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دخلت الصين مرحلة جديدة من التطور خلال العقود الثلاثة، مع بدئها بتنفيذ سياسة الإصلاح والانفتاح، فاحتل اقتصادها في العام 2010 م، المرتبة الثانية لأكبر اقتصاد في العالم، نتيجة سنوات طويلة من العمل الشاق، لبناء دولة اشتراكية قوية، والترويج لحوكمة جديدة، إلى جانب التطور المتسارع لكل من العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، تحت قيادة الرئيس شي جين بينغ الحكيمة التي عكست وجهة نظره الثاقبة والمتمثلة في دمج النظرية بالممارسة لمواكبة الزمن. وبناء عليه، سيعالج هذا الكتاب أهم الخطوط العريضة التي قام عليها فكر شي جين بينغ في حوكمة الصين، وبناء دولة ابتكارية تعطي الأولوية لتطوير العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، وإغنائها بالمواهب الشابة، بهدف الحفاظ على استمرارية النهضة التي تشهدها الأمة الصينية حاليا، والشير أكثر فأكثر إلى الأمام.

Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the endogenous antioxidant defense system, leading to cellular damage. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease. The presence of asthma tends to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant system in the lungs is insufficient to mitigate it. Therefore, asthma can lead to an exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. PM2.5 exposure increases ROS levels. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ROS will further enhance the oxidative stress response, resulting in DNA, protein, lipid, and other cellular and molecular damage, leading to respiratory diseases. An in-depth study on the relationship between oxidative stress and PM2.5-related asthma is helpful to understand the pathogenesis and progression of the disease and provides a new direction for the treatment of the disease. This paper reviews the research progress of oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced asthma as well as highlights the therapeutic potentials of antioxidant approaches in treatment of asthma.

A strong cold event hit eastern China around 24 January 2016 with surface air temperature reaching more than 10°C below the climatological mean in most regions of eastern China south of 40°N. A total of 37 strong cold events similar to the January 2016 event with temperature anomalies over eastern China exceeding −5°C have been identified during the winters from 1979/80 to 2015/16. A comparative analysis of events with surface temperature anomalies of the same intensity but limited to north of 40°N indicates that the southward invasion of cold air to eastern China south of 40°N is related to two factors. One is the latitudinal location of the upper-level wave train, the surface Siberian high, and the midtropospheric East Asian trough over the mid- to high-latitude Eurasian continent. The other is a subtropical upper-level wave train emanating from the midlatitude North Atlantic. The emergence of the subtropical wave train is related to the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). When the mid- to high-latitude wave train is located too far northward and the subtropical wave train induces an anomalous midtropospheric high over southern China, the East Asian trough does not extend southwestward and the Siberian high does not expand southeastward. In such a case, the cold air mainly affects northeastern China and northern Japan.

Aims The atmospheric deposition of N has rapidly increased in recent years, but whether the C:N:P stoichiometry of older leaves, litter and the mineral layer of soil is more sensitive to N deposition than the C:N:P stoichiometry of new leaves remains unclear. Methods An experiment simulating N deposition (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg·N·ha −1 ·year −1 ) was established in a Pinus koraiensis plantation in Northeast China in May 2014. In September 2017, the nutrient concentrations in new and older leaves, litter, and the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil mineral layers were determined. Results The treatments and leaf stages had no significant interaction effect on the leaf C:N:P stoichiometry. The coefficient of variation among the treatments found for new leaves was significantly lower than that found for the 10–20 cm soil layer, and no significant difference was found among the three leaf stages or among the two soil layers. Conclusions The C:N:P stoichiometry of older leaves and litter is not more sensitive to N addition than that of new leaves, and the soil C:N:P stoichiometry responds earlier to N addition than the leaf C:N:P stoichiometry. For the forest ecosystem factors associated with stoichiometric traits, the soil C:N:P stoichiometry might be a better indicator of variations under the increased N:P deposition ratio obtained with N deposition.

INTRODUCTION: With the growth of the economic level, China's urban residents' urban living standards are also increasingly high, which has produced the story of an urban street space design to improve the requirements. Moreover, with intelligent manufacturing and other computer technology to enhance the efficiency of various industries, smart manufacturing applied to urban spatial design landscapes also has a prototype. OBJECTIVES: To improve the level of digitization in China, the application of intelligent manufacturing in urban street space design; to promote the transformation of urban landscape elements, urban modernization will increase the level; to solve the problem of the urban environment improvement and economic development is not synchronized; to promote the modernization of urban development, enhance the level of urban informatization and intelligence. METHODS: Firstly establishes the Wells equation of the optimal path of intelligent manufacturing through the technique of theoretical exposition; secondly, analyzes people's demand for urban street space design by using the method of data statistics and analysis; lastly, summarizes the principles to be followed in the creation of urban street space and the construction outlook through case study. RESULTS: The Wells equation of the optimal path of smart manufacturing shows that intelligent manufacturing has a significant positive effect on the efficiency of urban street space design; the results of data statistics and analysis show that the current level of urban street space design cannot meet people's growing spiritual and cultural needs; the results of the case study show that the design of urban street space should follow the design principles of safety, closeness to nature, and human-centeredness. CONCLUSION: Urban street space design in the context of digital intelligent manufacturing should be done promptly, and the level of urban landscape design should be strengthened to meet people's growing spiritual and cultural needs in the post-New Crown epidemic era.

