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Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) prepared by the methods of “green” bionanotechnological synthesis is considered a promising food additive and food ingredient. At the same time, the risk of reducing the bioavailability of minerals due to their adsorption on BNC fibers having a high specific surface area and high adsorption and ion exchange capacity cannot be excluded. We studied the effect of oral administration of BNC on the accumulation of macronutrients and trace elements included in the diet in the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals. Male Wistar rats received BNC at doses of 0 (control), 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight as part of their diet for 8 weeks. The content of 30 macronutrients and trace elements in the liver and kidneys was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that BNC at all doses did not significantly change the content of the main essential macronutrients and trace elements in the organs (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se, and Zn), which indicates the absence of a negative effect on their bioavailability. Among other elements, a statistically significant decrease in the content of As, B, Cd, Co, and Pb in the liver and an increase in Al, B, Ba, Ni, and Pb in the kidneys were revealed (more than 20% of the control). The revealed decrease in the bioaccumulation of cobalt can indicate inhibition of assimilation of certain chemical forms of this trace element under the action of BNC.

AbstractIn this paper, the authors synthesize and study the phase formation of yttrium–iron garnet (YIG) using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation technique (SAS) at the initial stage for the first time. The effect of supercritical CO2 on the solution of acetates in the quasi-equilibrium state causes an abnormally high mobility of the structure’s elements. As a result, it becomes possible to form the equilibrium phase of the YIG solid product directly (without the appearance of transition oxides) at temperatures much lower than by solid-phase synthesis. The temperature decrease is due to a significant decrease in the activation energy of the solid solution.

This article is devoted to the simulation of the processes of formation of dust clouds in the absence of gravitation, which is necessary for understanding the processes proceeding in dust clusters in outer space, upper planetary atmosphere, and on the surface of space objects, as well as for evaluating the possibilities of creating disperse structures with given properties. The chief aim of the simulation is to determine the general laws of the dynamics of the dust cloud at the initial stage of its formation. With the use of the original approach based on the particle-in-cell method that permits investigating the mechanics of large ensembles of particles on contemporary computational platforms, we consider the mechanics of a dusty medium in the process of its excitation in a closed container due to the vibration of the walls, and then in the process of particle scattering when the container opens in outer space. The main formation mechanisms of a dust formation have been elucidated, and the possibilities of mathematical simulation for predicting spatial and time characteristics of disperse structures have been shown.

Based on the substituted derivative of the decahydro- closo -decaborate anion (Ph 4 P) 2 [B 10 H 9 O(CH 2 ) 5 COOH] obtained by opening the tetrahydropyran substituent in the anion [B 10 H 9 O(CH 2 ) 5 ] – , compounds of the general formula Na 2 [B 10 H 9 O(CH 2 ) 6 C(O)X], where X = Trp-OMe ( 1 ), His-OMe ( 2 ), Met-OMe ( 3 ), Pld-OMe ( 4 ), containing various amino acid substituents attached to the pendant carboxyl group, were synthesized. The compounds were isolated as sodium salts. The residues of L-tryptophan (Na 2 1 ) and L-histidine (Na 2 2 ) contained aromatic heterocyclic groups indole and imidazole, respectively, as a side group. In turn, compounds Na 2 3 and Na 2 4 contained substituted alkanes as a side group: L-methionine (Na 2 3 ) contained a methyl ethyl sulfide group, and compound Na 2 4 contained the residue of an aliphatic synthetic amino acid, in which the side group was represented by γ-butyrolactam (2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl) (Pld-OMe). Compounds Na 2 1 and Na 2 2 were found to exhibit dose-dependent antiviral activity against the influenza virus strain A/IIV-Orenburg/83/2012(H1N1)pdm09 in vitro. IC 50 for compound Na 2 1 was found to be 5.0 μg/mL, and for compound Na 2 2 it was found to be 10.0 μg/mL. Molecular docking of the M2 protein pore and ligands 1 and 2 was performed. It was found that the most probable arrangement of molecules in the pore of the M2 channel is associated with the location of the heterocycle inside the pore of the M2 channel in the region of the residues His37–Trp41, with the arrangement being more favorable for 1 rather than for 2 . This fact explains some difference in the concentrations of suppression of viral reproduction for Na 2 1 and Na 2 2 . For compounds Na 2 3 and Na 2 4 , antiviral activity was not detected.

In this study, the formation solid solutions of titanium dioxide- zirconium dioxide (TiO2-ZrO2) system with the supercritical fluid method is described. The particles of solid solutions in the TiO2-ZrO2 system are spherical and form agglomerates, they are amorphous and have a size from 90 to 850 nm. The X-ray patterns of samples calcined above the temperatures of crystallization (450 °C) and phase transition (750 °C) demonstrate the decomposition of the solid solutions above the crystallization temperature and formation of phases in accordance with phase ratios in the TiO2-ZrO2 system at these temperatures. The formation solid solutions of the starting materials are observed in all region of concentrations.

The numerical experiment is used to investigate the formation of a steady axisymmetric circulation zone in a supersonic underexpanded jet due to placing a cylindrical central finite- length body coaxial with the nozzle within the jet. The possibility of the formation of a circulation flow zone, either attached to the central body base or submerging in the jet, is shown on a certain range of the exit-to-ambient pressure ratios. The influence of the mode of attaining a given jet flow regime on the formation and the domain of existence for one or another circulation zone is studied in detail and the possible mechanism of their formation is discussed.

Seven copper(II) bis-chelates derived from novel sterically hindered ligands — methoxy-β-diketones

Subfractional spectrum of plasma low-density lipoproteins in people with normal body weight and patient with obesity was studied by gradient electrophoresis (3-12%) in polyacrylamide gel. Low-density lipoprotein subfractions in fasting patients with abdominal and gluteofemoral obesity were primarily presented by small particles (compared to people with normal body weight). The composition of low-density lipoprotein subfractions underwent most pronounced changes in patients with abdominal obesity after single fat load.

A new tetraketone ligand with two separated β-diketone functions was prepared, 1,3-[CO-CH2-COC(CH3)2OCH3]2Ph (H2LiPrOMe). The title coordination polymer, [Zn2(LiPrOMe)2(DMSO)2(bipy)]n (DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide; bipy = 4,4′-bipyridyl), formed as the only crystalline product upon interaction of Zn(II) acetate, H2LiPrOMe and bipy in 1:1:1 to 1:1:5 molar ratios in DMSO as a solvent. A single crystal XRD study of the compound revealed a staircase polymeric architecture of the complex. The architecture is based on binuclear ′Zn2(LiPrOMe)2′ platforms where each Zn(II) cation is chelated by two β-diketonate groups of two LiPrOMe ligands in the equatorial plane, while each LiPrOMe ligand chelates two Zn(II) cations. The coordination environment of each Zn(II) is completed to a distorted octahedron by an O atom of a terminal DMSO and an N atom of bridging bipy ligands. The resulting staircase polymeric ribbons are packed in a self-inclusion mode as would be expected for van der Waals interactions. Most fragments of the molecule were found to be disordered over two equally populated orientations, which was interpreted as evidence of a modulated structure. In addition, several fragments reveal additional minor disordering and high thermal motion.

The rate of glucose oxidation was studied by measurement of the 13C concentration in expired air with simultaneous detection of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in subjects with obesity and patients with type II diabetes. Intake of small amounts of glucose did not change the rate of glucose oxidation in subjects with obesity as compared to healthy controls. However, intake of large amounts of glucose resulted in a considerable increase in the rate of glucose oxidation without a hypoxic shift. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the rate of glucose oxidation decreased with increasing tissue hypoxia.