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In this work, we calculate the magnetic moments of the P ψ N 0 states and P ψ Δ 0 states with valence quark content c ¯ c u d d in molecular model, diquark–diquark–antiquark model and diquark–triquark model, as well as the transition magnetic moments in the molecular model. At the same time, we also calculate magnetic moments and transition magnetic moments of P ψ Δ + + states and P ψ Δ - states in the molecular model as additional products. Our results show that in the diquark–diquark–antiquark model, the magnetic moments of λ excitation state are usually larger than the magnetic moments of ρ excitation state. We find some interesting proportional relationships between the expressions of transition magnetic moments. The results provide important insights for future experimental observation of hidden-charm pentaquark states and help to distinguish their inner structures. With these efforts, our understanding of the properties for the hidden-charm pentaquark states will become more abundant.

A bstract The LHCb Collaboration has observed two types of hidden-charm pentaquark states P ψ N and P ψs Λ since 2015. In this work, we predict two other types of hidden-charm pentaquark states P ψs Σ (4367) and P ψss N (4379) within the framework of heavy pentaquark chiral perturbation theory. We suggest the LHCb Collaboration to observe P ψss N (4379) 0 and P ψss N (4379) − with J P = 1 2 − in the J / ψ Ξ spectrum through amplitude analyses of Ω b − → J / ψ Ξ 0 K − decays and B − → J / ψ Ξ − Λ ¯ decays.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic with increasing incidence, which results in diverse complications, seriously affects the patient quality of life, and brings huge economic burdens to society. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of DM, resulting in neuropathic pain and chronic itch. The precise mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy have not been fully clarified, hindering the exploration of novel therapies for diabetic neuropathy and its terrible symptoms such as diabetic pain and itch. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiologic process of neuropathic pain and chronic itch. Indeed, researchers have currently made significant progress in knowing the role of glial cells and the pro-inflammatory mediators produced from glial cells in the modulation of chronic pain and itch signal processing. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of neuroinflammation in contributing to the sensitization of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). In addition, we also summarize the inflammation mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic itch, including activation of glial cells, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting excessive neuroinflammation may provide potential and effective therapies for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and itch in DM.

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a critical component of the glycolytic pathway, relates to the development of various cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of LDHA inhibition and the physiological significance of the LDHA inhibitors in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are unknown. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in tumor growth and progression. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA LINC00671 negatively correlated with LDHA, downregulating LDHA expression and predicting good clinical outcome in thyroid cancer. Moreover, hypoxia inhibits LINC00671 expression and activates LDHA expression largely through transcriptional factor STAT3. STAT3/LINC00671/LDHA axis regulates thyroid cancer glycolysis, growth, and lung metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In thyroid cancer patients, LINC00671 expression is negatively correlated with LDHA and STAT3 expression. Our work established STAT3/LINC00671/LDHA as a critical axis to regulate PTC growth and progression. Inhibition of LDHA or STAT3 or supplement of LINC00671 could be potential therapeutic strategies in thyroid cancer.

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) excels in natural language processing (NLP) but is costly on edge devices. We introduce an unsupervised, retraining-free structured pruning scheme for BERT, guided by mutual information (MI). Leveraging Rényi α-order entropy, we design a representation-aware MI estimator and a principled kernel-bandwidth selection, producing stable, sample-efficient neuron-level pruning signals. This method removes redundant units while preserving representational capacity, reduces memory and latency, and deploys readily on commodity hardware. Explainable-AI visualizations clarify how compression reshapes intermediate features and predictions. Across benchmarks, the compressed models maintain minimal accuracy loss, outperform or match strong unsupervised baselines, and remain competitive with supervised alternatives.

Oxide graphene (GO) nanosheets were prepared by modified Hummers and Offeman methods. The products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The tribological properties of GO nanosheets as water-base lubricant additive were investigated using a UMT-2 ball-plate tribotester. By the addition of GO nanosheets in pure water, the antiwear ability was improved and the friction coefficient was decreased. The water with GO nanosheets showed better tribological properties than the water with oxide multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH). It is concluded that the formation of a thin physical tribofilms on the substrate can explain the good friction and wear properties of GO nanosheets.