INTRODUCTION: At present, China's urbanization continues to develop, but the level of urban planning and design has not kept pace with the progress of development, especially the creation of street space in small cities, which is still not able to adapt to the current needs of people's cultural life. With the development of the economy and science and technology, artificial intelligence and other information technologies are constantly integrated into daily life. Therefore, utilizing artificial intelligence for street space design research is significant. OBJECTIVES: To improve the development level of artificial intelligence, information technology, and the application level of artificial intelligence in China; to solve the problem of the relatively low level of street space design in the current city, especially in small towns, to meet the needs of people's cultural life; to promote the improvement of the level of artificial intelligence in China for the convenience of civil life, and to further improve the level of street space design in China. METHODS: Firstly discusses the theories, such as the principles of street space design in small cities, to illustrate the necessity of integrating AI into street space design in small towns; secondly, the model established by AI is used to optimize the street space in small cities; finally, the feasibility of integrating AI design into street space design in small towns is illustrated through cases and examples. RESULTS: Street space design in small cities in China needs more design aesthetics, and artificial intelligence needs to be integrated into street space design. Artificial intelligence has a noticeable optimization effect on street space design, and using artificial intelligence can improve the design level of limited space. Also illustrates that artificial intelligence can be better integrated into the street space design of small cities through cases. CONCLUSION: In the context of the digital era, the street space design of small cities needs to apply artificial intelligence. In modernization-oriented urban construction, the street space design level of small towns should be further strengthened to improve the modernization level of cities.

The East Asian trough (EAT) is a distinct component of the boreal winter circulation whose strength corresponds to the amplitude of the Northern Hemispheric stationary waves. In this study, the mechanism and climatic impacts of the intraseasonal variations of the EAT’s strength are investigated through composite analysis and dynamical diagnostics. The significant roles played by the low-frequency Rossby wave (RW) and synoptic transient eddy (TE) are revealed. Before the peaks of strong EAT events, an uppertropospheric RW train propagates across northern Eurasia and interacts with preexisting surface cold anomalies over central Siberia. This pattern intensifies the Siberian high and causes RW convergence toward the EAT, leading to 30% of the EAT’s amplification directly via the RW-induced feedback forcing. Meanwhile, RW weakens the background baroclinicity and reduces TE activities near the entrance region of the North Pacific storm track. The TE-induced feedback forcing leads to another 30% of the EAT’s amplification. The evolution and dynamical processes of the weak EAT events generally resemble those of the strong events with opposite signs. These results are consistent with the knowledge on the mechanism of the strong and weak EAT events regarding the role of RWs with additional quantitative description and provide new insights regarding the role of TEs. Variations of the EAT’s strength exert significant climatic impacts on East Asia and its downstream region. Near-surface air temperature is below (above) normal over East Asia during the growth and peak stages of the strong (weak) EAT events and above (below) normal over North America afterward.

Recent advances in society have resulted in the emergence of both hyperlipidemia and obesity as life-threatening conditions in people with implications for various types of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This is further complicated by a global rise in the aging population, especially menopausal women, who mostly suffer from overweight and bone loss simultaneously. Interestingly, clinical observations in these women suggest that osteoarthritis may be linked to a higher body mass index (BMI), which has led many to believe that there may be some degree of bone dysfunction associated with conditions such as obesity. It is also common practice in many outpatient settings to encourage patients to control their BMI and lose weight in an attempt to mitigate mechanical stress and thus reduce bone pain and joint dysfunction. Together, studies show that bone is not only a mechanical organ but also a critical component of metabolism, and various endocrine functions, such as calcium metabolism. Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between metabolic dysfunction in bone and abnormal lipid metabolism. Previous studies have also regarded obesity as a metabolic disorder. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. In this narrative review, the data describing the close relationship between bone and lipid metabolism was summarized and the impact on both the normal physiology and pathophysiology of these tissues was discussed at both the molecular and cellular levels.

INTRODUCTION: The function of many public street spaces in Chinese cities is declining, but urban street space is essential in cities. How to enhance the street's fireworks and reshape the street's rich living atmosphere is worthy of further research and discussion. OBJECTIVES: Based on the similarity algorithm urban street enhancement-related theories, paper summarizes the current problems of urban street space in China, researches the corresponding enhancement strategies according to the issues, and makes a strategic research and summary on the relationship between the interfaces of the scope of the visual field and the human behavior, as well as the relationship between the pedestrian and the vehicular traffic. METHODS: An in-depth study after defining the concept, summarizing the idea and extracting the urban street refinement design model using the similarity algorithm. RESULTS: The new urban street refinement design model can improve the psychological satisfaction of people walking in the application; the street space design model of the walking experience will also use the algorithm to simulate the joy; lastly, a recommended optimization technique is presented for the construction of a humanized street scale and other related factors. CONCLUSION: The study of urban street space is a refined design strategy for the improvement of the urban landscape; the growth of the happiness index of urban residents is of great significance and, at the same time, for the enhancement of China's modernization level, improve the human habitat environment are of great importance, and should pay attention to the urban street refinement design.

The whip leg technique is an indispensable offensive action for high-level Sanda athletes in the competition. In order to improve the effective guidance of the action of Wushu Sanda whip leg, based on wavelet transform, the three-dimensional image analysis of Sanda whip leg technical action characteristics, to explore the movement speed of each link of the attacking leg, the contraction form, and force sequence of major muscles or muscle groups and put forward correct and reasonable movement techniques, is expected to provide theoretical basis and reference for coaches and athletes in the training of Sanda whip leg movement. Based on this, this paper attempts to use the three-dimensional image analysis system and surface electromyography acquisition system from the perspective of wavelet transform to collect the speed of the attacking leg movement and the parameters related to muscle discharge and to quantitatively analyze and evaluate its movements. The sequence of activities of the whip leg strike is hip joint-knee joint-hip joint-knee joint-ankle joint. It is suggested to strictly follow the principle of link movement in practice, and the completion of the whole movement should be relaxed and natural.