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"Solymar, L. (Laszlo)"
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Getting the message : a history of communications
The past century has seen developments in communications technology probably unrivalled in any other field of human activity. Significant advances are made every year, and both our work and leisure activities are critically influenced by these developments. Getting the message explores the fascinating history of communications, starting with ancient civilisations, the Greeks and Romans, then leading through the development of the electric telegraph, and up to the present day with email and cellular phones. The technology is explained in a particularly simple and accessible way, and themes from politics, economics, and society weave in and out of the scientific ideas. The book concludes with a look at the possible future of communications, the new developments to come, and the implications these will have for our everyday lives. Lavishly illustrated, and including many original illustrations that show just how these new developments were received in their time, the book presents an informative and highly entertaining introduction to the field of communications.
eBook
Electrical properties of materials
An informal and highly accessible writing style, a simple treatment of mathematics, and clear guide to applications, have made this book a classic text in electrical and electronic engineering. Students will find it both readable and comprehensive. The fundamental ideas relevant to the understanding of the electrical properties of materials are emphasized; in addition, topics are selected in order to explain the operation of devices having applications (or possible futureapplications) in engineering.The mathematics, kept deliberately to a minimum, is well within the grasp of a second-year student. This is achieved by choosing the simplest model that can display the essential properties of a phenomenom, and then examining the difference between the ideal and the actual behaviour.The whole text is designed as an undergraduate course. However most individual sections are self contained and can be used as background reading in graduate courses, and for interested persons who want to explore advances in microelectronics, lasers, nanotechnology and several other topics that impinge on modern life.
eBook
Waves in Metamaterials
Metamaterials is a young subject born in the 21st century. It is concerned with artificial materials which can have electrical and magnetic properties difficult or impossible to find in nature. The building blocks in most cases are resonant elements much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of research in this field at a level that should appeal to final year undergraduates in physics or in electrical and electronic engineering. The mathematics is kept at a minimum; the aim is to explain the physics in simple terms and enumerate the major advances. It can be profitably read by graduate and post-graduate students in order to find out what has been done in the field outside their speciality, and by experts who may gain new insight about the inter-relationship of the physical phenomena involved.
eBook
Bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after modified Fontan operations
The development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is a well-known complication after Fontan operations, and may result in significant morbidity due to increasing arterial desaturation. We compared the use of bubble contrast echocardiography and pulmonary angiography in detecting such malformations. We also examined which anatomical and haemodynamic variables were associated with their development. Our study includes 20 patients who had undergone modified Fontan procedures, 10 with atriopulmonary and 10 with total cavopulmonary connections, in Gothenburg between 1980 and 1991. All patients underwent cardiac catheterisation and pulmonary angiography. Bubble contrast echocardiography was performed at the same time, with injection of agitated polygelin colloid solution (Haemaccel, Hoechst) into the right and left pulmonary arteries, respectively. Transoesophageal echocardiography was used to detect the appearance of bubble contrast in the pulmonary venous atrium. The aim was also to evaluate the role of hepatic venous blood. Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) had a positive contrast echocardiography study, compared with only 2 (10%) detected by pulmonary angiography. Patients with positive contrast echocardiography had a significantly lower arterial oxygen saturation than those with negative studies, both at rest (88% vs 95%, p < 0.01) and during exercise testing (78% vs 89%, p = 0.01). Bubble contrast echocardiography is much more sensitive in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous malformations than pulmonary angiography. By injecting echo contrast into the right and left pulmonary arteries, the method can be made highly selective. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations develop much more frequently in patients with the Fontan circulation than previously reported.
Journal Article
A generalized coupled wave theory of volume diffraction in two dimensions
A coupled wave theory of scalar volume diffraction by two-dimensional transmission gratings is formulated in terms of the Fourier spectrum. The restrictions of existing theories that neglect Fresnel diffraction, spurious diffracted waves or higher order diffraction are avoided; gratings of general form are permitted. Its application to holographic gratings allows general beams during recording and replay. Comparison is made between existing theories and the discrete form of this generalized formulation. Numerical simulations have been made for many cases that cannot be satisfactorily treated by other methods. Calculations of real image fields are presented, including the foci of holographic lenses and the images of scattering objects.
Journal Article