Widespread mafic magmatism at ca. 1.8–1.7 Ga across fragments of the Columbia supercontinent records a transition in the Earth's supercontinent cycle. The paleogeographic position of the Dunhuang Block in northwestern China within Columbia, and its role in this tectonic reorganization, remain controversial. In this study, a potential fragment of a 1.77–1.76 Ga large igneous province (LIP), termed the Aksay LIP (ALIP), was identified that conformably overlies a coeval banded iron formation (BIF) in the northern Dunhuang Block. Field observations, zircon U–Pb dating, and whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Fe isotopic data for the bimodal volcanic rocks and BIFs allow us to reconstruct the paleo‐position of the Dunhuang Block within Columbia and track the redox state at this time. The tholeiitic basalts were derived from an enriched mantle plume source in an extensional setting following the amalgamation of Columbia. The BIFs associated with the volcanic–sedimentary sequence were deposited in a sediment‐starved marine rift basin, where Fe was likely sourced from distal hydrothermal vents in under anoxic and ferruginous conditions. These findings combined with global LIP correlations suggest a late Paleoproterozoic tectonic link between the Dunhuang Block and the North China Craton within the Columbia supercontinent.

Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria, mainly Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a major threat to public health and economic development. There has been no systematic epidemiological assessment concerning bTB in dairy cattle in China. Methodology/principal findings Literature related to bTB in China was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, ScienceDirect, VIP Chinese Journals Database, and Wan Fang Database to build the first meta-analysis for estimating the prevalence and infection moderators of bTB in dairy cattle in China. A total of 100 relevant studies published from 2010 to 2019 were included. We estimated the overall prevalence of bTB was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1-2.8) during this decade. In the sampling year subgroup, the prevalence was lowest in 2017 or later at 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3-1.5). The lowest prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5-1.0) in Northwestern China. The lowest prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.8-2.5) using SIT test. Heifer cows had the highest prevalence, which was 27.1% (95% CI: 9.7-49.2). The prevalence in scale farming was 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1-4.3), significantly higher than that in free-range farming (1.7%, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). The prevalence of bTB was highest in summer at 4.0% (95% CI: 1.7-7.0). In addition, the influence of different geographical factors (altitude, longitude, latitude, precipitation, temperature, humidity) on the prevalence was analyzed. Conclusions/significance The results showed that bTB was widespread in China but has been gradually reduced through concerted national intervention. It is suggested that different countries should formulate corresponding prevention and control measures according to the epidemic situation in its cattle industry. Enhanced monitoring of warm and humid areas may play an important role in reducing the incidence of bTB. In addition, when large-scale breeding is promoted, attention should be paid to standardizing breeding management and improving animal welfare to reduce the prevalence of bTB in cattle.

Mutual approximation is an emerging method for obtaining high-precision astrometric measurements of natural satellites and asteroids. We used the 80 cm YaoAn High Precision Telescope to observe mutual approximation events of the main Uranian satellites during the period from 2021 to 2023. The average of internal errors along the directions of apparent relative motion and position are 20.0 and 5.1 mas, respectively. On the other hand, the rms of differences between observational results and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ephemeris along the direction of apparent relative motion and position are 42.5 and 20.6 mas, respectively. We also investigated the factors affecting astrometric precision and found two simple indicators to exclude the invalid mutual approximation events, i.e., the events that do not contribute to precision enhancement. One indicator is the impact parameters divided by the difference of two satellites’ apparent semimajor axes; the other is the apparent relative velocity divided by the difference of their apparent orbital velocities. The resulting quotients of all invalid events are significantly larger than 1.1. Simulations confirm that the indicators are suitable for all the main Uranian satellites' mutual approximation events in recent years and the near future. Consequently, it is recommended to exclude invalid events from future observation campaigns by using the two indicators.

Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides in Panax ginseng. Although Rh2 is known to enhance immune cells activity for treatment of cancer, its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rh2 on spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain and elucidated the potential mechanisms. We found that various doses of Rh2 intrathecal injection dose-dependently attenuated SNI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Rh2 also inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of a murine SNI model. Rh2 treatment inhibited SNI-induced increase of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. Expression of miRNA-21, an endogenous ligand of Toll like receptor (TLR)8 was also decreased. Rh2 treatment blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by inhibiting of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Finally, intrathecal injection of TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 reversed the analgesic effect of Rh2. These results indicated that Rh2 relieved SNI-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting the miRNA-21-TLR8-MAPK signaling pathway, thus providing a potential application of Rh2 in pain therapy.