II. We measure six CP -violating asymmetries that are based on triple products and quadruple products of the momenta of final-state particles, and also the particles’ helicity angles. We obtain a precision at the level of 0.5% for D + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays, and better than 0.3% for D s + → K S 0 K − π + π + decays. No evidence of CP violation is found. Our results for the triple-product asymmetries are the most precise to date for singly-Cabibbo-suppressed D + decays. Our results for the other asymmetries are the first such measurements performed for charm decays.

Using data samples of 983.0 fb − 1 and 427.9 fb − 1 accumulated with the Belle and Belle II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$Ξ c + → p K S 0 ,$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Λ π + , and$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$Ξ c + → p K S 0 ,$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Λ π + , and$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + relative to that of$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + are measured to be$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(2.47\\pm 0.16\\pm 0.07\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(1.56\\pm 0.14\\pm 0.09\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(4.13\\pm 0.26\\pm 0.22\\right)\\%.\\end{array}} $$B Ξ c + → p K S 0 B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.47 ± 0.16 ± 0.07 % , B Ξ c + → Λ π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 1.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.09 % , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 4.13 ± 0.26 ± 0.22 % . Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel,$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(2.9\\pm 1.3\\right)\\% $$B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.9 ± 1.3 % , the absolute branching fractions are determined to be$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)=\\left(7.16\\pm 0.46\\pm 0.20\\pm 3.21\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(4.52\\pm 0.41\\pm 0.26\\pm 2.03\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(1.20\\pm 0.08\\pm 0.07\\pm 0.54\\right)\\times {10}^{-3}.\\end{array}} $$B Ξ c + → p K S 0 = 7.16 ± 0.46 ± 0.20 ± 3.21 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Λ π + = 4.52 ± 0.41 ± 0.26 ± 2.03 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + = 1.20 ± 0.08 ± 0.07 ± 0.54 × 10 − 3 . The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right) $$B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + .

Because patients with hypertension may require >1 antihypertensive agent to control blood pressure (BP), physicians often prescribe a fixed combination of antihypertensive medications. This study evaluated the effect of adding low-dose hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (HCTZ12.5) to high-dose losartan 100 mg (L100) in patients with hypertension whose BP was inadequately controlled with L100 monotherapy. Enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, filter study were patients aged ≥18 years with a mean trough sitting diastolic BP (SiDBP) of 95 to 120 mm Hg. Patients were treated with L100 QD for 4 weeks. Patients who did not achieve adequate BP control were randomly assigned to receive L100/HCTZ12.5 or L100 QD for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the mean change in trough SiDBP from baseline in the 2 groups. Responders were defined as patients with a mean trough SiDBP of <90 mm Hg or patients who had a ≥10-mm Hg decrease in mean trough SiDBP Demographic characteristics were similar between treatment groups. The patients randomized to the double-blind treatment period were mostly white (65.1%) and male (57.5%), with a mean age of 53.8 years. The mean (SD) duration of hypertension at baseline was 9.7 (8.5) years. The proportion of patients previously treated with antihypertensive therapy was 76.7%. Of the 367 patients enrolled in the L100 filter period, 292 patients had BP inadequately controlled with L100 monotherapy and were randomized to receive L100 (n = 145) or L100/HCTZ12.5 (n = 147). At week 6 after randomization, mean trough SiDBP was significantly lower in the L100/HCTZ12.5 group than in the L100 group (−8.3 vs -5.2, respectively; P < 0.001). The between-group difference was -3.0 mm Hg (95 % CI, −4.6 to −1.40; P < 0.001), and the proportion of responders was significantly greater in the L100/HCTZ12.5 group than in the L100 group (63.0% vs 44.4%; P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) occurring in >2% of patients during the double-blind period was similar for both groups. AEs occurring in the L100 group and the L100/HCTZ12.5 group included respiratory tract infection (6.2% vs 3.4%, respectively), dizziness (2.1% vs 0.7%), and headache (0.7% vs 3.4%). After 6 weeks of therapy, L100/HCTZ12.5 was associated with greater antihypertensive efficacy than L100, as measured by the change in mean trough SiDBP The percentage of responders was significantly greater in the L100/HCTZ12.5 group than in the L100 group.

We present a measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle angle φ3 (also known as γ) using a model-independent Dalitz plot analysis of B+ → D( K_(S)⁰ h+h–)h+, where D is either a Do or Do¯ meson and h is either a π or K. This is the first measurement that simultaneously uses Belle and Belle II data, combining samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 711 fb–1 and 128 fb–1, respectively. All data were accumulated from energy-asymmetric e+e– collisions at a centre-of-mass energy corresponding to the mass of the Υ(4S) resonance. We measure φ3 = (78.4 ± 11.4 ± 0.5 ± 1.0)°, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is from the uncertainties on external measurements of the D-decay strong-phase parameters.

We present a measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle angle φ3 (also known as γ) using a model-independent Dalitz plot analysis of B+ → D( K_(S)⁰ h+h–)h+, where D is either a Do or Do¯ meson and h is either a π or K. This is the first measurement that simultaneously uses Belle and Belle II data, combining samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 711 fb–1 and 128 fb–1, respectively. All data were accumulated from energy-asymmetric e+e– collisions at a centre-of-mass energy corresponding to the mass of the Υ(4S) resonance. We measure φ3 = (78.4 ± 11.4 ± 0.5 ± 1.0)°, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is from the uncertainties on external measurements of the D-decay strong-phase parameters.