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"Solway, Andrew"
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Dietary reversal of neuropathy in a murine model of prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome
Patients with the metabolic syndrome, defined as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), can develop the same macro- and microvascular complications as patients with type 2 diabetes, including peripheral neuropathy. In type 2 diabetes, glycemic control has little effect on the development and progression of peripheral neuropathy, suggesting that other metabolic syndrome components may contribute to the presence of neuropathy. A parallel phenomenon is observed in patients with prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome, where improvement in weight and dyslipidemia more closely correlates with restoration of nerve function than improvement in glycemic status. The goal of the current study was to develop a murine model that resembles the human condition. We examined longitudinal parameters of the metabolic syndrome and neuropathy development in six mouse strains/genotypes (BKS-wt, BKS-Leprdb/+, B6-wt, B6-Leprdb/+, BTBR-wt, and BTBR-Lepob/+) fed a 54% high-fat diet (HFD; from lard). All HFD-fed mice developed large fiber neuropathy and IGT. Changes appeared early and consistently in B6-wt mice, and paralleled the onset of neuropathy. Terminally, B6-wt mice displayed all components of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, IGT, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Dietary reversal, whereby B6-wt mice fed HFD from 4-20 weeks of age were switched to standard chow for 4 weeks, completely normalized neuropathy, promoted weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity, and restored LDL-cholesterol and oxLDL by 50% compared to HFD control mice. This dietary reversal model provides the basis for mechanistic studies investigating peripheral nerve damage in the setting of the metabolic syndrome, and ultimately the development of mechanism-based therapies for neuropathy.
Journal Article
Civil engineering and the science of structures
Gives readers an up-close look at the technology used to build various structures around the world, including the ancient pyramids, the Eiffel Tower, the Golden Gate Bridge, and modern skyscrapers.
Book
Diaghilev, Serge (31 March 1872)
(b. Selitschev Barracks, Novgorod, Russia, 31 March 1872; d. Venice, 19 Aug. 1929)
Impresario, founder
Reference
Food chains and webs
Takes a look at the feeding relationships of different types of organisms, from producers to consumers.
Book
Rogers, Ginger (16 July 1911)
(b. Independence, Mo., 16 July 1911; d. Rancho Mirage, Cal., 25 April 1995)
Actor, comedian
Reference
Why is there life on Earth?
Looks at what characteristics make Earth able to support life and determines that a wider range of conditions are survivable than once thought.
Book
Jaques-Dalcroze Dalkes, Emile (6 July 1865)
(b. Vienna, 6 July 1865; d. Geneva, 1 July 1950)
Music teacher and theoretician. Jaques-Dalcroze
Reference
Theatre de Complicite
British-based theatre company, formed in 1983, characterized by collective improvisation and a strong physical and comic emphasis. Their work
Reference